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Guibert, Anti-Pope

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was born at Parma in the 11th century. His family name was Correggia, and he was said to be descended from the counts of Augsburg. Made archbishop of Ravenna through the influence of the emperor Henry IV. he was elected pope by a council held at Brescia (hostile to Gregory VII) in 1080, and took the name of Clement III. His first act of authority was to excommunicate Gregory VII, who, in turn, put him under the ban, and never consented to grant him absolution. Guibert took Rome by force, but in 1089 was compelled to leave the city. tie died at Ravenna in 1100. His election gave rise to the sect of the Henricians, who claimed that the emperor alone possessed the right of appointing popes. The sect was condemned by several councils, and finally disappeared towards the end of the 12th century. — See Artaud, Hist. des souverains Pontifes, vol. ii; Art de Verifer les Dates; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gener. 22:514; Herzog, Real- Encyklop. v, 408 sq.