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Bible Encyclopedias
Topographical Terms
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
or We have had continual occasion in this Cyclopaedia to point out the great accuracy with which these are used in the original languages of the Scripture, especially the Hebrew, although often obscured by the want of exactness and uniformity in the A.V. It is our purpose under the present head to present a general view of such terms, referring for details to the respective articles. Much has already been done in this direct ion by Dean Stanley in the appendix to his work on Sinui and Palestine. (See GEOGRAPHY).
A. LAND.
I. Tracts (including especially depressions, levels, and barrens).
1. É mek (עֵמֶקֵ ), a valley, used in general (Numbers 14:25; Joshua 8:13; Joshua 13:19; Joshua 13:27; Judges 1:19; Judges 1:34; Judges 5:15; 1 Samuel 6:13 [Bethshemesh]; 2 Samuel 18:18 ["dale"]; 1 Kings 20:28; 1 Chronicles 12:15; Jeremiah 21:13; Jeremiah 31:40; Jeremiah 47:5; Jeremiah 48:5; Jeremiah 49:4; Micah 1:4); or specifically "vale of Siddim" (Genesis 14:3; Genesis 14:8; Genesis 14:10), "valley of Shaveh" (Genesis 14:17), "vale of Hebron" (Genesis 38:14), "valley of Achor" (Joshua 7:24; Joshua 7:26; Joshua 15:7; Isaiah 65:10; Hosea 2:15), "valley of Ajalon" (Joshua 10:12), "valley of Rephaim" (Joshua 15:8; Joshua 18:16; 2 Samuel 5:18; 2 Samuel 5:22; 2 Samuel 23:13; 1 Chronicles 11:15; 1 Chronicles 14:9; 1 Chronicles 14:13; Isaiah 17:5), "valley; of Jezreel" (Joshua 17:16; Judges 6:33; Judges 7:1; Judges 7:8; Judges 7:12; Hosea 1:5; probably also 1 Samuel 31:7; 1 Chronicles 10:7), "valley of Keziz" (Joshua 18:21), "valley of Beth-rehob" (Joshua 18:28), "valley of Elah" (1 Samuel 17:2; 1 Samuel 17:19; 1 Samuel 21:9), "valley of Berachah" (2 Chronicles 20:26), "valley of Baca" (Psalms 84:6), "valley of Succoth" (Psalms 60:6; Psalms 108:7), "valley of Gibeon" (Isaiah 28:21), "valley of Jehoshaphat" (Joel 3:2), "valley of Decision" (Joel 3:14), "Beth-emek" (Joshua 19:27).
2. Gey ( גֵּיא or גֵּי ), a ravine (A. V. invariably "valley"), used generally (Psalms 23:4; Isaiah 28:1; Isaiah 28:4; Isaiah 40:4; Jeremiah 2:23; Ezekiel 6:3; Ezekiel 7:16; Ezekiel 31:12; Ezekiel 32:5; Ezekiel 35:8; Ezekiel 36:4; Ezekiel 36:6; Micah 1:6; Zechariah 14:4-5), and specifically of Moab (Numbers 21:20 : Deuteronomy 3:29; Deuteronomy 4:46; Deuteronomy 34:6), Hinnon (Joshua 15:8; Joshua 18:16; 2 Kings 23:10; 2 Chronicles 28:3; 2 Chronicles 33:6; Nehemiah 11:30; Jeremiah 7:31-32; Jeremiah 19:2; Jeremiah 19:6; Jeremiah 32:35; prob. 1 Samuel 22:1; 1 Samuel 22:5; also "valley ate," 2 Chronicles 26:9; Nehemiah 2:13; Nehemiah 2:15; Nehemiah 3:13), Jiphthahl el (Joshua 19:14; Joshua 19:27), Zeboim (1 Samuel 13:18; comp. Nehemiah 11:34), Salt (2 Samuel 8:13; 2 Kings 14:7; 1 Chronicles 18:12; 2 Chronicles 25:11; Psalm Ix, title), Zephathah (2 Chronicles 14:10), Charashimim (1 Chronicles 4:14 : "craftsmen," Nehemiah 11:35), "passengers" (Ezekiel 39:11), Hamon gag (Ezekiel 39:11; Ezekiel 39:15), Ai (Joshua 8:2), near the Jordan (2Ki2:16), Gedor (1 Chronicles 4:39).
3. Shaveh (שָׁוֵה ), a dale, namely, of Kirjathhaim (Numbers 32:37), and the kings (Genesis 14:17; in 1 Samuel 18:18 this word is not used).
