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Bible Lexicons
Old Testament Hebrew Lexical Dictionary Hebrew Lexicon
Strong's #1696 - דָּבַר
- Brown-Driver-Briggs
- Strong
- to speak, declare, converse, command, promise, warn, threaten, sing
- (Qal) to speak
- (Niphal) to speak with one another, talk
- (Piel)
- to speak
- to promise
- (Pual) to be spoken
- (Hithpael) to speak
- (Hiphil) to lead away, put to flight
- Book
- Word
did not use
this Strong's Number
2093) rbd (דבר DBR) AC: Order CO: Word AB: ?: An arrangement or placement of something creating order. [from: rd- order]
V) rbd (דבר DBR) - Speak: A careful arrangement of words or commands. KJV (1488): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Hiphil, Hitpael, Pual, Piel) speak, say, talk, promise, tell, commune, pronounce, utter, command - Strongs: H1696 (דָּבַר)
Nm) rbd (דבר DBR) - I. Word:An arrangement of words. II. Thing:As something that is arranged. In Hebrew thought words contain substance just as physical objects do. III. Plague:The re-ordering of a population. KJV (49): word, thing, matter, act, chronicle, saying, commandment, pestilence, plague, murrain - Strongs: H1697 (דָּבָר), H1698 (דֶּבֶר)
Nf1) erbd (דברה DBRH) - Word: An arrangement of words. KJV (1): word - Strongs: H1703 (דַּבֶּרֶת)
bm) ribd (דביר DBYR) - Sanctuary: A place of order. KJV (16): oracle - Strongs: H1687 (דְּבִר)
cf1) erfbd (דבורה DBWRH) - Bee: A colony of ordered insects. KJV (4): bee - Strongs: H1682 (דְּבֹרָה)
ef1) erbid (דיברה DYBRH) - Order: [Hebrew and Aramaic] KJV (7): cause, order, estate, end, regard, sake, intent - Strongs: H1700 (דִּבְרָה), H1701 (דִּבְרָה)
gm) rbfd (דובר DWBR) - I. Wilderness:A place of order, a sanctuary. II. Manner:The order which something is performed. KJV (2): manner, fold - Strongs: H1699 (דֹּבֶר)
hm) rbdm (מדבר MDBR) - I. Wilderness:A place of order, a sanctuary. II. Speech:An arrangement of words. KJV (271): wilderness, desert, south, speech - Strongs: H4057 (מִדְבָּר)
Jeff Benner, Ancient Hebrew Research Center Used by permission of the author.
Qal41 only infinitive (once ?) & participle: Infinitive suffix בְּדָבְרֶ֑ךָ (by attraction to בְּשָׁפְטֶ֑ךָ for usual Piel) Psalm 51:6; Participle דֹּבֵר Exodus 6:29 30t.; plural דֹּבְרִים Numbers 36:5; Psalm 109:20; construct דֹּבְרֵי Psalm 5:7 3t.; feminine דֹּבְרוֺת Numbers 27:7; Psalm 31:19; passive דָּבֻר Proverbs 25:11; — speak, absolute Numbers 27:7; Numbers 32:27; Numbers 36:5 (P) Psalm 51:6 (?); דָּבָר דָּבֻר word spoken Proverbs 25:11; with accusative of thing דֹּבֵר דָּבָר speaking a word Job 2:13; אמת Psalm 15:2, תמים Amos 5:10, (מ)ישׁרים Proverbs 16:13; Isaiah 33:15, צדק Isaiah 45:19, שׁלום Esther 10:3; Psalm 28:3, שׁקר(יםׅ Psalm 63:12; Psalm 101:7; Jeremiah 40:16, כזב Psalm 5:7; Psalm 58:4, רע Psalm 109:20, נבלה Isaiah 9:16, הַוַּת נפשׁו Micah 7:3; with אֶל of person, unto Genesis 16:13 (J) Exodus 6:29 (P) Jeremiah 38:20; Jeremiah 40:16; Daniel 10:11; Jonah 3:2; בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Deuteronomy 5:1; Jeremiah 28:7; עַל concerning, about Psalm 31:19; Psalm 109:20; Jeremiah 32:42 (sometimes rendered against, but dubious); עִם with Psalm 28:3; הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי the angel that spake with me (as a prophet, an instrument of communicating with Israel) Zechariah 1:9,13,14; Zechariah 2:2; Zechariah 2:7; Zechariah 4:1,4,5; Zechariah 5:5,10; Zechariah 6:4 (see preposition בְּ
III:2 Ew§ 217f. (3)).
