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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary
Strong's #4098 - πίπτω
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πίπτω,
Aeol. πίσσω, acc. to Gramm. in Hilgard Exc. ex libris Herodiani p.28 (cf. Hdn.Gr.2.377 note); poet. subj. πίπτῃσι Pl.Com. 153.5: Ep. impf. πῖπτον Il. 8.67, etc. (for the quantity of ι cf. Hdn. Gr. 2.10 ); Ion. πίπτεσκον ( συμ -) Emp. 59.2: fut. πεσοῦμαι A. Ch. 971 (lyr.), etc.; Ion. 3 pl. πεσέονται Il. 11.824, 3 sg. πεσέεται Hdt. 7.163, 168: aor. ἔπεσον, inf. πεσεῖν, Il. 13.178, etc.; 2 sg. opt. πεσοίης Polem. Call. 10.14; Aeol. and Dor. ἔπετον Alc. 60, Pi. O. 7.69, P. 5.50, ( κάπετον ) O. 8.38, ( ἐμ -) P. 8.81, cf. Isyll. 8, IG 14.642 ( Thurii ); in later writers ἔπεσα, Orph. A. 521, LXX Leviticus 9:24, al., f.l. in E. Tr. 291 ( προς -): pf. πέπτωκα A. Eu. 147, Ar. Ra. 970, etc.; Ep. part. πεπτεώς, εῶτος (the εω forming one syll. by synizesis), Il. 21.503, etc.; also πεπτηώς, ηυῖα, Od. 14.354, Simon. 183.7, Hp. Mul. 1.69, A.R. 4.1298, AP 7.427 (Antip. Sid.), cf. πτήσσω; Trag. part. πεπτώς S. Aj. 828, Ant. 697 . (Redupl. from πετ -, which appears in Aeol. and Dor. aor. ἔ-πετ-ον (v. supr.), and the poet. form πίτ-νω; cogn. with πέτομαι, q.v.) Radical sense, fall down, and (when intentional) cast oneself down, πρηνέα πεσεῖν, ὕπτιος πέσεν, Il. 6.307, 15.435, etc.; νιφάδες . . π. θαμειαί 12.278; ὀπίσω πέσεν Od. 12.410; etc.: — Constr., with Preps., in Hom. almost always ἐν . ., ἐν κονίῃσι π . fall in the dust, i.e. to rise no more, Il. 11.425, cf. 13.205; ἐν αἵματι καὶ κονίῃσι πεπτεῶτας Od. 22.384; π. ἐν ἀγκοίνῃσί τινος fall into his arms, Hes. Fr. 142.5; ἐν χθονὶ πεπτηώς Simon.l.c. (cf. πτήσσω ) π. ἐν δεμνίοις E. Or. 35, cf. A. Pers. 125 (lyr.) (v. infr. B. 1): rare in Prose, π. ἐν ποταμῷ X. Ages. 1.32: c. dat. only, πεδίῳ πέσε Il. 5.82; δεμνίοις π . E. Or. 88 (s. v.l.); π. ἐπὶ χθονί Od. 24.535; οὐδέ οἱ ὕπνος πῖπτεν ἐπὶ βλεφάροις Hes. Fr. 188.4; ἐπὶ γᾷ S. Ant. 134 (lyr.); πρὸς πέδῳ E. Ba. 605; πρὸς ἀγκάλαις Id. Ion 962; ἀμφὶ σώμασίν τινων A. Ag. 326: with a Prep. of motion first in Hes., Πληϊάδες π. ἐς πόντον Op. 620; [ ποταμὸς] εἰς ἅλα Th. 791; εἰς ἄντλον E. Hec. 1025 (lyr.); ἐπὶ γᾶν π. αἷμα A. Ag. 1019 (lyr.); ἐπὶ στόμα X. Cyn. 10.13; πρὸς οὖδας E. Hec. 405 .
2. in Hom. with Advs. of motion as well as of rest, χαμάδις π . Il. 7.16, 15.714, etc.; χαμαὶ π . 4.482, cf. 14.418, etc.; π. ἔραζε 12.156, cf. Od. 22.280 .
3. with Preps. denoting the point from which one falls, ἀπ' ὤμων χαμαὶ πέσε Il. 16.803; ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ A. Fr. 44.3; ἀπό τινος ὄνου Pl. Lg. 701d; ἐκ χειρῶν π. ἡνία Il. 5.583; π. ἐκ νηός Od. 12.417; πεσὼν ἐκ νηὸς ἀποφθίμην ἐνὶ πόντῳ 10.51 .
4. Geom., of perpendiculars or parts of applied figures, π. ἐπί τι fall upon, Euc. 3.11, Archim. Fluit. 2.8, al., Apollon.Perg. Con. 1.2; but π. ἐπί τι, ποτί τι, intersect, meet, Archim. Con.Sph. 16, Spir. 15; π. διά τινος pass through, Id. Con.Sph. 17; π. κατά τινος Id. Sph.Cyl. 1 Def. 2; ἐπί τι κατά τινα Apollon.Perg. Con. 1.2 .