4. Metsullch ( מְצֻלָּה ) a dell (Zechariah 1:8).
5. Bikah (בַּקְעָה ), a broad plain between mountains, used generally (Deuteronomy 8:7; Deuteronomy 11:11, Psalms 104:8; Isaiah 41:18; Isaiah 63:14; Isaiah 40:4, "plain"): specifically "valley of Jericho" (Deuteronomy 34:3), "valley of Mizpeh" (Joshua 11:8), "valley of Lebanon" (Joshua 11:17; Joshua 12:7), "valley of Meniddo" (Zechariah 12:11), "plain of Oinoi", (Nehemiah 6:2), "plain of Aven" (Amos 1:5), "plain of Dura" (Daniel 3:1), "plain of Mesopotamia" (Ezekiel 3:23-24; Ezekiel 8:4; Ezekiel 37:1-2; probably the same as "plain of Shinar," Genesis 11:2).
6. Mishor (מַישׁוֹר ), downs or table-land, specifically of the plateau of Moab (Deuteronomy 3:10; Deuteronomy 4:43; Joshua 13:9; Joshua 13:16-17; Joshua 13:21; Joshua 20:8; 1 Kings 20:23; 1 Kings 20:25; 2 Chronicles 26:10; Jeremiah 21:13; Jeremiah 48:8; Jeremiah 48:21).
7. Sharan (שָׁרוֹן ), a flat, specifically the pasture land along the Mediterranean (Joshua 12:19; Song of Solomon 2:2; Isaiah 33:9; Isaiah 35:2; Isaiah 65:1), perhaps that of Gilead (1 Chronicles 5:16).
8. Shephelah ( שְׁפֵלָה ), a low country, specifically the maritime plain ("vale," Deuteronomy 1:7; Joshua 10:40; 1 Kings 10:27; 2 Chronicles 1:15; "valley," Joshua 9:1; Joshua 11:2; Joshua 11:16; Joshua 12:8; Joshua 15:33; Judges 1, 9; Jeremiah 32:44; "plain," Jeremiah 17:26; Obadiah 1:19; Zechariah 7:7'; "low plains," 1 Chronicles 27:28; 2 Chronicles 9:27; "low country," 2 Chronicles 28:18; "Sephela," 1 Maccabees 12:38).
9. Midbar (מַדַבָּר ), a wilderness in the sense of an open tract of unoccupied common, in general a "desert" or "wilderness" (Exodus 3:1; Exodus 5:3; Exodus 23:31; Numbers 20:1 : Deuteronomy 33:10; 2 Chronicles 26:10; Job 24:5; Isaiah 21:1; Jeremiah 25:24, etc.); specifically that of Sinai (Numbers 33:15-16, etc.; "south," Psalms 75:6); sometimes (with the art.) fir Arabia in general, or for those parts of it which extend into Palestine (Genesis 21:14; Joshua 8:15; Judges 1:16).
10. Arabah (עֲרָבָה ), a desert as such, either generally ("wilderness," "desert," or "plain," Job 24:5; Job 39:6; Isaiah 33:9; Isaiah 35:1; Isaiah 35:6; Isaiah 40:3; Jeremiah 2:6; Jeremiah 5:6; Jeremiah 17:6; Jeremiah 51:43; Amos 6:14; Zechariah 14:10), or specifically (technically, with the art.) the Arabah ("desert," Ezekiel 47:8; "plain," Deuteronomy 1:1; Deuteronomy 1:7; Deuteronomy 2:5; Deuteronomy 3:17; Deuteronomy 4:49; Joshua 3:16; Joshua 8:14; Joshua 11:16; Joshua 12:1; Joshua 12:3; 1 Samuel 23:24; 2 Samuel 2:29; 2 Samuel 4:7; 2 Kings 14:25; 2 Kings 25:4; Jeremiah 39:4; Jeremiah 2:7; "plains," Joshua 11:2; Joshua 12:5; "champaign," Deuteronomy 11:30; "Arabah," Joshua 18:18; "Beth-arabah," Joshua 15:6), or (in the plur. without the art.) the Ghor or "the plains" (2 Samuel 15:28; 2 Samuel 17:16) of Moab (Numbers 22:1; Numbers 26:3; Numbers 26:63; Numbers 31:12; Numbers 33:48-50; Numbers 35:1; Numbers 36:13; Deuteronomy 34:1; Deuteronomy 34:8) or Jericho (Joshua 4:13; Joshua 5:10; 2 Kings 25:5; Jeremiah 39:5; Jeremiah 52:8).
