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Friday, February 20th, 2026
the Last Week after Epiphany
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Bible Encyclopedias
Pontiffs, Confraternities of
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
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were in the 12th century guilds of associated masons for the building of churches. They appeared first at Chartres, in France, and spread thence throughout that country and England, Switzerland, and Germany. When their Christian character died out they became lodges of Freemasons.
Copyright Statement
These files are public domain.
These files are public domain.
Bibliography Information
McClintock, John. Strong, James. Entry for 'Pontiffs, Confraternities of'. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/tce/p/pontiffs-confraternities-of.html. Harper & Brothers. New York. 1870.
McClintock, John. Strong, James. Entry for 'Pontiffs, Confraternities of'. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/tce/p/pontiffs-confraternities-of.html. Harper & Brothers. New York. 1870.