Special usages:
I πίπτειν ἔν τισι fall violently upon, attack, ἐνὶ νήεσσι πέσωμεν Il. 13.742 (but ἐν νήεσσι πεσόντες tumbling into the ships, 2.175 ); ἐν βουσὶ π . S. Aj. 375 (lyr.); Ἔρως, ὃς ἐν κτήμασι π . Id. Ant. 782 (lyr.); ἐπ' ἀλλήλοισι, of combatants, Hes. Sc. 379, cf. 375; πρὸς μῆλα καὶ ποίμνας S. Aj. 1061; πρὸς πύλαις A. Th. 462 .
2. throw oneself down, fall down, πρὸς βρέτη θεῶν ib. 185; ἀμφὶ σὸν γόνυ E. Hec. 787; ἐς γόνατα on one's knees, of a wrestler, Simon. 156; ἐς τὸν ὦμον Ar. Eq. 571 .
II fall in battle, πῖπτε δὲ λαός Il. 8.67, etc.; οἱ πεπτωκότες the fallen, X. Cyr. 1.4.24; νέκυες πίπτοντες Il. 10.200; νεκροὶ περὶ νεκροῖς πεπτωκότες E. Ph. 881; πεσήματα . . πέπτωκε δοριπετῆ νεκρῶν Id. Andr. 653; π. ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων Hdt. 9.67; ὡς . . θάμνοι πρόρριζοι πίπτουσι . ., ὣς ἄρ' ὑπ' Ἀτρεΐδῃ πῖπτε κάρηνα Τρώων Il. 11.157, cf. 500, etc.; τὸ Περσῶν ἄνθος οἴχεται πεσόν A. Pers. 252 .
2. fall, be ruined, δόμον δοκοῦντα κάρτα νῦν πεπτωκέναι Id. Ch. 263, cf. Pl. Phlb. 22 e; πεσεῖν . . πτώματ' οὐκ ἀνασχετά A. Pr. 919, cf. Pl. La. 181b; στάντες τ' ἐς ὀρθὸν καὶ πεσόντες ὕστερον S. OT 50; ἀβουλίᾳ, ἐξ ἀβουλίας π ., Id. El. 429, 398; ἀπὸ σμικροῦ κακοῦ Id. Aj. 1078; of an army, μεγάλα πεσόντα πρήγματα ὑπὸ ἡσσόνων Hdt. 7.18, cf. Th. 2.89; ὁ Ξέρξεω στρατὸς αὐτὸς ὑπ' ἑωυτοῦ ἔπιπτε Hdt. 8.16; of a city, π. δορί E. Hec. 5 .
3. fall, sink, ἄνεμος πέσε the wind fell, Od. 19.202 (but in Hes. Op. 547, Βορέαο πεσόντος is used for ἐμπεσόντος, falling on, blowing on one): metaph, πέπτωκεν κομπάσματα A. Th. 794, cf. S. Ant. 474: c. dat., ταῖς ἐλπίσι πεσεῖν fail in one's hopes, Plb. 1.87.1 .
4. fall short, fail, Pl. Phd. 100e; of a playwright, fail, Ar. Eq. 540 .
III πίπτειν ἔκ τινος fall out of, lose a thing, unintentionally, σοι ἐκ θυμοῦ πεσέειν fall out of, lose thy favour, Il. 23.595; ἐξ ἐλπίδων π . E. Fr. 420.5; τοὔμπαλιν π. φρενῶν Id. Hipp. 390; also of set purpose, ἐξ ἀρκύων π . escape from . ., A. Eu. 147; ἔξω τῶν κακῶν Ar. Ra. 970 .
2. reversely, πολλὴν ἐς κακότητα π . Thgn. 42; εἰς ἄτην Sol. 13.68; εἰς δουλοσύνην Id. 9.4; ἐς δάκρυα Hdt. 6.21; ἐς νόσον A. Pr. 478; εἰς ἔρον, ἔριν, ὀργήν, φόβον, ἀνάγκας, E. IT 1172, Fr. 578.8, Or. 696, Ph. 69, Th. 3.82; also ἐν γυιοπέδαις π . Pi. P. 2.41; ἐν μέσοις ἀρκυστάτοις S. El. 1476; ἐν φόβῳ E. Or. 1418 (lyr.); ἐν σολοικισμῷ Luc. Song of Solomon 3:1-11; πρὸς τόλμαν S. Ichn. 11: c. dat. only, π. δυσπραξίαις Id. Aj. 759; αἰσχύνῃ Id. Tr. 597, etc.; οὐκ ἔχω ποῖ γνώμης πέσω I know not which way to turn, ib. 705 .
