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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #599 - ἀποθνήσκω
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- to die
- of the natural death of man
- of the violent death of man or animals
- to perish by means of something
- of trees which dry up, of seeds which rot when planted
- of eternal death, to be subject to eternal misery in hell
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ἀποθνήσκω,
fut. -θᾰνοῦμαι, Ion. -θανέομαι or -εῦμαι Hdt. 3.143, 7.134: — strengthd. for θνῄσκω,
I die, Hom. (v. infr.), Pi. O. 1.27, and once in Trag. (E. Fr. 578.6); in Com. and Prose the usual form of the pres.; σεῦ ἀποτεθνηῶτος Il. 22.432; ἀποθνῄσκων περὶ φασγάνῳ Od. 11.424; βόες δ' ἀποτέθνασαν ἤδη 12.393; ἐκ τῶν τρωμάτων Hdt. 2.63; ὑπὸ λιμοῦ Th. 1.126: c. dat., βρόμῳ κεραυνοῦ Pi.l.c.; νόσῳ Th. 8.84: c. acc. cogn., θάνατον ἀ. X. Mem. 4.8.3, etc.; εἰς ἕτερον ζῆν ἀ. Pl. Ax. 365d; to be ready to die, of laughter, etc., Ar. Ach. 15; ἀ. τῷ δέει Arist. MM 1191a35.
II serving as Pass. of ἀποκτείνω, to be put to death, slain, ὑπό τινος Hdt. 1.137, 7.154; esp. by judicial sentence, ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως Lycurg. 93, cf. Pl. Ap. 29d, 32d,al., Arist. Rh. 1397a30 (v.l.).
III renounce, νόμῳ Galatians 2:19; ἀπό τινος Colossians 2:20.
ἀποθνῄσκω, imperfect ἀπέθνῃσκον (Luke 8:42); 2 aorist ἀπέθανον; future ἀποθανοῦμαι, Romans 5:7; John 8:21, 24 (see θνῄσκω); found in Greek writings from Homer down; to die (ἀπό, so as to be no more; (cf. Latinemorior; English die off or out, pass away); German absterben,versterben);
I. used properly
1. of the natural death of men: Matthew 9:24; Matthew 22:24; Luke 16:22; John 4:47; Romans 7:2, and very often; ἀποθνῄσκοντες ἀποθνῄσκοντες subject to death, mortal, Hebrews 7:8 (Buttmann, 206 (178)).
2. of the violent death — both of animals, Matthew 8:32, and of men, Matthew 26:35; Acts 21:13 etc.; 1 Peter 3:18 L T Tr WH text; ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρας, Hebrews 11:37; of the punishment of death, Hebrews 10:28; often of the violent death which Christ suffered, as John 12:33; Romans 5:6, etc.
3. Phrases: ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐκ τίνος, to perish by means of something, (cf. English to die of), Revelation 8:11; ἐν τῇ ἁμαρτία, ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις, fixed in sin, hence, to die unreformed, John 8:21, 24; ἐν τῷ Ἀδάμ by connection with Adam, 1 Corinthians 15:22; ἐν κυρίῳ in fellowship with, and trusting in, the Lord, Revelation 14:13; ἀποθνῄσκειν τί, to die a certain death, Romans 6:10 (θάνατον μακρόν, Chariton, p. 12, D'Orville edition (l. i. c. 8, p. 17, 6, Beck edition; cf. Winers Grammar, 227 (213); Buttmann, 149 (130))); τῇ ἁμαρτία, used of Christ, 'that he might not have to busy himself more with the sin of men,' Romans 6:10; ἑαυτῷ to become one's own master, independent, by dying, Romans 14:7 (cf. Meyer); τῷ κυρίῳ to become subject to the Lord's will by dying, Romans 14:8 (cf. Meyer); διά τινα i. e. to save one, 1 Corinthians 8:11; on the phrases ἀποθνῄσκειν περί and ὑπέρ τίνος, see περί, the passage cited δ. and ὑπέρ I. 2 and 3. Oratorically, although the proper signification of the verb is retained, καθ' ἡμέραν ἀποθνῄσκω I meet death daily, live daily in danger of death, 1 Corinthians 15:31, cf. 2 Corinthians 6:9.
4. of trees which dry up, Jude 1:12; of seeds, which while being resolved into their elements in the ground seem to perish by rotting, John 12:24; 1 Corinthians 15:36.