Niph`al4 Perfect נִדְבְּרוּ Malachi 3:16, נִדְבָּ֑רוּ Psalm 119:23, נִדְבַּרְנוּ Malachi 3:13; Participle הַנִּדְבָּרִים Ezekiel 33:30; reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk, absolute Malachi 3:16; with בְּ, against Psalm 119:23; Ezekiel 33:30; with עַל, concerning, about Malachi 3:13 (RV against, see Ew§ 217 i.)
Pi`el1089 Perfect דִּבֶּר Genesis 12:4 +, דִּבֵּ֑ר Genesis 21:1 + (on דִּבֶּ֑ר Exodus 12:25; Deuteronomy 26:19 see Bö§ 1021 d (1) Kö i, 188); Imperfect יְדַבֵּר Genesis 44:7 +, יְדַבֶּרֿ Genesis 44:18 +; תְּדַבְּרוּן Genesis 32:20, תְּדַבֵּר֑וּן Psalm 58:2; Imperative דַּבֵּר Genesis 24:38 +, דַּבֶּרֿ Exodus 11:2 +; Infinitive דַּבֵּר Genesis 24:50 +, דַּבֶּרֿ Isaiah 59:13 +; Participle מְדַבֵּר Genesis 27:6 +; feminine מְדַבֶּרֶת 1 Samuel 1:13 +; — (הַדִּבֵּר Jeremiah 5:13, infinitive Ki48, probably Ol§ 182 e Kö§ 23 -5, perhaps MV; but more probably a noun, as Ges§ 52 (2), Anm. 3Ew§ 156 a, dubious perfect as Sta§ 222; בְּיוֺם דִּבֶּר Exodus 6:28; Numbers 3:1; Deuteronomy 4:15; תְּחִלַּת דִּבֶּרֿ Hosea 1:2, infinitive Ki48 Bö§ 987 (7) Kö§ 23 (5); but more probably perfect, as Ges§ 52 (2). Anm. 3); — speak,
1 absolute Deuteronomy 18:17 #NAME?לֵאמֹר, less frequently וַיּאֹמֶר: 2 Kings 18:28 +, compare the phrases ) דברתי׳אני (י Ezekiel 5:13 18t. Ezekiel; דבר׳כי י Isaiah 1:2; Isaiah 21:17; Isaiah 22:25; Isaiah 24:3; Isaiah 25:8; Jeremiah 13:15; Joel 4:8; Obadiah 18; דבר׳כי פי י Isaiah 1:20; Isaiah 40:5; Isaiah 58:14; Micah 4:4; פי ידבר Psalm 49:4; (י)דבר פי Psalm 66:14; Psalm 145:21; השׁכם ודבר Jeremiah 7:13; Jeremiah 25:3; Jeremiah 35:14; עוד זה מדבר Job 1:16,17,18.
2 with accusative of thing, very frequently, ׳דאת הדברים האלה Exodus 20:1; Deuteronomy 5:19 +; לָמָּה תְּדַבֵּרעוֺד דְּבָרֶיךָ why speakest thou any more of thy affairs ? 2 Samuel 19:30; עַד אִםדִּֿבַּרְתִּי דְּבָרָ֑י until I have told my errand Genesis 24:33; seldom followed by דָּבָר indefinite; as דָּבָר׳ד Isaiah 58:13 speak a (mere, empty) word; so probably also דְּבָרִים׳ד Hosea 10:4; with other nouns, e.g. דבר קשׁות spake rough words Genesis 42:7,30 (E); גבהה׳ד proud words 1 Samuel 2:3; טבות friendly words Jeremiah 12:6; טוב 1 Samuel 19:4; 1 Kings 22:13; Esther 7:9; שׁקר Isaiah 59:3 +, כזב Daniel 11:27, אמת Jeremiah 9:4 +, שׁוא Psalm 12:3 +; דבר שׁיר utter, sing a song Judges 5:12 משׁל 1 Kings 5:12; יְהוּדִית the Jewish language Nehemiah 13:24; סרה rebellion Deuteronomy 13:6; Jeremiah 28:16; Jeremiah 29:32.