3. εἰς ὕπνον π . fall asleep, Id. Ph. 826; but ἐν ὕπνῳ Pi. I. 4(3).23; simply ὕπνῳ, A. Eu. 68 .
4. π. εἰς (ἰατρικὴν) χρῆσιν to be applied to (medicinal) use, Dsc. 5.19,151,al.
5. π. ὑπ' αἴσθησιν to be accessible to perception, Iamb. Comm.Math. 8, in Nic. p.7 P.
πίπτειν μετὰ ποσσὶ γυναικός to fall between her feet, i.e. to be born, Il. 19.110 . of the dice, τὰ δεσποτῶν εὖ πεσόντα θήσομαι I shall count my master's lucky throws my own, A. Ag. 32; ἀεὶ γὰρ εὖ πίπτουσιν οἱ Διὸς κύβοι S. Fr. 895; ὥσπερ οἱ κύβοι· οὐ ταὔτ' ἀεὶ πίπτουσιν Alex. 34; ὥσπερ ἐν πτώσει κύβων πρὸς τὰ πεπτωκότα τίθεσθαι τὰ πράγματα according to the throws, Pl. R. 604c; ὄνασθαι πρὸς τὰ νῦν π . E. Hipp. 718; πρὸς τὸ πῖπτον as matters fall out, Id. El. 639; of tossing up with oystershells, κἂν μὲν πίπτῃσι τὰ λεύκ' ἐπάνω Pl.Com. 153.5; of lots, ὁ κλῆρος π. τινί or παρά τινα, Pl. R. 619e, 617e; ἐπί τινα Acts 1:26 : Astrol., π. καλῶς ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης Vett. Val. 7.15 .
2. generally, fall, turn out, εὖ πίπτειν to be lucky, E. Or. 603; παρὰ γνώμαν π . Pi. O. 12.10; of a battle, καραδοκήσοντα τὴν μάχην τῇ πεσέεται to wait and see how it would fall, Hdt. 7.163, cf. 8.130; λόγων κορυφαὶ ἐν ἀλαθείᾳ π. turn out true, Pi. O. 7.69; συμφοραὶ παντοῖαι πίπτουσαι παντοίως Pl. Lg. 709a .
3. fall to one, i.e. to his lot, esp. of revenues, accrue, τῷ δήμῳ πρόσοδος ἔπιπτε Plb. 30.31.7; φησιν . . ἑξακισχίλια τάλαντα τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις πεσεῖν Id. 2.62.1; τὴν πεπτωκότα (sic) μοι οἰκίαν BGU 251.12 (ii A. D.); τὰ πίπτοντα διάφορα ἐκ τῶν μυστηρίων IG 5(1).1390.45 (Andania, i B. C. ); τὸ πεσὸν ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς ἀργύριον D.H. 20.17; to be paid, τῶν εἰς Καίσαρα πίπτειν ὀφειλόντων ἐξεταστής Str. 17.1.12; τὰ πεπτωκότα εἰς τὸ . . ἱερόν PEleph. 10.2 (iii B. C.); π. ἐπὶ τράπεζαν PCair.Zen. 236.7 (iii B. C.), PLond. 3.1200.1 (ii B. C.); μὴ πιπτόντων τῶν τόκων BMus.Inscr. 1032.40 ( Teos ); πέπτωκεν ἁλικῆς διά τινος . . Ostr.Bodl. i3 (iii B. C.) (but τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν προσόδων πίπτοντα deficiencies, IPE 12.32 B 75 ( Olbia )). fall, of a date or period of Time, π. κατὰ τὴν ρκθ' Ὀλυμπιάδα Plb. 1.5.1; οἱ χρόνοι οἱ πίπτοντες ὑπὸ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἱστορίαν Id. 4.2.2 . fall under, belong to a class, εἰς γένη ταῦτα Arist. Metaph. 1005a2, al.; ἐπὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐπιστήμην ib. 982b8; ὑπὸ τὴν αὐτὴν μέθοδον Id. Top. 102a37, cf. 151a15; ὑπὸ τέχνην οὐδεμίαν Id. EN 1104a8; ἔξω τῶν διῃρημένων γενῶν Id. PA 681b1; τὸ μακάριον ἐνταῦθα πεπτωκέναι Epicur. Ephesians 1 p.28U.; ὅσα πέπτωκεν ὑπὸ τὴν . . ἱστορίαν Plb. 2.14.7 .