II. tropically, in various senses;
1. of eternal death, as it is called, i. e. to be subject to eternal misery, and that, too, already beginning on earth: Romans 8:13; John 6:50; John 11:26.
2. of moral death, in various senses;
a. to be deprived of real life, i. e. especially of the power of doing right, of confidence in God and the hope of future blessedness, Romans 7:10; of the spiritual torpor of those who have fallen from the fellowship of Christ, the fountain of true life, Revelation 3:2.
b. with the dative of the thing (cf. Winers Grammar, 210 (197); 428 (398); Buttmann, 178 (155)), to become wholly alienated from a thing, and freed from all connection with it: τῷ νόμῳ, Galatians 2:19, which must also be supplied with ἀποθανόντες (for so we must read for Rec.elz ἀποθανόντος) in Romans 7:6 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 159 (150)); τῇ ἁμαρτία, Romans 6:2 (in another sense in Romans 6:10; see I. 3 above); ἀπό τῶν στοιχείων τοῦ κόσμου so that your relation to etc. has passed away, Colossians 2:20 (ἀπό τῶν παθῶν, Porphyry, de abst. animal. 1, 41 (cf. Buttmann, 322 (277); Winer's Grammar, 370 (347))); true Christians are said simply ἀποθανεῖν, as having put off all sensibility to worldly things that draw them away from God, Colossians 3:3; since they owe this habit of mind to the death of Christ, they are said also ἀποθανεῖν σύν Χριστῷ, Romans 6:8; Colossians 2:20. (Compare: συναποθνῄσκω.)
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ἀπο -θνήσκω ,
[in LXX chiefly for H4191;]
to die: of natural death, Mark 5:35, al.; of violent death (pass. of ἀποκτείνω ), esp. of Christ, Matthew 26:35, John 12:33, Hebrews 10:28, al.; of spiritual death, John 6:50, Romans 8:13, al.; c. dat. ref., Romans 6:2; Romans 6:10; Romans 14:7-8, Galatians 2:19; acc, ὅ , Romans 6:10; seq. ἐν , Matthew 8:32, John 8:21; John 8:24, 1 Corinthians 15:22, Hebrews 11:37, Revelation 14:13; seq. ὑπέρ , περί , John 11:50-51; John 18:14, Romans 5:6-8; Romans 14:15, 1 Corinthians 15:3, 2 Corinthians 5:15, 1 Thessalonians 5:10, 1 Peter 3:18; ἀπὸ , Colossians 2:20; ἐκ , Revelation 8:11; fig., 1 Corinthians 15:31 (cf. συν -αποθνήσκω , and v. Milligan, NTD, 258 f.; DCG, i, 791b; Cremer, 286; MM, s.v.; on the perfective force of this verb, M, Pr., 112, 114; and on the distinction bet. pres. and aor., ib. 113 f.).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
On the reason why the perfect of this verb was τέθνηκα, not ἀποτέθνηκα, see Proleg. p. 114. Marcus Aurelius, it is true, uses ἀποτέθνηκα, a natural result of levelling when the simplex had become obsolete; but the editor of P Iand 9.5 (ii/A.D.) is not thereby justified in restoring ἀπο ]τε ̣θ ̣νῶτ [ο ̣ς. No other part of the simplex survives, and no other compound. An interesting instance of the word occurs in P Par 47.7 ff. (c. B.C. 153) (= Selections, p. 22) οἱ παρὰ σὲ θεοὶ. . . ὅτι ἐνβέβληκαν ὑμᾶς εἰς ὕλην μεγάλην καὶ οὗ δυνάμεθα ἀποθανεῖν, ";your gods (are false) because they have cast us into a great forest, where we may possibly die."; As a parallel to the Pauline usage in 1 Corinthians 15:31 may be noted the touching letter P Giss I. 17.9 (time of Hadrian), where a slave writes to her absent master, ἀποθνήσκομεν ὅτι οὐ βλέπομέν σε καθ᾽ ἡμέραν. The use of the present tense justifies one more citation, BGU IV. 1024iv. 9 (iv/v A.D.), where a ἡγεμών, passing sentence of death on a man who had disinterred a corpse, says he is less than a beast, καὶ γὰρ τὰ θηρία [τ ]οῖς μὲν ἀνθρώποις πρόσισιν, τῶν δὲ [ἀ ]ποθνησκόντων φίδοντα [ι ]. Here the meaning is ";spare them when they die"; : the pres. is frequentative, as in Hebrews 7:8 or Revelation 14:13. The MGr is ἀποθαίνω (or πεθαίνω etc.).
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.