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Bible Lexicons
Old Testament Hebrew Lexical Dictionary
Strong's #3772 - כָּרַת
- Brown-Driver-Briggs
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2291) trk (כרת KRT) AC: Cut CO: ? AB: ?: A cutting off or down of anything. Often used as a cutting of the covenant in the sense that the sacrificial animal is cut in half (see Jeremiah 34:18) . [from: yq- being cut short] (eng: create)
V) trk (כרת KRT) - Cut off: KJV (288): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Hiphil, Hophal, Pual) cut off, make, cut down, cut, fail, destroy, want, covenant, hew - Strongs: H3772 (כָּרַת)
df1) etfrk (כרותה KRWTH) - Beam: As cut off from the tree. KJV (3): beam - Strongs: H3773 (כְּרֻתוֹת)
bf3) tftirk (כריתות KRYTWT) - Divorce: As cut off from the husband. KJV (4): divorcement, divorce - Strongs: H3748 (כְּרִיתוּת)
Jeff Benner, Ancient Hebrew Research Center Used by permission of the author.
כָּרַת fut. יִכְרֹת
(1) to cut, to cut off, as part of a garment [“comp. Sanscr. Krit.”] 1 Samuel 24:5, 12 1 Samuel 24:12 the branch of a tree, Numbers 13:23, 24 Numbers 13:24 præputium, Exodus 4:25 the head, 1 Samuel 17:51, 5:4 to cut down trees, Deuteronomy 19:5; Isaiah 14:8, 44:14 Jerem. 10:3 22:7 46:23 (whence כֹּרְתֵי הָעֵצִים woodcutters, 2 Chronicles 2:9); images of false gods, Exodus 34:13; Judges 6:25, 26 Judges 6:26, 30 Judges 6:30 כָּרוּת Levit. 22:24 more fully כְּרוּת שָׁפְכָה Deuteronomy 23:2, castrated.
(2) to kill, to destroy persons, Deuteronomy 20:20; Jeremiah 11:19. Niph. and Hiph.
(3) specially כָּרַת בְּרִית; Gr. ὅρκια τέμνειν, τέμνειν σπονδὰς, to make a covenant, so used from slaying and dividing the victims, as was customary in making a covenant (see Genesis 15:18; Jeremiah 34:8, 18 Jeremiah 34:18 comp. Bochart, Hieroz. t. i. lib. 2, cap. 35; Danzii Interpres, p. 255; also Gr. σπονδὴ, libation, league, whence is spondere). Commonly construed followed by עִם and (אִתּ) אֵת with any one, Genesis 15:18; Exodus 24:8; Deuteronomy 4:23, 5:3 and so frequently; but followed by לְ
(a) where the more powerful party prescribes the terms of the covenant to the other. 2 Kings 11:4 poet. Job 31:1, בְּרִית כָּרַתִּי לְעֵינַי “I made a covenant with my eyes,” i.e. prescribed these terms to them (compare 2 Samuel 5:3; 1 Chronicles 11:3); hence used of Jehovah establishing a covenant with men, 2 Chronicles 21:7; Isaiah 55:3, 61:8 Jeremiah 32:40.
(b) where the victor concedes the benefit of peace, and a league to the vanquished. Joshua 9:6, עַתָּה כִּרְתוּ לָנוּ בְרִית “now grant a league to us;” verse Joshua 9:7, sq.; 1 Samuel 11:1, 1 Samuel 11:2; Exodus 23:32, 34:12, 15 Exodus 34:15; Deuteronomy 7:2.
(c) where any thing is vowed to God. Ezra 10:3, לֵאלֹהֵינוּ לְהוֹצִיא כָל־נָשִׁים וְעַתָּה נִכְרָת־בְּרִית “now then let us vow to our God to put away all the wives;” hence כָּרַת דָּבָר to vow, to promise any thing, Haggai 2:5. In all these phrases בְּרִית may also be omitted. 1 Samuel 11:2, 20:16 22:8 2 Chronicles 7:18; Isaiah 57:8, וַתִּכְרָת־לָךְ מֵהֶם “and thou hast joined with thee (some) of them in covenant;” Vulg. fœdus pepigisti cum eis. For בְּרִית there once occurs the syn. אֲמָנָה Nehemiah 10:1.
Niph.
(1) to be cut down, as a tree, Job 14:7; Isaiah 55:13. Figuratively to be cut off from one’s country, i.e. to be driven into exile, to be expelled, Zechariah 14:2.
(2) to be extirpated, destroyed, used of persons, Genesis 9:11; Psalms 37:9; Proverbs 2:22, 10:31, and so often. Thus, in the customary expression of the Mosaic law, נִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִיא מֵעַמֶּיהָ “that soul (that person) shall be cut off from his people,” Genesis 17:14 Levit. 7:20, 21 עַמָּם, מִקֶּרֶב עַמּוֹ Levit. 17:4, Leviticus 17:9, 18:29 20:18 Numbers 15:30 מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 12:15; Numbers 19:13 מִתּוֹךְ הַקָּהָל Numbers 19:20 מֵעֲדַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Exodus 12:19 and simpl. נִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִיא Levit. 17:14 20:17. By this phrase is meant the punishment of death in general, without any definition of the manner (never the punishment of exile, as is supposed by J. D. Michaëlis, on the Mosaic Law, v. § 237), Exodus 31:14 compare Exodus 35:2 and Numbers 15:32. [In some of the passages it appears only to signify severed from the congregation of the Lord.] Hence
(3) to perish, to fail, i.q. אָבַד. 1 Kings 2:4, לֹא־יִכָּרֵת לְךָ אִישׁ מֵעַל כִּסֵּא יִשְׂרָאֵל “there shall not fail thee (perish unto thee) a man from off the throne of Israel;” 1 Kings 8:25, 9:5 Isaiah 48:19; Jeremiah 33:17, 18 Jeremiah 33:18, 35:19 used of a country (people) perishing through famine, Genesis 41:36 of a name, Ruth 4:10 of hope, Proverbs 23:18, 24:14 of fidelity, Jeremiah 7:28; Joshua 9:23, לֹא־יִכָּרֵת מִכֶּם עֶבֶד “there shall not fail (i.e. cease) from you a slave;” i.e. ye shall be slaves for ever. 2 Samuel 3:29.
(4) to be cut off, i.e. divided; used of the waters of Jordan, Joshua 3:13, 4:7 compare כְּרִיתוּת divorce.
(5) to be consumed as food, Numbers 11:33.
Pual כֹּרַת and כָּרַּת to be cut off, or down, Judges 6:28. Ezekiel 16:4.
Hiphil
(1) i.q. Kal No. 2, to kill, destroy men, Leviticus 17:10 nations, Joshua 23:4; Zephaniah 3:6; Ezekiel 25:7 instruments of idolatry, Leviticus 26:30.
(2) to separate, to remove, to withdraw. 1 Samuel 20:15, וְלֹא־תַכְרִית אֶת־חַסְדְּךָ מֵעִם בֵּיתִי “that thou withdraw not thy mercy from my house.”
Hophal הָכְרַת to be cut off from something, followed by מִן Joel 1:9.
The derived nouns immediately follow, except כְּרִית, כְּרִיתֻת.
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