πίπτω ,
[in LXX chiefly for H5307;]
to fall;
1. of descent, to fall, fall down or from: seq. ἐπί , c. acc loc., Matthew 10:29, al.; εἰς , Matthew 15:14, al.; ἐς μέσῳ , c. gen., Luke 8:7; παρὰ τ . ὁδόν , Matthew 13:4, Mark 4:4, Luke 8:5; seq. ἀπό , Matthew 15:27, al.; ἐκ , Mark 13:25, Luke 10:18, Revelation 8:10; Revelation 9:1. Metaph.: ὁ ἥλιος , seq. ἐπί , Revelation 7:16; ἀχλὺς κ . σκότος , Acts 13:11; ὁ κλῆρος , Acts 1:26; ὑπὸ κρίσιν , James 5:12.
2. Of prostration,
(a) of persons, to fall prostrate, prostrate oneself: χαμαί John 18:6; seq. ἐπί , c. acc, Matthew 17:6, Acts 9:4; id. c. gen., Mark 9:20; πρὸς τ . πόδας , Acts 5:10, Revelation 1:17; πεσὼν ἐξέψυξε , Acts 5:5; of supplication, homage or worship: πρὸς (παρὰ , ἐπὶ ) τ . πὸδας , Mark 5:22, Luke 8:41, Acts 10:25, al.; Papyri καὶ προσκυνεῖν , Revelation 5:14; Revelation 19:4; ptcp. c. προσκυνεῖν , Matthew 2:11, al.; ἐνώπιον , Revelation 4:10; Revelation 5:8; ἐπὶ πρόσωπον , Matthew 26:39, al.;
(b) of things, to fall, fall down: Matthew 21:44, Luke 23:30; of falling to ruin and destruction, Matthew 7:25, Acts 15:16, Hebrews 11:30; ἔπεσε (timeless aorist; M, Pr.,134), Revelation 18:2. Metaph.: Romans 11:11; πόθεν πέπτωκας , Revelation 2:5; opp. to ἑστόναι , 1 Corinthians 10:12; to στήκειν , Romans 14:4; of virtues, 1 Corinthians 13:8; of precepts, Luke 16:17.
(Cf. ἀνα -, ἀντι -, ἀπο -, ἐκ -, ἐπι -, κατα -, παρα -, περι -, προσ -, συν -πίπτω .)
συν -πίπτω (Rec. συμπ -),
[in LXX for H5307, etc.;]
to fall together, fall in, etc.: of a house (cf. MM, xxiv), Luke 6:49.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
The act. of this verb is obsolete in late Greek,
(1) For πορεύομαι = ";journey,"; ";go,"; cf. P Par 44.2 (B.C. 152) (= UPZ i. p. 327) γίνωσκέ με πεπορεῦσθαι (cf. Proleg. p. 229) εἰς Ἡρακλέους πόλιν ὑπὲρ τῆς οἰκίας, P Oxy VIII. 1143.2 (c. A.D. 1) τοῖς ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ παστοφό (ροις) πορευομέ (νοις), ib. XII. 1480.7 (A.D. 32) ἐπορεύθην πρὸς Ἑρμογένην, P Ryl II. 234.8 (ii/A.D.) πορεύου, ἀντιφωνηθήσεται διὰ τῶν στρατηγῶν, ";go, the answer will be given through the strategi"; (Edd.), and P Oxy IX. 1219.4 (iii/A.D.) πορευόμενος εἰς τὴν Νεικίου, ";on his way to the city of Nicias.";
(2) With πορεύομαι of Christ’s journeying to death in Luke 22:22 (and perhaps Luke 13:33), we may compare the usage in Psa. 77꞉39 [MT Psalms 78:39]. See further Field Notes, p. 66, and for the relation of the verb to ὑπάγω, cf. Abbott Joh. Voc. p. 142 ff.
(3) An approximate ex. of the ethical use of πορεύομαι in 1 Peter 4:3 πεπορευμένους ἐν ἀσελγείαις is furnished by Sophocles O.T. 883 : εἰ δέ τις ὑπέροπτα χερσὶν ἢ λόγῳ πορεύεται (cited by Kennedy Sources, p. 107).
A wider secondary use appears in P Tor I. 1vi. 13 (B.C. 116) εἴπερ γε δὴ ἐνόμιζεν ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας κατὰ νόμους ὁδῶι πορευόμενος τὸν ἐξ εὐθυδικίας λόγον συνίστασθαι, ";si revera legitimae viae insistens recto ordine causam instituere voluisset"; (Ed.). Cf. the compd. ἐπιπορεύομαι = ";act"; in ib.vii. 13, and in P Reinach 11.19 (B.C. 111) ἐάν τε ἐπέλθῃ, ἥ τ᾽ ἔφοδος Ὥρωι καὶ <τῶι > ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ ἐπιπεπορευομένου ἄχυρος (l. ἐπιπορευομένωι ἄκυρος) ἔστωι, ";s’il exerce une poursuite pareille, elle sera nulle pour Hôros et pour celui qui aura agi en son nom"; (Ed.). See also s.vv. παραπορεύομαι and προσπορεύομαι.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
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