3 with persons:
a. rarely accusative יָָֽכְלוּ דַבְּרוֺ לְשָׁלֹם they could [ not] speak unto him peaceably Genesis 37:4 (J; but Ew§ 282 a about him); וַיְדַבֵּר ֗֗֗ אֹתָם Numbers 26:3 (P, but text corrupt see Di; not satisfactory explanation yet given, possibly read אִתָּם see d).
b. most frequently withאֶל throughout the literature: Genesis 8:15 +; compare phrases אֶל משֶׁה לֵאמֹר׳וַיְדַבֵּר י Exodus 6:10 87t. P; but אל משׁה לך׳וידבּר י Exodus 32:7; Exodus 33:1 (JE); דבּר אל אהרן Leviticus 6:18 8t. (P); ישׂראל דבר אל בני Exodus 6:9 38t. (P); elsewhere, Exodus 19:6 (E) Deuteronomy 1:3; Deuteronomy 4:45 (D); אל (כל) העדה׳ד Exodus 12:3; Leviticus 19:2; Numbers 16:24,26 (P); אל לב׳ד speak unto one's heart Genesis 24:45, i.e. to oneself, compare also על לִבָּהּ׳ד 1 Samuel 1:13, see
5 below; אל is used inexactly for על 1 Samuel 3:12; 1 Kings 16:12; Isaiah 16:13; Jeremiah 27:13; Jeremiah 30:4; Jeremiah 33:14; Jeremiah 36:7,31; Jeremiah 40:2; Jeremiah 50:1; Jeremiah 51:12,62where it is rendered concerning or against.
c. with לְ speak to 1 Kings 2:19; Ezekiel 32:21; Daniel 2:4; ליהוה speak, sing to Yahweh words of a song Joshua 10:12 (D) 2 Samuel 22:1 (= Psalm 18:1 title); in D, דבר ל promise to, in phrases ) ל׳כאשׁר דבר(י Deuteronomy 1:11,21; Deuteronomy 6:3; Deuteronomy 9:3; Deuteronomy 10:9; Deuteronomy 11:25; Deuteronomy 12:20; Deuteronomy 15:6; Deuteronomy 18:2; Deuteronomy 26:18; Deuteronomy 27:3; Deuteronomy 29:12; Joshua 13:14,33; Joshua 22:4; Joshua 23:5,10 (all D); אשׁר דבר ל Deuteronomy 9:28; 1 Kings 8:24,25,26 (= 2 Chronicles 6:15,16,17). — דבר ל Genesis 24:7; Genesis 28:15; Genesis 49:28; Exodus 32:34 (J) Joshua 9:21 (P) Judges 14:7; 2 Samuel 23:3; Isaiah 30:10; Zechariah 9:10 usually rendered speak to, but often rather promise to. הֲיֵשׁ לְדַבֶּרלָֿךְ אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ is it possible to speak for thee unto the king ? 2 Kings 4:13 (by attraction to לַעֲשׂוֺת לָךְ).
