Bible Lexicons

δίδωμι (διδῶ, Revelation 3:9 L T WH; (διδῶ Tr, yet see WH Appendix, p. 167)), 3 person plural διδοασι (Revelation 17:13 (not Rec.)), imperative δίδου (Matthew 5:42 R G); imperfect 3 person singular ἐδίδου, 3 person plural ἐδίδουν (ἐδίδοσαν, John 19:3 L T Tr WH (see ἔχω)); future δώσω; 1 aorist ἔδωκα (2 person singular ἐδωκες, John 17:7 Tr marginal reading, 8 Tr marginal reading; cf. references under the word κοπιάω), subjunctive δώσῃ (and δώσωμεν) from an imaginary indicative form ἐδωσα (Mark 6:37 T Tr marginal reading); John 17:2 (Tr marginal reading WH δώσει); Revelation 8:3 (L T Tr WH δώσει; cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 720f; Buttmann, 36 (31); Winers Grammar, 79 (76); (Veitch, under the word δίδωμι at the end, also Sophocles Lexicon, under the word, and especially the Introduction, p. 40; WH's Appendix, p. 172)); perfect δέδωκα (on the interchange between the forms of the pf and of the aorist in this verb cf. Buttmann, 199 (172)); pluperfect ἐδεδώκειν and without augment (Winers Grammar, § 12, 9; Buttmann, 33 (29)) δεδώκειν, Mark 14:44; and L text T Tr WH in Luke 19:15; 3 person plural δεδώκεισαν, John 11:57; 2 aorist subjunctive 3 person singular δῷ (δῴη, John 15:16 Tr marginal reading; Ephesians 1:17 WH marginal reading; 2 Timothy 2:25 L WH marginal reading; δοῖ, Mark 8:37 T Tr WH; cf. Buttmann, 46 (40); WH's Appendix, p. 168; Kuenen and Cobet, praef., p. lxi.), plural δῶμεν, δῶτε, δῶσιν, optative 3 person singular δῴη for δοιή, Romans 15:5; (2 Thessalonians 3:16); 2 Timothy 1:16, 18; ( T Tr WH text; Ephesians 1:17 R G; R G) and elsewhere among the variants ((cf. Winers Grammar, § 14, 1 g.; Buttmann, 46 (40), cf. § 139, 37 and 62); see (WHs Appendix, as above; Tdf. Proleg., p. 122;) Lob. ad Phryn., p. 346; (Kühner, § 282 Anm. 2; Veitch, under the word δίδωμι at the end)), imperative δός, δότε, infinitive δοῦναι, participle δούς; passive, perfect δέδομαι; 1 aorist ἐδοθην; 1 future δοθήσομαι; cf. Buttmann, 45f (39f); (WH as above): In the Sept. times without number for נָתַן, sometimes for שׂוּם; and for Chaldean יְהַב; (from Homer down); to give;

A. absolutely and generally: μακάριον ἐστι μᾶλλον διδόναι, ἡ λαμβάνειν, Acts 20:35.

B. In construction;

I. τίνι τί, to give something to some one — in various senses;

1. of one's own accord to give one something, to his advantage; to bestow, give as a gift: Matthew 4:9; Luke 1:32; Luke 12:32, and often δόματα (cf. Buttmann, 148 (129)), Matthew 7:11; Luke 11:13; Ephesians 4:8 (Psalm 67:19 ()); τά ὑπάρχοντα what thou hast τοῖς πτωχοῖς, Matthew 19:21; χρήματα, Acts 24:26.

2. to grant, give to one asking, let have: Matthew 12:39; Matthew 14:7; Matthew 16:4; Matthew 20:23; Mark 6:22, 25; Mark 8:12; Mark 10:40; Luke 11:29; Luke 15:16; John 11:22; John 14:16; John 15:16; John 16:23; Acts 3:6; James 1:5; (noteworthy is 1 John 5:16 δώσει (namely, probably ὁ Θεός) αὐτῷ ζωήν τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν, etc., where αὐτῷ seems to be an ethical dative and τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν dependent on the verb; see Buttmann, 133 (116) note, cf. 179 (156); Winer's Grammar, 523 (487), cf. 530 (494)); in contradistinction from what one claims: John 3:27; John 19:11.