11. Jeshimon (יְשְׁימוֹן ), a waste, either generally (especially of the "wilderness" of the wandering, Deuteronomy 32:10; Psalms 68:7; "desert," Psalms 78:40; Psalms 106:14; Isaiah 43:19-20; "solitary," Psalms 107:4), For specifically the barren tract on both sides of the Dead Sea ("Jeshimon," Numbers 21:20; Numbers 23:25; Numbers 33:49; 1 Samuel 23:19; 1 Samuel 23:24; 1 Samuel 26:1; 1 Samuel 26:3).
12. Kikkar (כַּכָּר ), a circle (primarily and often, a coin or loaf), specifically (A. V. always "plain") the floor of the valley through which the Jordan runs (2 Samuel 18:23; 1 Kings 7:46; 2 Chronicles 4:17; Nehemiah 12:28), or the oasis that formerly existed in (the southern part of) it (Genesis 13:10-12; Genesis 19:17; Genesis 19:25; Genesis 19:28-29; Deuteronomy 31:3). Less distinctive than the above are the terms Geliloth (גְּלַילוֹת ), circles, used in the general sense of frontiers ("borders," Joshua 13:2; "coasts," Joel 3:4), or the windings of the Jordan ("borders," Joshua 22:10-11; "country," Ezekiel 47:8); Carmel (בִּרְמֶל ), a park, employed (besides. its use as a proper name) in the general signification of a well- cultivated region ("fruitful field;" Isaiah 10:8; "fruitful place," Jeremiah 4:26; "plentiful field," Isaiah 16:10; Jeremiah 48:33; "Carmel," 2 Kings 19:23; Isaiah 37:24); Sadeh ( שָׂדֶה‘), arable land ("field," country "land"); Shedemoth (שְׁדֵמות ), highly cultivated: soil ("fields" of Gomorrah, Deuteronomy 32:32; Kidron, 2 Kings 23:4; Jeremiah 31:40; Heshbon, Isaiah 16:8; comp. Habakkuk 3:17); Abel (אָבֵל ), a meadow, employed as the name of a place, and usually in composition;. Maargh (מִעֲרֶה ), an open tract ("meadows" of Gibeah, Judges 20:33; perhaps for מְעָרָה, a cave; by others read ) מֵעָרִב from the west); Chelkch' (חֶלְקָה ), a (smooth) plot of ground (often in general as a "portion"), in connection with Saddah ("piece," "parcel," etc.) or without it ("field," "piece," "plot," etc.); Naphdh נָפָה ), a height, only of Dor ("borders," Joshua 11:2; "coast," Joshua 12:23; "region," 1 Kings 4:11), or Napheth (נֶפֶת ), in the same connection ("countries," Joshua 17:11); Chibel (חֶבֶל ), a district (lit. as measured by Ai rope); applied as a general topographical division ("portion," or "coast," Joshua 17:5; Joshua 17:14; Joshua 19:9; Joshua 19:29; Zephaniah 2:5-7), especially to Argob ("region" or "country," Deuteronomy 3:4; Deuteronomy 3:13-14; 1 Kings 4:13).
II. Elevations (considered as such, without reference to their extent of area).
1. Har (הִר ), a mountain, employed for single summits (as Sinai, Gerizim, Zion, Olivet) or for ranges (as is Lebanon); also to the general backbone or highland of Palestine, or of Judah, Ephraim, etc., in particular (A.V. "mountain," "mount," "hill''). Occasionally the cognate form har ( הֹר or הוֹר ) is employed (usually with the art.), especially with reference to the well-known eminence of that name. The following are the various elevations to which hor is applied: Abarim, Amana (Song of Solomon 4:8,), Ararat, Baalah, Baal-Hermon (Judges 3:3; comp. Joshua 13:5), Bethel, Bether (Song of Solomon 2:7), Carmel, Ebanl, Emek (Joshua 13:19), Ephron (Joshua 15:9), Gesh, Gerizim, Gilboa, Gilead, Halak (Joshua 11:17), Heres (Judges 1:35), Hermon, Hor, Horeb, Jearim (Joshua 15:10), Olivet (Zechariah 14:4; the word is not used in 2 Samuel 15:30), Mizar (Psalms 42, 6), Moriah, Nebo, Paran (Deuteronomy 33:2), Perazim (Isaiah 28:21), Samaria (1 Kings 16:24), Seir, Sephar (Genesis 10:30), Sinai, Sion (Sirion or Shenir, all names for Hermon, Deuteronomy 3:9; Deuteronomy 4:48), Shapher (Numbers 33:23), Tabor, Zai mon (Judges 9:48), Zemaraim (2 Chronicles 13:4), Zion. There re also the mountains of the Amorites, of the Amalekites (Judges 12:15), of Ephraim, of Esau, of Israel, of Judah, of Naiphtali, and of Bashan (Psalms 68:15).
