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Bible Encyclopedias
Stalls
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
were ranges of seats placed in the choirs of churches or chapter houses for the use of the clergy, for the religious in a monastery, or for canons. In the most ancient churches of the West, in the cathedrals and great minsters, the abbot or bishop sat at the head of the choir, behind the altar. Around him, on semicircular benches of wood or stone, were ranged the capitulars. After the. 13th century the seats of the clergy were placed in front of the sanctuary; on either side of what is now called the choir. In cathedrals and other large buildings they were enclosed at the back with paneling, and were surmounted by overhanging canopies of open tabernacle work, which were often carried up to a great height, and enriched with numerous pinnacles, crockets, pierced tracery, and other ornaments. Examples of stalls of this kind remain in most of the English cathedrals and in many other churches. In some cases two rows were used, the outer one only being surmounted by canopies. It was also raised a step or two higher than the other, as in Henry VII's Chapel, Westminster. In ordinary parish churches the stalls were without canopies, and frequently had no paneling at the back above the level of the elbows; but in many instances the walls over them were lined with wooden panels having a cornice above, corresponding with the screen under the rood loft. of which a very good specimen remains at Etchingham, Sussex. When the chancel had aisles behind the stalls, the backs were formed by the side screens, which were sometimes close and sometimes of open work. The chief seat on the dais in a domestic hall was sometimes a stall, as in (the ruins of) the palace of the archbishop of Canterbury at Mayfield, Sussex, where it is of stone.
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