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Passion, Orders of the

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were founded in the Church during the Crusades. One of these was originated by king Richard II of England in 1380; another by king Charles VI of France in 1400, composed of soldiers against the Saracens. They were finally merged into orders of knighthood. A female order of the Passion was founded in- 1538 by Maria Laurentia Lonrga at Naples, and was composed of nuns. They were governed by the rule of the Tertiaries of St. Francis. Pope Clement VIII in 1600, and Gregory XV in 1622, confirmed this order, and it still exists in Italy. (See PASSIONISTS).