The following subordinate terms are applied to parts or features of mountains in personification of the human frame: Irash (ראֹשׁ ), head, the top (Genesis 8:5; Exodus 19:20; Deuteronomy 34:1; 1 Kings 18:42); Aznoth (אִזְנוֹת ), ears, perh. some projection on the summit (Joshua 19:34); Kathliph (בָּתֵ, the shouolder, the brow (Deuteronomy 33:12; Joshua 15:8; Joshua 15:10; Joshua 18:16); Tsad (צִד ), the side or hill-slope (1 Samuel 23:26; 2 Samuel 13:34); Kisldth (כַּסְלֹת ), loins or flanks, i.e. base (Joshua 19:12; Joshua 19:18); Tsla (צֵלִע ), a rib, i.e. spur (2 Samuel 16:13); Shekm. (שְׁכֶם ), back, i.e. rear (Shechein); Ammah (אִמָּה ), elbow; bend (2 Samuel 16:2); Yerekah (יְרֵכָה ), thigh, i.e. recesses (of Mount Ephraim, Judges 19:1; Judges 19:18; of Lebanon, 2 Kings 19:23; Isaiah 33:24).
2. Gibah ( גַּבְעָה ), a hill (as in the A.V. invariably), the Arabic Jebel, the common designation of less important or individual eminences; applied (besides its general use) to Zion (Isaiah 31:4; Ezekiel 34:26), and to the following: the hill of the foreskins. (Joshua 5:3), of Phinehas (24, 33), of Moreh (Judges 7:1), of Hachilhh (1 Samuel 23:19; 1 Samuel 26:1), of Ammah (2 Samuel 2:24), of Gareb (Jeremiah 31:39); also an element of the proper names Gibeah, Geba or Gaba, and Gibeon.
3. Tel (תֵּל ), a hillock (the Arabic Tell), is a diminutive mound or knoll,usually an artificial heap of rubbish (Deuteronomy 13:17; Joshua 8:28; Jeremiah 30:18; Jeremiah 49:2); often an element of proper names, as Tel-Abib, Tel-llarsha, Tel-Melah.
The two following are other appropriations of appellatives as proper names than general designations of an elevated ground:
4. Pisgah, or rather hap-Pisgth (for it has the art. הִפַּסְגָּה ), the height (comp. Eugl. "the summit"), vas probably the ragged edge of the table-land of Moab where it suddenly broke down into the declivity towards the Dead Sea (Numbers 21:20; Numbers 23:14; Deuteronomy 3:17; Deuteronomy 34:1).
5. Ophel (עֹפֶל ), a swelling mound (so of tumors, Deuteronomy 28:27; 1 Samuel 5:6, etc.), is applied to Elisha's residence near Jericho (2 Kings 5:24), elsewhere (with the doubtful exception of Isaiah 32:14; Micah 4:8) and everywhere with the art., to the sloping tongue of Mount Moriah on the south (2 Chronicles 27:3; 2 Chronicles 33:14; Nehemiah 3:26-27; Nehemiah 11:21).
The following, likewise, are rather designations of portions or elements of hills than the elevations themselves:
6. Maaleh (מִעֲלֶה ), an ascent or rise, used (besides its common meaning, Judges 8:13) of several localities that of the Scorpions (Numbers 34:4; Joshua 15:3), of Adummim (Joshua 15:7; Joshua 18:17), of Gur (2 Kings 9:27), of Ziz (2 Chronicles 20:16), of Luhith (Isaiah 15:5; Jeremiah 48:5), of Bethhoron (Joshua 10:10), of Olivet (1 Maccabees 3:16; comp. 2 Samuel 15:13) and Saul's city [probably Bethlehem] (1 Samuel 9:11)
7. Morá d (מוֹרָד ), a descent or fall, applied (besides its general use, Micah 1:4) to the declivity of the Jordan valley (Joshua 7:5), of Bethhoron (Joshua 10:10; 1 Maccabees 3:24), of Horouaim (Jeremiah 48:5), and Olivet (κατάβασις, Luke 19:37).