d. with אֵת speak with Genesis 17:3,22,23; Genesis 21:2; Genesis 23:8; Genesis 34:6,8; Genesis 35:13,15; Exodus 25:22; Exodus 31:18; Exodus 34:29,33,34,35; Numbers 3:1; Numbers 7:89; Joshua 22:15,21 (all P) Genesis 35:14; Genesis 41:9; Genesis 42:7; Genesis 45:15; Joshua 17:14 (all E) Deuteronomy 5:21; sources of Samuel Kings Chronicles, 2 Samuel 3:27; 2 Samuel 7:7 = 1 Chronicles 17:6; 1 Kings 8:15 2 Chronicles 6:4; 1 Kings 22:24 2 Chronicles 18:23; 10:10 ( = אל 1 Kings 12:10) Jeremiah 5:5; Jeremiah 7:22; Jeremiah 9:7; Jeremiah 35:2; Jeremiah 38:25; Ezekiel 2:1; Ezekiel 3:22,24,27; Ezekiel 14:4; Ezekiel 20:3; Ezekiel 44:5; Daniel 1:19; Zechariah 8:16; compare phrases דבר חד את אחד speak one with another Ezekiel 33:30; דבר משׁפטים את speak judgments with, usually = give judgment against, (not Jeremiah 12:1), Jeremiah 1:16; Jeremiah 4:12; Jeremiah 12:1; Jeremiah 39:5; Jeremiah 52:9 (= 2 Kings 25:6); דבר טבות את speak kindly with 2 Kings 25:28 = Jeremiah 52:32.
e. with עִם speak with, (not P), Genesis 29:9; Genesis 31:24,29; Exodus 19:9; Exodus 20:19 (twice in verse); Exodus 20:22; Exodus 33:9; Numbers 11:17; Numbers 22:19; Joshua 24:27 (all J E) Deuteronomy 5:4; Deuteronomy 9:10; Judges 6:17; 1 Samuel 9:25 (ᵐ5 Th We Dr וַיִּרְבְּדוּ לְ spread a couch for) 1 Samuel 17:23; 2 Samuel 13:22; 1 Kings 1:14,22; 2 Kings 6:33; 2 Kings 18:26; 2 Chronicles 9:1 (= אֶל 1 Kings 10:2) Nehemiah 9:18; Esther 6:14; Jeremiah 32:4; Daniel 8:18; Daniel 9:22; Daniel 10:11,15,17,19; Hosea 12:5; דִּבַּרְתִּי אֲנִי עִם לִבִּי I spake, communed with my heart Ecclesiastes 1:16. feminine לִפְנֵי before, in the presence of Exodus 6:12; Numbers 36:1 (P) Judges 11:11; 1 Kings 3:22; Esther 8:3.
4 with בְּ
a. instrumental, דבר בְּ speak with, by, or by means of a person (see above
Qal near the end) Numbers 12:2 (twice in verse); Numbers 12:6,8 (E) 2 Samuel 23:2 (compare Dr), 1 Kings 22:28 2 Chronicles 18:27; Habakkuk 2:1; בְּשֵׁם דִּבֶּר speak in the name of Exodus 5:23 (J) Deuteronomy 18:19,20 (twice in verse); Deuteronomy 18:22; 1 Chronicles 21:19; Jeremiah 20:9; Jeremiah 26:16; Jeremiah 29:23; Jeremiah 44:16; Daniel 9:6; Zechariah 13:3; ביד by the hand of Numbers 17:5; Numbers 27:23; Joshua 20:2 (P) 1 Samuel 28:17; 1 Kings 8:53 13t. Kings, 2 Chronicles 10:15 (= 1 Kings 12:15) Isaiah 20:2; Jeremiah 37:2; Jeremiah 50:1; Ezekiel 38:17.
b. local (figurative), בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Genesis 20:8 (E) Exodus 11:2; Deuteronomy 32:44 (J) Genesis 23:16; Numbers 14:28; Joshua 20:4 (P) Deuteronomy 31:28,30; Judges 9:2,3; 1 Samuel 8:21; 1 Samuel 11:4; 1 Samuel 25:24; 2 Samuel 3:19 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 26:15; Proverbs 23:9; בלב דבר speak in the heart Ecclesiastes 2:15.
c. of the object, speak of, about (preposition בְּ IV. e Ew§ 217 f, (2)) Deuteronomy 6:7; Deuteronomy 11:19; 1 Samuel 19:3,4; Psalm 119:46; Psalm 122:8; propose for (a wife) 1 Samuel 25:39 (compare Song of Solomon 8:8).
d. of hostility, against (Ew§ 217 f, (1)) Numbers 12:1,8; Numbers 21:5,7 (E) Job 19:18; Psalm 50:20; Psalm 78:19.
e. of price, בְּנַפְשׁוֺ at the cost of his life 1 Kings 2:23 (see בְּ III:3).
