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Bible Encyclopedias
Fox
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
is the rendering in the A.V. of שׁוּעָל (shual' Sept. ἀλόπηξ, as in Matthew 8:20; Luke 9:58; Luke 13:32; Judges 15:4; Nehemiah 4:3; Psalms 63:10; Song of Solomon 2:15; Lamentations 5:18; Ezekiel 13:4), a name derived, according to Bochart (Hieroz. 2:190), from the coughing or yelping of that animal, but, according to Gesenius (Thes. Heb. page 1457), from its digging or burrowing under the ground. The latter remarks that jackals must be meant in Judges 15:4, since the fox is with great difficulty taken alive; and also in Psalms 63:11, inasmuch as foxes do not feed on dead bodies, which are a favorite repast for the jackal. There is also another word, אַיִּים (iyim', literally howlers, occurs only in Isaiah 13:32; 34:14; Jeremiah 1: 39, where it is rendered "wild beasts of the islands"), which seems to refer to the jackal, or some other species of the fox family. Fox is again the translation of ἀλώπηξ in Matthew 8:20; Luke 9:5-8; Luke 13:32; but here also the word in the original texts may apply generically to several species rather than to one only. (See ANIMAL).
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