8. Shephi (שְׁפַי ), a bare spot on a hill ("high place," Numbers 23:3; Isaiah 41:18; Isaiah 49:9; Jeremiah 3:2; Jeremiah 3:21; Jeremiah 4:11; Jeremiah 2:29; Jeremiah 12:11; Jeremiah 14:6).
9. Aruts ( עֲרוּוֹ ), a precipice ("cliff," Job 30:6).
10. Misgab (מַשְׂגָּב ), a bluff or inaccessible steep, as a "refuge" (2 Samuel 22:3; Psalms 18:2; Isaiah 25:12, etc.); with the art, a particular fortress of Moab (Jeremiah 48:1).
11. Kephim (כַּפַים ), crags or rough isolated "rocks" (Job 30:6; Jeremiah 4:29), hence the Syriac name Ceihas. There remain the two distinctive terms for a stony prominence, with their concomitants.
12. Tsur (צוּר ), Chald. and Arab. Tur, a rock or outstanding block of stone whether fixed or builder, of frequent occurrence (A.V. "rock"), both literally (2 Kings 5:23, etc.) and figuratively (Psalms 31:2; Psalms 62:6, etc.), and in only a few cases referring to the height of the rock (Numbers 23:1; Psalms 61:2, etc.); in one case assuming the dignity of a proper name, Tyre. It is specifically applied to Horeb (Exodus 17:6), the rock of Obel (Judges 7:25; Isaiah 10:26), and is an element of the names Helkath-hazzurim (2 Samuel 2:16), and Beth-sur (Joshua 15:58).
In connection with Sela twice occurs the peculiar term Nekrah (נַקְרָה ), a hole or "cleft" (Exodus 33:22; Isaiah 2:21).
13. Sela (סֶלִע ), a cliff or abrupt and elevated rock, especially in personification (Psalms 18:2; Psalms 42:9, etc,), and as a parallel with Tur (Psalms 31:2-3; Psalms 31:7-8; Psalms 31:15-16; Isaiah 2:21 etc.). In the A.V. it is loosely rendered "rock," "stone," etc. It is applied generally to the spot in Ka'desh whence Moses brought forth water (Numbers 20:8; Numbers 20:10-11; Nehemiah 9:15; Psalms 78:16; comp. Tsur, in Ezekiel 17), to the rocks of Edam, (Judges 15:8; Judges 8:11) Rimmol (Judges 20:45), and Sela-hlam- mahlekoth (1 Samuel 23:28); also as a proper name to Peta (with the art., 2 Kings 14:7; 2 Chronicles 25:12; and prob. Judges 1:36; without the art., Isaiah 16:1; Obadiah 1:3).
In exclusive connection with Sela are found the following descriptive terms: Chagavim (חֲגָוַים ), chasms (Song of Solomon 2:14; Jeremiah 49:16; Obadiah 1:3): Seph (סְעַי ), a cleft (Judges 15:8; Judges 15:11; Isaiah 2:21; Isaiah 57:5); Tsechiach ( צְחַיחִ ), a bald spot, as the summit (f a rock exposed to the drying sun (Nehemiah 4:13; Ezekiel 24:7-8; Ezekiel 26:14);. Nekik (נְקַיק ), a cranny or fissure (Isaiah 7:19 Jeremiah 13:4; Jeremiah 16:16); and Shen (שֵׁן ), a tooth or sharp edge or end of a crag (Job 39:28; 1 Samuel 14:4-5); also as a proper name (1 Samuel 7:12).
B. WATER.
I. Flowing (including the valley or bed though which it courses); of these the first two are the most general and distinctively descriptive.