5 with עַל, of the object concerning or about which one speaks Genesis 18:19; Numbers 10:29 (J) Joshua 23:14 (D) Judges 9:3; 1 Samuel 25:30; 1 Kings 2:4,27; 1 Kings 5:13 (twice in verse); 1 Kings 14:2; 1 Kings 22:23 (= 2 Chronicles 18:22), 2 Kings 10:10; 2 Kings 19:21 = Isaiah 37:22; 1 Chronicles 22:11; 2 Chronicles 23:3; Jeremiah 1:16; Jeremiah 18:7,8,9; Jeremiah 42:19. It may have this sense in most if not all of the following, where RV renders 1 Kings 2:18,19;
דָּבַר . This root has various significations, of which several are only found in the derivatives [in Hebrew], but which in the cognate languages also appear in the verb. These various meanings may be thus arranged
(1) The primary power, as the etymologists in Holland long ago rightly observed, is that of setting in a row, ranging in order (Gr. εἴρω); hence
(2) to lead, to guide, specially to lead flocks or herds to pasture (see דֹּבֶר, דֹּבְרָה, מִדְבָּר ), to rule, to direct a people (Syr. and Ch. ܕܒܪܰ to lead, to rule, Arab. دَبَّرَ), also to bring into order, to subdue (see Hiphil), comp. دِبْرُ swarm, as if a herd of bees, and דְּבוֹרָה (a noun of unity), a bee (which see). As a shepherd follows his flock, from the idea of leading there arises that of following.
(3) to follow, to be behind, like the Arab. دَبَرَ, whence دُبْرُ the hinder part, دَابِرُ the last, Heb. דְּבִיר the inmost recess of a temple; and as those who are going to lay snares come from behind
(4) to lay snares, to plot against (comp. עָקַב), to destroy, like the Arab. دَبَّرَ and Heb. Piel No. 2, whence דֶּבֶר, دَبْرُ destruction, death, pestilence. But from the primary idea of ranging in order, or connecting, there arises
(5) the much used, and in the verb the most frequent meaning, to speak, properly, to put words in order. Comp. sermo and dissero a serendo, and Gr. εἴρω in the signification of connecting and saying. In Kal it is only found in part. act. דֹּבֵר Exodus 6:29; Numbers 32:27, 36:5 Psalms 5:7 pass. דָּבֻר Proverbs 25:11, and inf. with suff. דָּבְרֶךָ Psal. 51:6. More frequent is the conjugation
Piel דִּבֵּר and in the middle of a sentence, דִּבֶּר, fut. יְדַבֵּר
(1) to speak, differing from אָמַר to say (which see No. 1), like the Germ. reben and fagen, Gr. λαλεῖν and εἰπεῖν, Aram. מַלֵּל and אֲמַר. It is put
(a) absol., e. g. Job 11:5, מִי־יִתֵּן אֱלוֹהַּ דַּבֵּר “O that God would speak;” Job 33:2; Numbers 12:2; Ezekiel 3:18, etc.; sometimes in an emphatic sense, for to be eloquent, Exodus 4:14, יָרַעְתִּי כִּי רַבֵּר יְרַבֵּר הוּא; Jeremiah 1:6. Often with the addition of אָמַר (see examples under the word אָמַר p. 60., B ).
(b) with an acc. of that which any one says, utters, as שֶׁקֶר, כָּזֶב, שָׁוְא, דִּבֶּר עֶרֶק, to speak justice, deceit, lying. Psal. 101:7 [Kal]; Isaiah 45:19 [Kal]; 59:3 Daniel 11:27. דִּבֶּר דְּבָרִים i.q. Lat. verba dedit, Hosea 10:4; Exodus 6:29, דַּבֵּר אֶל־פַּרְעֹח אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי רֹבֵר אֵלֶיךָ “speak unto Pharaoh all things which I speak unto thee;” Exodus 24:7, כֹּל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּר יְהֹוָה נַעֲשֶׂה “all that Jehovah hath spoken we will do.” Jeremiah 1:17; Daniel 10:11; Jonah 3:10.
