Bible Lexicons

πλήσσω,

Nic. Al. 456, present used by Hom. and Att. writers only in compd. ἐκπλ- (cf. πλήγνυμι ); Att. πλήττω Arist. Ph. 224a33: fut. πλήξω A. Fr. 275, and late Prose, Philostr. VA 5.39, ( ἐπι- ) Il. 23.580, ( ἐκ- ) Pl. R. 436e, ( κατα- ) X. Lac. 8.3: aor. ἔπληξα, Ep. πλῆξα, Il. 2.266, Hes. Th. 855, Hdt. 3.64, and later Greek, J. AJ 4.8.33, Plu. 2.233f, BGU 759.14 (ii A.D.), etc.; Dor. πλᾶξα Pi. N. 1.49; never in Att. ( E. IA 1579 is spurious) exc. in compds. ἐκ-, κατα- (qq. v.); in the simple Verb the fut. and aor. of πατάσσω or παίω are used instead, as also in LXX: pf. πέπληγα, subj. πεπλήγῃ Ar. Av. 1350, inf. πεπληγέναι X. An. 6.1.5 (dub., but read by Ath. 1.15e ), part. πεπληγώς Il. 5.763, al. (also in pass. sense in late writers, LXX 2 Chronicles 29:9, Plu. Luc. 31, Luc. Trag. 115, Q.S. 5.91, etc.); later perf. πέπληχα Men. Epit. 485, Sam. 86, J. AJ 4.8.33: Ep. redupl. aor. 2 ἐπέπληγον Il. 5.504, πέπληγον 23.363, Od. 8.264; inf. πεπληγέμεν Il. 16.728, 23.660; but part. πεπλήγοντες in pres. sense, Call. Jov. 53, Nonn. D. 28.327: — Med., fut. πλήξομαι ( κατα- ) Plb. 4.80.2, D.H. 6.10, etc.: aor. ἐπληξάμην, Ep. πληξάμην, h.Cer. 245, Hdt. 3.14, and in late Prose, J. AJ 16.10.7, ( κατα- ) Plb. 2.52.1, etc.; part. πληξάμενος Il. 16.125: Ep. aor. 2 πεπλήγετο 12.162, Od. 13.198, πεπλήγοντο Il. 18.51: — Pass., pres. πλήσσομαι Ptol. Harm. 1.1: fut. πληγήσομαι X. Cyr. 2.3.10, D. 18.263 (but in compos. ἐκ-πλᾰγήσομαι ); also πεπλήξομαι E. Hipp. 894, Ar. Eq. 271, Pl. Tht. 180a: aor. ἐπλήχθην Ph. 1.39, Dsc. 1.93, Placit. 4.14.3, but mostly ἐπλήγην, Hdt. 5.120, S. OC 605, etc. (the former nowhere in Trag., exc. ἐκ-πληχθείς E. Tr. 183 (lyr.)); part. πληγείς Il. 8.12, A. Th. 608, Frr. 139, 180, Antipho 4.4.3, etc.; Dor. πλᾱγείς (v. infr. 1.1a ad fin.); Aeol. πλάγεις [ᾱ ] Alc. Supp. 26.3; ( ἐπλάγην [ᾰ ] only in compds. ἐξ-, κατ-, of persons struck with terror or amazement ): pf. πέπληγμαι Hdt. 1.41, etc. — in Att. and Trag., also LXX, the simple Verb is scarcely found exc. in fut. 2 and 3, aor. 2, and pf. Pass., but fut. Act. is used once by A., pf. 2 πέπληγα by Ar. and X. (v. supr.); Hdt. uses the Act. ( aor. ) only in 3.64, 78 . — The pres. πλήσσω, πλήσσομαι are unknown to Att. writers (also to LXX, exc. 4 Maccabees 14:19 ), who use the pres. Act. and Pass. of παίω, τύπτω instead (v. sub his vv.); whereas the aor. 2 Pass. ἐπλήγην is used instead of ἐπαίσθην, ἐπατάχθην, or ἐτύφθην ( ἐτύπην ): hence παίσαντές τε καὶ πληγέντες S. Ant. 172; πότερον πρότερος ἐπλήγην ἢ ἐπάταξα Lys. 4.15; πατάξας καταβάλλω, opp. πληγεὶς κατέπεσεν, Id. 1.25,27; ὁ πληγεὶς ἀεὶ τῆς πληγῆς ἔχεται, κἂν ἑτέρωσε πατάξῃ τις, ἐκεῖσ' εἰσὶν αἱ χεῖρες D. 4.40; ὅταν ὁ μὲν πληγῇ, ὁ δὲ πατάξῃ Arist. EN 1132a8; πατάξαι ἢ πληγῆναι Id. Rh. 1377a21; so in D. 21.33,38 the Act. πατάξαι corresponds with the Pass. πληγῆναι in ib.36,39: —