3. to supply, furnish, necessary things: as ἄρτον τίνι, Matthew 6:11; Luke 11:3; John 6:32, 51; τροφήν, Matthew 24:45; βρῶσιν, John 6:27; besides in Matthew 25:15, 28; Mark 2:26; Mark 4:25; Luke 6:4; Luke 8:18; Luke 12:42; Luke 19:24, 26; John 4:10, 14, 15; Ephesians 6:19.

4. to give over, deliver, i. e., a. to reach out, extend, present: as Matthew 14:19; Matthew 17:27; Mark 6:41; Mark 14:22; Luke 9:16; Luke 22:19; τό ψωμίον, John 13:26; τό ποτήριον, John 18:11; Revelation 16:19; τάς χεῖρας διδόναι, to give one the hand, Acts 9:41; Galatians 2:9.

b. of a writing: ἀποστάσιον, Matthew 5:31.

c. to give to one's care, intrust, commit; aa. something to be administered; universally: παντί ᾧ ἐδόθη πολύ, Luke 12:48; property, money, Matthew 25:15; Luke 19:13, 15; ἀμπελῶνα, a vineyard to be cultivated, Mark 12:9; Luke 20:16; τάς κλείς (κλεῖδας) τεσς βασιλείας. Matthew 16:19; τήν κρίσιν, John 5:22; κρίμα, Revelation 20:4; τήν ἐξουσίαν ἑαυτῶν, Revelation 17:13 (not Rec.); τά ἔργα, ἵνα τελειώσω αὐτά, John 5:36; τό ἔργον, ἵνα ποιήσω, John 17:4; τό ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ, to be declared, John 17:11 (not Rec., John 17:12 T Tr WH). bb. to give or commit to some one something to be religiously observed: διαθήκην περιτομῆς, Acts 7:8; τήν περιτομήν, the ordinance of circumcision, John 7:22; τόν νόμον, John 7:19; λόγια ζῶντα, Acts 7:38.

5. to give what is due or obligatory, to pay: wages or reward, Matthew 20:4, 14; Matthew 26:15; Revelation 11:18; ἀργύριον, as a reward, Mark 14:11; Luke 22:5; taxes, tribute, tithes, etc.: Matthew 17:27; Matthew 22:17; Mark 12:14 (15); Luke 20:22; Luke 23:2; Hebrews 7:4; θυσίαν namely, τῷ κυρίῳ, Luke 2:24 (θυσίαν ἀποδοῦναι τῷ Θεῷ, Josephus, Antiquities 7, 9, 1); λόγον, render account, Romans 14:12 (L text Tr text ἀποδοῦναι).

6. δίδωμι is joined with nouns denoting an act or an effeet; and a. the act or effect of him who gives, in such a sense that what he is said διδόναι (either absolutely or with the dative of person) he is conceived of as effecting, or as becoming its author. Hence, δίδωμι joined with a noun can often be changed into an active verb expressing the effecting of that which the noun denotes. Thus, διδόναι αἶνον τῷ Θεῷ is equivalent to αἰνεῖν τόν Θεόν, Luke 18:43; ἀπόκρισιν τίνι equivalent to ἀποκρίνεσθαι, John 1:22; John 19:9; ἐγκοπήν δοῦναι τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ equivalent to ἐνκόπτειν τό εὐαγγέλιον, to hinder (the progress of) the gospel, 1 Corinthians 9:12; ἐντολήν τίνι equivalent to ἐντέλλεσθαι τίνι John 11:57; John 12:49; John 13:34; 1 John 3:23; δόξαν τίνι equivalent to δοξάζειν τίνι (see δόξα, II.); ἐργασίαν, after the Latinoperam dare, take pains, (A. V. give diligence), equivalent to ἐργάζεσθαι, Luke 12:58 (συμβούλιον, cf. the Latinconsilium dare, equivalent to συμβουλεύεσθαι, Mark 3:6 Tr text WH text); διαστολήν τίνι i. q διαστέλλειν τί, 1 Corinthians 14:7; παραγγελίαν, 1 Thessalonians 4:2 παράκλησιν, 2 Thessalonians 2:16; ἔλεος equivalent to ἐληιν, 2 Timothy 1:16, 18 ἀγάπην, show (A. V. bestow), 1 John 3:1; ἐκδίκησιν 2 Thessalonians 1:8; βασανισμόν, Revelation 18:7; ῤάπισμα equivalent to ῥαπίζειν τινα, John 18:22; John 19:3; φίλημα equivalent to φιλεῖν τινα, Luke 7:45. or b. the noun denotes something to be done by him to whom it is said to be given: διδόναι τίνι μετάνοιαν, to cause him to repent, Acts 5:31; Acts 11:18; γνῶσιν σωτηρίας,Luke 1:77; ἐλπίδα τίνι, 2 Thessalonians 2:16.

