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Bible Encyclopedias
Mineralogy

Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature

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This science, like all others of modern date, was in a very imperfect state among the Hebrews. Hence the sacred writers speak of minerals without any scientific classification, and according to their merely external characteristics. This occasions the utmost difficulty in identifying any but the commonest mineral substances. In precious stones, particularly, this vagueness of name and description precludes the possibility of any certainty as to the actual mineral intended, or, rather, leads to the presumption that in most instances no one substance is denoted, but that the name is generic, including all stones of the same general appearance, color, hardness, etc. (See GEM). The following is a list of the mineral productions mentioned in the Bible, with their probable modern representatives. For details, see each word in its place.

 

Achlamah

Amethyst

"amethyst."

Astro

Alabaster

"alabaster."

Amethustos

Amethyst

"amethyst."

Arguros

Silver

"silver."

Bahat.

Marble

"red marble."

Bareketh

Emerald?

"carbuncle."

Barzel

Iron

"iron."

Bedd

Alloy?

"tin"

Bedolach

Bdellium

"bdellium."

Berullos

Beryl

"beryl."

Betser

Ore

"gold."

Bor, Borith}

Alkali

"soap," et

Chalkedon

Chalcedony

"chalcedony."

Chalkolibdnon

Electrum

"fine brass."

Chalkos

Copper

"brass."

Challamish

Flint

"flint," etc.

Chashmaal

Burnished Copper

" amber."

Chemar

Bitumen

"slime."

Chol

Sand

"sand."

Chrusolethos

Chrysolite

"chrysolite."

Chrusoprasos

Chrysoprase

"chrysoprase."

Chrusos

Gold

"gold."

Dar

Pearl-stone

"white marble."

Ekdach

Carbuncle

"carbuncle."

Gabish

Crystal

"pearl."

Gir

Lime

"chalk."

Gophrth

Sulphur

"brimstone."

Hals

Salt

"salt."

Huakinthos

Hyacinth

"jacinth."

Huilos

Glass

"glass."

Jaspis

Jasper

"jasper."

 

Kadkod

Ruby

"agate."

Kerach

Crystal

"crystal."

Keseph

Silver

"silver."

Kethem,

Virgin Gold

"gold."

Krustallos

Crystal

"crystal."

Leshem

Opal?

"ligure."

Margarites

Pearl

"pearl."

Marnuros

Marble

"marble."

Melach

Salt

"salt."

Nechash, Nechosheth

Copper

"brass."

Nether

Nitre

"nitre.'

Nophek

Emerald?

"emerald."

O'dem

Garnet

"sardius."

Ophereth

Lead

"lead."

Paldah

Steel

torch."

Paz

Refined Gold

"fine gold."

Pitdah

Topaz?

"topaz."

Puk

Antimony

"paint."

Sappheiros,

sapphire

"sapphire."

Sardinos

sapphire

"sardius."

Sardios

Carnelian

"sardine."

Sardonux

Sardonyx

"Sardonyx."

Shaish

Alabaster

"marble."

Shamir

Diamond

"diamond," etc.

Shasher

Red Ochre

"vermilion."

Shebo

Agate?

"agate."

Shesh

White Marble

"marble."

Shoham

Onyx?

"onyx."

Sidros

Iron

"iron."

Sig

Scoriae, etc

"dross."

Smaragdos

Emerald

"emerald."

Sochereth

Spotted Marble

"black marble."

Tarshish

Topaz?

"bervl."

Theio n

Brimstone

"brimstone."

Topazion.

Topaz

"topaz."

 

Tsar

Nodule

"flint."

Yahalon.

Onyx?

"diamond."

Yashepheth

Jasper

"jasper.

Zahab

Gold

"gold."

Zekuketh

Glass

"crystal."

 

See Rosenmuller, Biblical Mineralogy and Botany (Edinb. 1846, 12mo); Moore, Ancient Mineralogy (N.Y. 1834, 12mo).

Bibliography Information
McClintock, John. Strong, James. Entry for 'Mineralogy'. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature. https://www.studylight.org/​encyclopedias/​eng/​tce/​m/mineralogy.html. Harper & Brothers. New York. 1870.
 
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