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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary
Strong's #622 - ἀπόλλυμι
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ἀπόλλῡμι or ἀπολ-ύω
(Th. 4.25, Pl. R. 608e, Arist. Pol. 1297a12, but f.l. in Men. 580; the form is rejected by Phryn. PS p.10 B., Moer. 12), impf. ἀπώλλυν A. Pers. 652 (lyr.), S. El. 1360, ἀπώλλυον And. 1.58: fut. ἀπολέσω, ἀπολέσσω, Att. ἀπολῶ, Ion. ἀπολέω Hdt. 1.34, al.: aor. ἀπώλεσα, ἀπόλεσσα: pf. ἀπολώλεκα: — freq. in tmesi in; Pr postponed in Od. 9.534: —
I
1. stronger form of ὄλλυμι, destroy utterly, kill, in Hom. mostly of death in battle, ἀπώλεσε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν 11.5.758, al.; ἐκπάγλως ἀπόλεσσαν ib. 1.268; also of things, demolish, lay waste, ἀπώλεσεν Ἴλιον ἱρήν ib. 5.648, etc.; generally, βίοτον δ' ἀπὸ πάμπαν ὀλέσσει will waste my substance, Od. 2.49; οἵ μ' ἀπωλλύτην sought to destroy me (impf. sense), S. OT 1454; in pregnant sense, ἐπεί με γᾶς ἐκ πατρίας ἀπώλεσε drove me ruined from.., E. Hec. 946; τῆς παρ' ἡμέραν χάριτος τὰ μέγιστα τῆς πόλεως ἀ. for the sake of.., D. 8.70.
2. λόγοις or λέγων ἀ. τινά talk or bore one to death, S. El. 1360, Ar. Nu. 892 (lyr.): hence, alone, in fut. ἀπολεῖς με Id. Ach. 470; οἴμ' ὡς ἀπολεῖς με Pherecr. 108.20; ἀπολεῖ μ' οὑτοσί by his questions, Antiph. 222.8, etc.
3. ruin a woman, Lys. 1.8.
II lose, πατέρ' ἐσθλὸν ἀπώλεσα Od. 2.46, cf. Il. 18.82, Democr. 272; ἀπώλεσε νόστιμον ἦμαρ Od. 1.354; ἀπὸ θυμὸν ὀλέσσαι
I
1. lose one's life, 11.16.861, Od. 12.350; θυμὸν οὐκ ἀπώλεσεν loses not his spirit, S. El. 26; ἔλεον ἀπώλεσεν 11.24.44; freq. of things, ἡ τοῦ πλέονος ἐπιθυμίη τὸ παρεὸν ἀπόλλυσι Democr. 224; ἵππους ἑβδομήκοντα ἀπολλύασι Th. 7.51; ἀπώλεσαν τὴν ἀρχὴν ὑπὸ Περσῶν X. An. 3.4.11, cf. 7.2.22; μηδὲν ἀπολλὺς τοῦ ὄγκου Pl. Tht. 155c; ἀ. οὐσίαν, = ἀπόλλυσθαι, Id. Prm. 163d. Med., ἀπόλλῠμαι: fut. -ολοῦμαι, Ion. -ολέομαι Hdt. 7.218: aor. 2 -ωλόμην: pf. -όλωλα, whence the barbarous impf. ἀπόλωλο Ar. Th. 1212: plpf. in Att. Prose sts. written ἀπωλώλειν in codd., as Th. 4.133, 7.27: — perish, die, 11.1.117, etc.; cease to exist, opp. γίγνεσθαι, Meliss. 8, Pl. Prm. 156b, etc.: sts. c. acc. cogn., ἀπόλωλε κακὸν μόρον Od. 1.166; ἀπωλόμεθ' αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον ib. 9.303: c. dat. modi, ἀπώλετο λυγρῷ ὀλέθρῳ (v.l. λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον) ib. 3.87; ἀ. ὑπό τινος Hdt. 5.126; simply, to be undone, αὐτῶν.. ἀπωλόμεθ' ἀφραδίῃσιν Od. 10.27; ἀπωλώλει τῷ φόβῳ μή.. X. Cyr. 6.1.2: freq. in Att., esp. in pf., ἀπόλωλας you are lost, Ar. Nu. 1077; ἀπωλόμεθ' ἂν εἰ μὴ ἀπολώλειμεν Plu. 2.185f; ἱκανὸν χρόνον ἀπολλύμεθα καὶ κατατετρίμμεθα Ar. Pax 355; βλέπειν ἀπολωλός Philostr.Jun. Im. 2: — as an imprecation, κάκιστ' ἀπολοίμην εἰ.. Ar. Ach. 151, al.; κακὸς κακῶς ἀπόλοιθ' ὅστις.. Eub. 116; ἐξώλης ἀπόλοιθ' ὅστις.. Men. 154; ἀπολλύμενος, opp. σῳζόμενος, Isoc. 6.36, cf. Plu. 2.469d: freq. in part. fut., κάκιστ' ἀπολούμενε o destined to a miserable end! i.e. o thou villain, scoundrel, knave! Ar. Pl. 713, cf. 456, Ach. 865, Pax 2; ὁ κάκιστ' ἀνέμων ἀ. Luc. DDeor. 14.2.