7. Joined with nouns denoting strength, faculty, power, virtue, δίδωμι (τίνι τί) is equivalent to: to furnish, endue, (one with a thing): Luke 21:15 (δώσω ὑμῖν στόμα καί σοφίαν); Acts 7:10; ἐξουσίαν, Matthew 9:8; Matthew 10:1; Luke 10:19; John 17:2; Revelation 2:26; Revelation 6:8; Revelation 13:7; διάνοιαν, 1 John 5:20; σύνεσιν, 2 Timothy 2:7; and in the very common phrase διδόναι τό πνεῦμα. (I'. διδόναι τίνι τίνος to give to one (a part) of etc.: Revelation 2:17 (G L T Tr WH) δώσω αὐτῷ τοῦ μάννα, cf. Winers Grammar, 198 (186); Buttmann, 159 (139).)

II. δίδωμι τί without a dative, and δίδωμι τινα.

1. δίδωμι τί;

a. with the force of to cause, produce, give forth from oneself: ὑετόν, from heaven, James 5:18; καρπόν, Matthew 13:8; Mark 4:7, 8f (Deuteronomy 25:19; Sir. 23:25); σημεῖα, Matthew 24:24; Mark 13:22 (not Tdf.); Acts 2:19 (Exodus 7:9; Deuteronomy 13:1, etc.); ὑπόδειγμα, John 13:15; φέγγος, Matthew 24:29; Mark 13:24 (φῶς, Isaiah 13:10); φωνήν, 1 Corinthians 14:7f; διά τῆς γλώσσης λόγον, 1 Corinthians 14:9; γνώμην, to give one's opinion, to give advice, 1 Corinthians 7:25; 2 Corinthians 8:10.

b. διδόναι κλήρους (גּורָל נָתַן, Leviticus 16:8), to give, i. e. hand out lots, namely, to be cast into the urn (see κλῆρος, 1), Acts 1:26.

c. δίδωμι τί with the predicate accusative: Matthew 20:28; Mark 10:45 (to give up as a λύτρον); Matthew 16:26; Mark 8:37 (to pay as an equivalent).

2. δίδωμι τινα;

a. where the noun refers to the office one bears, to appoint: κριτάς, Acts 13:20.

b. to cause to come forth: δίδωμι ἐκ τῆς συναγωγῆς τοῦ Σατανᾶ τῶν λεγόντων (namely, τινας (cf. Buttmann, 158 (138); Winer's Grammar, § 59, 4 b.)), Revelation 3:9; so also the sea, death, Hades, are said to give (up) the dead who have been engulfed or received by them, Revelation 20:13.

3. δίδωμι τινα τίνι;

a. to give one to some one as his own: as the object of his saving care, Hebrews 2:13; to give one to someone, to follow him as a leader and master, John 6:37, 39; John 10:29; John 17:6, 9, 12 (but see B. I. 4.

c. aa. above), ; ; in these passages God is said to have given certain men to Christ, i. e. to have disposed them to acknowledge Christ as the author and medium of their salvation, and to enter into intimate relations with him, hence Christ calls them 'his own' (τά ἐμά, John 10:14).

b. to give one to some one to care for his interests: John 3:16 (ἔδωκεν namely, αὐτῷ, i. e. τῷ κόσμῳ); Acts 13:21.

c. to give one to some one to whom he already belonged, to return: Luke 7:15 ( ἀπεδωκε (so L marginal reading in Luke 7:15)).

d. δίδωμι ἐμαυτόν τίνι, to one demanding of me something, I give myself up as it were; an hyperbole for disregarding entirely my private interests, I give as much as ever I can: 2 Corinthians 8:5.