(c) Rarely like אָמַר, it is so used that the things spoken follow, and לֵאמֹר must then be understood. Genesis 41:17; Exodus 32:7, וַיְדַבֵּר יְהֹוָה אֶל־משֶׁה לֶךְ־ “and Jehovah spoke unto Moses, go,” etc. 1 Kings 21:5; 2 Kings 1:7, 2 Kings 1:9; Ezekiel 40:4; Daniel 2:4.
The person to whom, or with whom we speak, is commonly preceded by the particles אֶל Genesis 8:15, 19:14, and לְ Judges 14:7 also after עִם Genesis 31:29; Deuteronomy 5:4 אֵת (אִתּ) Genesis 23:8, 42:30 עַל Jeremiah 6:10. דִּבֶּר בְּ to speak to, used of God; making something known by revelation, Zechariah 1:9 [Kal]; הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי “the angel who was speaking with me;” verse 14 Zechariah 1:14, 2:2, Zechariah 2:7, 4:1, Zechariah 4:4, 5:5. Habakkuk 2:1; Jeremiah 31:20; Numbers 12:6, Numbers 12:8. Once with an acc. (to speak to) Genesis 37:4 compare λέγειν τινά to speak to any one. To speak of any person or thing is put with an acc. (like λέγειν τινά). Ruth 4:1, הַגֹּאֵל עֹבֵר אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר־בֹּעַז “the kinsman passed by of whom Boaz spoke;” Genesis 19:21, 23:16 with בְּ 1 Samuel 19:3, וַאֲנִי אֲרַבֵּר בְּךָ אֶל־אָבִי “and I will speak of thee to my father” (verse 1 Samuel 19:4); אֶל Job 42:7 עַל 1 Kings 2:19: this is especially used of the things which God speaks or promises to any one (see letter a), 1 Kings 2:4; Daniel 9:12; Jeremiah 25:13, 42:19. To speak against any one, constr. with עַל (prop. to assail any one with reproaches), Psalms 109:20; Jeremiah 29:32; Deuteronomy 13:6 or בְּ (see בְּ B, 6). Numbers 21:7, דִּבַּרְנוּ בַּיהֹוָה וָבָךְ “we have spoken against Jehovah and against thee.” Job 19:18 Psal. 50:20 78:19. But דִּבֶּר בְּ is also to speak through any one, to use any one as an interpreter (see בְּ C, 2), Numbers 12:2; 2 Samuel 23:2; 1 Kings 22:28.
To speak often signifies (as the context shews)
(a) i.q. to promise, zufagen Deuteronomy 19:8; Jonah 3:10, with an acc. of the thing, Deuteronomy 6:3 with אֶל and עַל of the pers. (see above), and in a bad sense to threaten, Exodus 32:14.
(b) to command, to prescribe (comp. אָמַר No. 3), Genesis 12:4; Exodus 1:17, 23:22 to admonish, 1 Samuel 25:17.
(c) to utter a song, i.q. to sing, Judges 5:12 compare Arab. قال and Gr. ἔπος, when used of a poem.
(d) to speak to a woman, i.e. to ask her in marriage; followed by לְ Judges 14:7 בְ 1 Samuel 25:39. Comp. Arab. خطب and Pual.
Farther, these expressions have to be noticed
(e) דִּבֶּר עַל־לֵב פ׳ to speak kindly to any one, especially to console; compare παραμυθέομαι, Lat. alloquium. Genesis 34:3, 50:21 Ruth 2:13; 2 Samuel 19:8; 2 Chronicles 30:22, 32:6.
(f) עַל־לְבּוֹ, דִּבֶּר אֶל־ “to speak with oneself;” Genesis 24:45; 1 Samuel 1:13, מְדַבֶּרֶת עַל־לִבָּהּ “she was speaking in her heart.” Also followed by עִם לִבּוֹ, בְּלִבּוֹ, Ecclesiastes 1:16, 2:15 Psalms 15:2 [Kal].