strike, smite, freq. in Hom., esp. of a direct blow, opp. βάλλειν ( οὔτε πληγέντα . ., οὔτε βληθέντα Hdt. 6.117 ), πλῆξεν . . κόρυθος φάλον Il. 3.362; σκήπτρῳ δὲ μετάφρενον ἠδὲ καὶ ὤμω πλῆξεν 2.266, cf. 16.791; πλήξας ξίφει αὐχένα ib. 332; μή τις . . ἐμὲ χειρὶ βαρείῃ πλήξῃ Od. 18.57, etc.; ἱστὸς . . πλῆξε κυβερνήτεω κεφαλήν 12.412: c. acc. dupl. pers. et rei, strike one on . ., τὸν δ' ἄορι πλῆξ' αὐχένα Il. 11.240, etc.; τὸν . . ξίφεϊ . . κληῗδα παρ' ὦμον πλῆξ' 5.147; τὸν . . κατ' ἄκνηστιν μέσα νῶτα πλῆξα Od. 10.162; πὺξ πεπληγέμεν, of boxers, Il. 23.660; πλῆξ' αὐτοσχεδίην 12.192; πεπληγὼς ἀγορῆθεν ἀεικέσσι πληγῇσιν having driven him with blows, 2.264; κῦμα . . μιν . . πλῆξεν struck him, Od. 5.431; ὦσε ποδὶ πλήξας 22.20; ἵππω πλήξαντε [ποσὶ τὸν νεκρόν ] Il. 5.588; πέπληγον χορὸν ποσίν Od. 8.264; ἵππους ἐς πόλεμον πεπληγέμεν whip on the horses to the fray, Il. 16.728; of Zeus, strike with lightning, Hes. Th. 855: — Med., μηρὼ πληξάμενος having smitten his thighs, Il. 16.125; καὶ ὣ πεπλήγετο μηρώ 12.162 (but στῆθος πλήξας Od. 20.17 ); πλήξασθαι τὴν κεφαλήν, as a token of grief, Hdt. 3.14: — Pass., to be struck, smitten, πληγέντε κεραυνῷ stricken by lightning, Il. 8.455, etc.; of a ship, Διὸς πληγεῖσα κ. Od. 12.416; of a tree, Hes. Sc. 422, cf. Th. 861; ἡ κριθὴ ἐπλήγη (by hail?) PPetr. 2p.69 (iii B. C.): freq. in Trag., πληγεὶς θεοῦ μάστιγι A. Th. 608; Διὸς πληγέντα . . πυρί E. Supp. 934; πληγείς τινος stricken by a man, Id. Or. 497 (s.v.l.); ἔβραχε θύρετρα πληγέντα κληῗδι touched by the key, Od. 21.50; ὥσπερ τὰ χαλκία πληγέντα . . ἠχεῖ Pl. Prt. 329a; ὑπὸ δόρατος πλαγεὶς δι' ἀμφοτέρων τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν IG 42(1).122.64 (Epid., iv B. C. ): c. acc. cogn., πέπληγμαι καιρίαν πληγήν A. Ag. 1343 . sting, πληγεῖσα ὑπὸ σκορπίου Sammelb. 1267.6 (i A. D.) .

2. with acc. of the thing set in motion, κονίσαλον ἐς οὐρανὸν ἐπέπληγον πόδες ἵππων struck the dust up to heaven, Il. 5.504; Ζεὺς ἐπ' Ἴδᾳ πλᾶξε κεραυνόν (for Ἴδαν πλᾶξε κεραυνῷ ) Pi. N. 10.71: — Pass., πλήσσονται λινέαις ὄρτυγες ἐν νεφέλαις are dashed against the nets, Call. Aet. 3.1.37 .

3. strike or stamp as one does a coin, Κύπριος χαρακτὴρ . . ἐν γυναικείοις τύποις . . πέπληκται A. Supp. 283 .

4. of musical sounds, οὑτωσὶ πληγέντα οὕτως ἐφθέγξατο τὰ φωνήεντα Plot. 3.3.5 .

II metaph. in Pass., receive a blow, to be heavily defeated, Hdt. 5.120, 8.130, Th. 4.108, 8.38; to be stricken by misfortune, συμφορῇ πεπληγμένον Hdt. 1.41, cf. A. Ch. 31 (lyr.); στρατὸν τοσοῦτον πέπληγμαι I am smitten in so great a host, Id. Pers. 1015 (lyr.); διανταίαν δόμοισι καὶ σώμασιν πεπλαγμένους Id. Th. 896 (lyr.); φθινάσιν πληγεῖσα νόσοις S. Ant. 819 (anap.).

2. to be smitten emotionally, ἱμέρῳ πεπληγμένοι A. Ag. 544; also πληγέντες δώροισι touched by bribes, Hdt. 8.5; ἐξ ἔρωτος Hermesian. 7.42; τὴν καρδίαν πληγεὶς ὑπὸ λόγων Pl. Smp. 218a, etc.

3. Act. of wines, when smelt or drunk, overpower, τὴν κεφαλήν Gal. 18(2).568, 15.672; shock, κατασεισμὸς πλήσσει [τινὰ] βιαίως Sor. 1.72: — Pass., πληττομένη ἡ μήτρα Id. 2.59 . (Cf. πλάζω, Lat. plango, Goth. faiflôkun (redupl.) 'they beat their breasts'.)