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Utrecht, Peace of

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Utrecht is a city of the Netherlands, capital of the province of the same name, and noted for the treaties which were signed there to close the War of the Spanish Succession. The preliminary terms of the treaty between Great Britain and France were signed Oct. 8, 1711. A congress, was opened at Utrecht Jan. 12, 1712. Arrangements between the two powers were completed in August in the same year. Agreement was also reached with Holland, Portugal, Prussia, and Savoy soon afterwards. Each of the contracting parties treated in its own name, and hence there were as many as nine different treaties signed April 11, 1713. Many changes were made in the possessions of the powers named, and Protestantism made substantial gain on the continent of Europe.