4. δίδωμι τινα with a predicate accusative: ἑαυτόν τύπον, to render or set forth oneself as an example, 2 Thessalonians 3:9; with a predicate of dignity, office, function, and a dative of the person added for whose benefit some one invested with said dignity or office is given, that is, is bestowed: αὐτόν ἔδωκεν κεφαλήν ὑπέρ πάντα τῇ ἐκκλησία, head over all things to the church, Ephesians 1:22; ἔδωκεν τούς μέν ἀποστόλους κτλ., namely, τῇ ἐκκλησία, Ephesians 4:11. For in neither of these passages are we obliged, with many interpreters, to translate the word appointed, made, after the use of the Hebrew נָתַן; especially since in the second Paul seems wish to confirm the words quoted in Ephesians 4:8, ἔδωκε δόματα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις. Those in the church whom Christ has endued with gifts and functions for the common advantage the apostle reckons among the δόματα given by him after his ascension to heaven.

III. Phrases in which to the verb δίδωμι, either standing alone or joined to cases, there is added:

1. an infinitive, either alone or with an accusative; δίδωμι τίνι followed by an infinitive denoting the object: δίδωμι τίνι φαγεῖν, give, supply, something to eat, give food (Buttmann, 261 (224); Winer's Grammar, 318f (299)), Matthew 14:18; Matthew 25:35, 42; Mark 6:37; Mark 5:43; Luke 8:55; Luke 9:13; Revelation 2:7; πιεῖν, John 4:7, 10; with the addition of an object accusative depending on the φαγεῖν or πιεῖν: Matthew 27:34; Mark 15:23 (R G L); with an accusative added depending on the verb δίδωμι: John 6:31 Revelation 16:6; followed by an infinitive indicating design (cf. Buttmann, as above), to grant or permit one to etc.: Luke 1:73f (δοῦναι ἡμῖν ἀφόβως λατρεύειν αὐτῷ); John 5:26; Acts 4:29; Romans 15:5; Ephesians 3:16; Revelation 3:21; Revelation 6:4; Revelation 7:2; (followed by εἰς, with the infinitive: Romans 15:16, cf. Buttmann, 265 (228)); by a construction borrowed from the Hebrew, καί δώσω τοῖς ... καί προφητεύσουσι, Revelation 11:3; in the passive, Matthew 13:12; Mark 4:11 (ὑμῖν δέδοται γνῶναι (G L T Tr WH omit γνῶναι) to you it has been granted etc.); followed by the accusative and the infinitive: δῴη (L T Tr WH δῷ) ὑμῖν ... κατοικῆσαι τόν Χριστόν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν, Ephesians 3:16f; ἔδωκεν αὐτόν ἐμφανῆ γενέσθαι, Acts 10:40; οὐ δώσεις τόν ὅσιον σου ἰδεῖν διαφθοράν (from Psalm 15:10 (), Acts 2:27; Acts 13:35.

2. δίδωμι τίνι, followed by ἵνα, to grant or permit, that, etc. (Buttmann, 238 (205) Winer's Grammar, 337 (316), cf. 545 (507)): Mark 10:37; Revelation 19:8. to commission, Revelation 9:5.

