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Bible Encyclopedias
Shoe
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
( נִעִל naal, so called from fastening on the foot, everywhere so rendered, except once [Isaiah 11:15], "dryshod" but in Deuteronomy 33:25 מַנְעָל, minal, which probably means a bolt, as elsewhere ["lock," Nehemiah 3:3; Nehemiah 3:6; Nehemiah 3:13-15; Song of Solomon 5:5]; ὑπόδημα ), properly a sandal. It does not seem probable that the foot coverings of the Hebrews differed much from those used in Egypt, excepting, perhaps, that from the greater roughness of their country they were usually of more substantial make and materials. The Egyptian sandals varied slightly in form: those worn by the upper classes, and by women, were usually pointed and turned up at the end like our skates and many of the Eastern slippers at the present day. They were made of a sort of woven or interlaced work of palm leaves and papyrus stalks or other similar materials, and sometimes of leather; and were frequently lined with cloth on which the figure of a captive was painted, that humiliating position being, considered suited to the enemies of their country, whom they hated and despised. It is not likely that the Jews adopted this practice; but the idea which it expressed, of treading their enemies under their feet, was familiar to them (Joshua 10:24). Those of the middle classes who were in the habit of wearing sandals often preferred walking barefooted. Shoes, or low boots, are sometimes found at Thebes; but these are believed by Sir J.G. Wilkinson to have been of late date and to have belonged to Greeks, since no persons are represented in the paintings as wearing them except foreigners. They were of leather, generally of a green color, laced in front by thongs, which passed through small loops on either side, and were principally used, as in Greece and Etruria, by women (Wilkinson, 3, 374- 367). The Assyrian monuments represent shoes of a similar character, but worn by natives, especially princes.
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