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Furnace

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Lexicons
• ܐܰܬ݁ܽܘܢܳܐ
• ܬ݁ܰܢܽܘܪܳܐ
• κάμινος
• κλίβανος
• אַתוּּן
• כִּבְשָׁן
• כוּרּ
•   (only first 3 shown)

is the rendering in the Engl. Vers. of the following words. (See BURNING).

1. אִתּוּן׃, attun' (a Chald. term, of uncertain, prob. foreign derivation; Sept. κάμινος ), a large furnace, with a wide opening at the top to cast in the materials (Daniel 3:22-23), and a door at the ground by which the metal might be extracted (Daniel 3:26). It was probably built like the Roman kiln for baking pottery-ware (Smith, Dict. of Class. Antiq. s.v. Fornax). The Persians were in the habit of using the furnace as a means of inflicting capital punishment (Daniel 3; comp. Jeremiah 29:22; 2 Maccabees 7:5; Hosea 7:7; see Hoffmann, De flamma furni Babylonici, Jen. 1668). A parallel case is mentioned by Chardin (Voyage en Perse, 4:276), two ovens having been kept ready heated for a whole month to throw in any bakers who took advantage of the dearth. (See PUNISHMENT).

2. כַּבְשָׁן, kibshan' (so called from subduing the stone or ore), a smelting or calcining furnace (Genesis 19:28), perhaps also a brick-kiln (Exodus 9:8; Exodus 9:10; Exodus 19:18); but especially a lime-kiln, the use of which was evidently well known to the Hebrews (Isaiah 33:12; Amos 2:1). (See BRICK);(See LIME).

3. כּוּר , kur (so called from its boiling up), a refining furnace (Proverbs 17:3; Proverbs 27:21; Ezekiel 22:18 sq.), metaphorically applied to a state of trial (Deuteronomy 4:20; 1 Kings 8:51; Isaiah 48:10; Jeremiah 11:4). The form of it was probably similar to the one used in Egypt (Wilkinson, Anc. Eg. 2:137, abridgm.). The jeweller appears to have had a little portable furnace and blowpipe, which he carried about with him, as is still the case in India. (See METALLURGY).

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