2. in NT, perish, in theol. sense, John 3:16, al.; οἱ ἀπολλύμενοι, opp. οἱ σῳζόμενοι, 1 Corinthians 1:18.
II to be lost, ὕδωρ ἀπολέσκετ' (of the water eluding Tantalus) Od. 11.586; οὔποτε καρπὸς ἀπόλλυται never falls untimely, ib. 7.117; ἀπό τέ σφισιν ὕπνος ὄλωλεν Il. 10.186; γέλως ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἀπόλωλεν X. Smp. 1.15; ἀπολόμενον ἀργύριον Antipho Soph. 54; ἀπώλοντο οἱ ὄνοι LXX 1 Samuel 9:3.
ἀπ -όλλυμι and ἀπολλύω ,
[in LXX for H6, etc. (38 words in all)].
1. Act.,
(1) to destroy utterly, destroy, kill: Mk 124, 922, al.; τ . ψνχήν , Matthew 10:28, al.;
(2) to lose utterly: Matthew 10:42, al.; metaph., of failing to save, John 6:39; John 18:9.
2. Mid.,
(1) to perish;
(a) of things: Matthew 5:29, John 6:12, Hebrews 1:11 (LXX, al.;
(b) of persons: Matthew 8:26, al. Metaph., of loss of eternal life, John 3:15-16; John 10:28; John 17:12, Romans 2:12, 1 Corinthians 8:11; 1 Corinthians 15:18, 2 Peter 3:9. In οἱ ἀπολλὺμενοι , the perishing, contrasted in 1 Corinthians 1:18, al., with οἱ σωζόμενοι , the "perfective" force of the verb, WH. " implies the completion of the process of destruction," is illustrated (v. M, Pr., 114 f.; M, Th., ii, 2:10);
(2) to be lost: Luke 15:4; Luke 21:18. Metaph., on the basis of the relation between shepherd and flock, of spiritual destitution and alienation from God: Matthew 10:6; Matthew 15:24, Luke 19:10 (MM, s.v.; DCG, i, 191 f., ii, 76, 554; Cremer, 451).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
One or two instances of the literal use of this common verb will suffice—P Petr III. 51.5 τὸ ἀργύριον δ ὤιοντο ἀπολωλέναι, ";the money which they thought had been lost,"; P Oxy IV. 743.23 (B.C. 2) ἐγὼ ὅλος διαπον [ο ]ῦμαι εἰ Ἕλενος χαλκοῦς ἀπόλε [σ ]εν, ";I am quite upset at Helenos’ loss of the money"; (Edd.). In P Fay 111.3 ff. (A.D. 95–6) we have it of destroying life : μένφομαί σαι μεγάλως ἀπολέσας χ [υ ]ρίδια δύω ἀπὸ τοῦ σκυλμοῦ τῆς ὡδοῦ, ";I blame you greatly for the loss of two pigs owing to the fatigue of the journey"; (Edd.). (Probably the writer meant ἀπολέσαντα, but the nom. will construe.) So in the dreams of Ptolemy, son of Glaucias, the helper of the Temple twins, P Par 50.9 (B.C. 160) Λέγω · Μηθαμῶς ἐργῇς (?) ἢ ἀπολέσῃ σου τὸν παῖδα · κύριος οὐκ ἀπολύει (= ἀπολλύει, presumably) τὸν αὑτοῦ παῖδα. Cf. P Petr III. 36 (a) verso .28 δεόμενος μή με ἀπολέσηι τῶι λιμῶι ἐν τῆι φυλακῆι : so Luke 15:17. In the curious nursery acrostic, P Tebt II. 278.35 f. belonging to early i/A.D. in which the story of the loss of a garment is told in lines beginning with the letters of the alphabet in order, we find :
λέων ὁ ἄρας
μωρὸς ἀπολέσας
";a lion he was who took it, a fool who lost it"; (Edd., who would read ὁ ἀ., as in the other lines). In P Ryl II. 141.21 (A.D. 37) καὶ ἀπώλεσα ἃς εἶχον ἀπὸ τιμ (ῆς) ὀπίου ";I lost 40 silver drachmae which I had with me from the sale of opium"; (Ed.), it connotes robbery; and so in Syll 237.7 (iii/B.C.) χρήματα τῶι θεῶι ἐμάνυσαν ἃ ἦσαν ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἀπολωτα (l. ἀπολωλότα) ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀναθέματος τῶν Φωκέων, καὶ ἐξήλεγξαν τοὺς ἱεροσυληκότας. The –μι forms of the mid. are unchanged : thus P Petr II. 4 (1).4 (B.C. 255–4) νυνὶ δὲ ἀπολλύμεθα (quarrymen ";worked to death"; over exceedingly hard stone), P Tebt II. 278.25 (see above) ἀπόλλυ ̣τ ̣α ̣ι ̣, etc.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
the Sixth Week after Easter