IV. δίδωμι τί, or τίνι τί, or τίνι or τινα, followed by a preposition with a noun (or pronoun);

1. τίνι ἐκ τίνος (cf. Winers Grammar, § 28, 1; Buttmann, 159 (139)): δότε ἡμῖν (a part) ἐκ τοῦ ἐλαίου ὑμῶν, Matthew 25:8; ἐκ τῶν ἄρτων, easily to be supplied from the context, Mark 2:26; Luke 6:4; ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν, 1 John 4:13; otherwise in John 3:34 ὁ Θεός οὐ δίδωσι τό πνεῦμα ἐκ μέτρου, by measure, i. e. according to measure, moderately (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 51, 1 d.); otherwise in Revelation 3:9 δίδωμι ἐκ τῆς συναγωγῆς (see II. 2 b. above). τίνι ἀπό τίνος: Luke 20:10 ἵνα ἀπό τί καρποῦ τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος δῶσιν (L T Tr WH δώσουσιν) αὐτῷ, namely, the portion due. Τί followed by εἰς with a noun, to give something to put into, Luke 6:38 μέτρον δώσουσιν εἰς τόν κόλπον ὑμῶν (shall they give, i. e. pour into your bosom), or upon, Luke 15:22 δότε δακτύλιον εἰς τήν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ (put a ring on his hand); εἰς τόν ἀγρόν, for the field, to pay its price, Matthew 27:10; τίνι τί εἰς τάς χεῖρας, to commit a thing to one, deliver it into one's power: John 13:3 (Hebrew פּ בְּיַד נָתַן, Genesis 9:2; Genesis 14:20; Exodus 4:21); εἰς τήν διάνοιαν, or ἐπί τάς καρδίας (Jeremiah 38:33 ()), put into the mind, fasten upon the heart, Hebrews 8:10; Hebrews 10:16; or εἰς τῆς καρδίας with an infinitive of the thing, Revelation 17:17; (Xenophon, Cyril 8, 2, 20 διδόναι τίνι τί εἰς τήν ψυχήν). ἑαυτόν διδόναι εἰς with the accusative of place, to betake oneself somewhere, to go into some place: Acts 19:31 (εἰς τόπους παραβολους, Polybius 5, 14, 9; εἰς τόπους τραχεῖς, Diodorus 14, 81; εἰς τάς ἐρημίας, Diodorus 5, 59; Josephus, Antiquities 15, 7, 7; εἰς κώμην τινα, Josephus, Antiquities 7, 9, 7).

2. δίδωμι τί ἐν τίνι, i. e. to be or remain in, so that it is in (cf. Winers Grammar, 414 (386); Buttmann, 329 (283)): ἐν τῇ χειρί τίνος, John 3:35; ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις, 2 Corinthians 1:22; ἐν τῇ καρδία τίνος, 2 Corinthians 8:16 (cf. 1 Kings 10:24); εἰρήνην δοῦναι ἐν τῇ γῆ to bring peace to be on earth, Luke 12:51.

3. δίδωμι τί ὑπέρ τίνος, give up for etc. (cf. Winer's Grammar, 383f (358f)): John 6:51; ἑαυτόν ὑπέρ τίνος, Titus 2:14; ἑαυτόν ἀντίλυτρον ὑπέρ τίνος, 1 Timothy 2:6; ἑαυτόν περί (R WH text ὑπέρ; cf. περί, the passage cited δ.) τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν, for sins, i. e. to expiate them, Galatians 1:4.

4. διδόναι τίνι κατά τά ἔργα, τήν πρᾶξιν, to give one according to his works, to render to one the reward of his deeds: Revelation 2:23 (Psalm 27:4 ()); (cf. ἀποδώσει Matthew 16:27; Romans 2:6).

5. Hebraistically, δέδωκα ἐνώπιον σου θύραν ἀνεῳγμένην I have set before thee a door opened, i. e. have caused the door to be open to thee, Revelation 3:8. [SYNONYMS: διδόναι, δωρεῖσθαι: διδόναι, to give in general, antithetic to λαμβάνειν; δωρεῖσθαι specific, to bestow, present; διδόναι might be used even of evils, but δωρεῖσθαι could be used of such things only ironically; see δόμα, at the end. Compare: ἀναδίδωμι, ἀποδίδωμι, ἀνταποδίδωμι, διαδιαδωμι, ἐκδίδωμι, ἐπιδίδωμι μεταδίδωμι, παραδίδωμι προδίδωμι.]