1. Nahar, ( נָהָר ), a perennial river (as almost always rendered in the A.V.), the Arab. nahr; used generally in the poetical books of watercourses and of the sea (Job 14:11; Job 20:17; Job 22:16; Job 28:1; Job 40:23; Psalms 24:2; Psalms 46:4; Psalms 78:16; Psalms 93:3; Psalms 98:8; Psalms 105:41; Psalms 107:33; Song of Solomon 8:7; Isaiah 18:2; Isaiah 18:7; Isaiah 33:21; Isaiah 41:18; Isaiah 42:15; Isaiah 43:2; Isaiah 43:19-20; Isaiah 1:2; Isaiah 56:12); also a stream of fire (Daniel 7:10); and specifically to some of the great rivers of Mesopotamia and Egypt (Genesis 2:10; Genesis 2:13-14; Genesis 15:18; Exodus 7:9; Exodus 8:5; 2 Kings 5:12; 2 Kings 17:6; 2 Kings 18:11.; 1 Chronicles 5:26; Ezra 8:15; Ezra 8:21; Ezra 8:31; Ezra 8:36; Isaiah 18:1; Isaiah 19:5-6; Jeremiah 46:7-8; Ezekiel 1:1; Ezekiel 1:3; Ezekiel 3:15; Ezekiel 3:23; Ezekiel 10:15; Ezekiel 10:20; Ezekiel 10:22; Ezekiel 32:2; Ezekiel 32:14; Ezekiel 43:3; Daniel 10:4; Zephaniah 3:10), especially the Euphrates (Isaiah 7:20; Jeremiah 2:18; Micah 6:1; Micah 6:12; Zechariah 9:10), or that in connection with the Tigris (Aram-Niharaim, Genesis 24:10; Deuteronomy 23:4; Judges 1:2; Judges 1:8; Psalms 60 title; 1 Chronicles 19:6), but never the Jordan (unless, perhaps, that or the Dead Sea be intended in Psalms 61:6; Psalms 74:15; Habakkuk 3:8-9) and with the art. it specifically decimates the Euphrates, either alone (Genesis 31:21; Genesis 36:37; Exodus 23:31; Numbers 22:5; Numbers 24:6; Joshua 24:2-3; Joshua 24:14-15; 2 Samuel 10:16; 1 Kings 4:21; 1 Kings 4:24; 1 Kings 14:5; 1 Kings 15; 1 Chronicles 1:48; 1 Chronicles 19:16; 2 Chronicles 9:26; Nehemiah 2:9; Nehemiah 3:7; Psalms 72:8; Psalms 30:11; Isaiah 8:7; Isaiah 11:15; Isaiah 27:12; Isaiah 48:18; Isaiah 59:19; and so is the phrase in Ezra, "beyond the river") or with the name added (Genesis 2:14; Genesis 15:18; Deuteronomy 1:7; Deuteronomy 11:24; Joshua 1:4; 2 Samuel 8:3; 2 Kings 24:7; 1 Chronicles 5:9; 1 Chronicles 18:3; Jeremiah 46:2; Jeremiah 46:6; Jeremiah 46:10); while in the plural it apparently denotes the canals or branches of the same river (Psalms 89:25; Psalms 137:1; Isaiah 44:27; Isaiah 47:2; Ezekiel 31:4; Ezekiel 31:15 : Nahum 1:4; Nahum 2:6).
The following are the terms which, in the imagery of the East, are applied to the various parts of a river: Yad (יָד ), at "hand" or side, either right or left (Numbers 13:29; Deuteronomy 2:37; Judges 11:26); Saphcah (שָׂפָה ), a "lip" or brink of a river or of the sea (Genesis 22:17; Genesis 41:3; Genesis 41:17; Exodus 2:3; Exodus 7:15; Exodus 14:30; Deuteronomy 2:36; Deuteronomy 4:48; Joshua 11:4; Joshua 12:2; Joshua 13:9; Joshua 13:16; Judges 7:12; Judges 7:22; 1 Samuel 13:5; 1 Kings 4:29; 1 Kings 9:26 : 2 Kings 2:13; 2 Chronicles 8:17; Ezekiel 47:6-7; Ezekiel 47:12; Daniel 12:5; and so of the molten sea, of Solomon's Temple, 1 Kings 7:23; 1 Kings 7:26; 2 Chronicles 4:2); Lashon (לָשׁוֹן ), a "tongue" or bay (Joshua 15:2; Joshua 15:5; Joshua 18:19; Isaiah 11:15);Gedoth (גְּדוֹת ), banks (of the Jordan, Joshua 3:15; Joshua 4:18; 1 Chronicles 12:15; or of the Euphrates, Psalms 8:7); Katseh (קָצֵה ), the extreme limit or end (1 Samuel 14:27), whether of a river (Joshua 15:5; Joshua 18:19), of the water (Joshua 3:8; Joshua 3:15), or of: a lake (Numbers 34:3; Joshua 15:2), and so of a country (Genesis 47:21; Exodus 13:20; Numbers 33:3 a mountain (Exodus 19:12; Copyright Statement
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