(g) טוֹבָה עַל, דִּבֶּר טוֹב (of God) “he has spoken good things of any one,” he has promised; Numbers 10:29; 1 Samuel 25:30; Jeremiah 18:20. דִּבֶּר רָעָה עַל to decree, to inflict evils on any one. 1 Kings 22:23; Jeremiah 11:17, 19:15 26:19 35:14 followed by אֶל־ Jeremiah 36:31. The meaning is rather different in Esther 7:9, מָרְדְּכַי אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר־טוֹב עַל־הַמֶּלֶךְ “Mordecai, who had spoken good for the king” (compare 6:2 ).
(h) אֶל־ דִּבֶּר טוֹבוֹת, אֵת to speak kindly with any one; 2 Kings 25:28; Jeremiah 12:6 it. דִּבֶּר שָׁלוֹם עִם to speak friendly, peaceably with any one; Psal. 28:3 [Kal], followed by אֵת Jeremiah 9:7 followed by אֶל־ to announce welfare, to promise, Psalms 85:9 followed by בְּ id. Psalms 122:8, אֲרַבְּרָה־נָּא שָׁלוֹם בָּךְ “I will pray for peace for thee;” followed by לְ Esther 10:3 [Kal], דֹּבֵר שֶׁלוֹם לְכָל־זַרְעוֹ “he spoke for the welfare of all his posterity.” And even absolutely, Psalms 35:20.
(1) דִּבֶּר מִשְׁפָּט אֵת to pronounce sentence (by which a penalty is declared) upon some one, and to plead with some one. See מִשְׁפָּט.
(2) to plot against, to lay snares (Arab. Conj. II. compare above Kal No. 4), Psalms 127:5. Hence to destroy, 2 Chronicles 22:10 (compare אִבַּד in the parallel place, 2 Kings 11:1).
[“Note. In former editions, like A. Sehultens (Opp. Min. p. 124, al.), I have ascribed further to the verb דָּבַר in Piel the significations, to waylay, to plot against, also to destroy; comp. דֶּבֶר and Arab. دبّر followed by على motitus est in aliquem. But the three passages usually cited, do not necessarily make out this sense. Thus Genesis 34:13, וַיְרַבְּרוּ “and they spake,” sc. so בְּמִרְמָה deceitfully, as before. Psalms 127:5, “they shall not be ashamed when they shall talk with the enemies in the gate,” i.e. when they shall combat with enemies; corresponding to the Greek phrase συλλαλεῖν τινί, Isaiah 7:5, LXX.; compare also Heb. הִתְרָאָה 2 Kings 14:8 Comm. on Is.i. p. 280.-More difficult is 2 Chronicles 22:10, “and Athaliah arose, וַתְּדַבֵּר אֶת־כָּל־זֶרַע הַמַּמְלָכָה” in parall. 2 Kings 11:1, וַתְּאַבֵּד; here LXX. and Vulg. ἀπώλεσε, interfecit. But it can be rendered, and she talked with them, i.e. made war upon them; compare Psalms 127:5 or it may be ellipt. for וַתְּדַבֵּר מִשְׁפֶּטִים אֶת־כּ׳ i.e. she pronounced sentence upon them.” Ges. add. The reader may judge whether it be not preferable with Schultens to admit the sense of to destroy.]
Pual, pass. Psal. 87:3, נִכְבָּדוֹת מְדֻבָּר בֶּךְ “glorious things (decreed by God) are spoken of thee;” Song of Solomon 8:8, בַּיּוֹם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּר בָּהּ־ “when she shall be spoken for,” when she shall be asked in marriage; see Piel, letter d.
Niphal, recipr. of Piel, to speak together, to one another, Malachi 3:16 followed by בְּ Ezekiel 33:30; Psalms 119:23 and עַל Malachi 3:13.
Hiphil, to subdue (see Kal No. 2), Psal. 18:48, וַיַּדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּהְתַּי “who subdueth the people under me;” Psalms 47:4 see Kal No. 2.
Hithpael, part. מִדַּבֵּר speaking with, Numbers 7:89; 2 Samuel 14:13; Ezekiel 2:2.
[(2) “מִדַּבֶּרֶת what one has spoken;” see דַּבְּרָה.]
The derived nouns follow immediately, except דּבוֹרֳה, דְּבִיר, מִדְבָּר.