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Bible Encyclopedias
Articles, Twenty-Five
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature
or of the Methodist Episcopal Church. They are as follows:
I. Of Faith in the Holy Trinity. — There is but one living and true God, everlasting, without body or parts, of infinite power, wisdom, and goodness; the maker and preserver of all things, visible and invisible. And in unity of this Godhead there are three persons, of one substance, power, and eternity, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.
II. Of the Word, or Son of God, who was made very Man. -The Son, who is the Word of the Father, the very and eternal God, of one substance with the Father, took man's nature in the womb of the blessed Virgin; so that two whole and per- feet natures, that is to say, the Godhead and manhood, were joined together in one person, never to be divided, whereof is one Christ, very God and very man, who truly suffered, was crucified, dead and buried, to reconcile his Father to us, and to be a sacrifice, not only for original guilt, but also for actual sins of men.
III. Of the Resurrection of Christ. — Christ did truly rise again from the dead, and took again his body, with all things appertaining to the perfection of man's nature, wherewith lie ascended into heaven, and there sitteth until he return to judge all men at the last day.
IV. Of the Holy Ghost. — The Holy Ghost, proceeding from the Father and the Son, is of one substance, majesty. and glory with the Father and the Son, very and eternal God.
V. The Sufficiency of the Holy Scriptures for Salvation.- The Holy Scriptures contain all things necessary to salvation; so that whatsoever is not read therein, nor may be proved thereby, is not to b- required of any man that it should be believed as an article of faith, or be thought requisite or necessary to salvation. In the name of the Holy Scripture, we do understand those canonical books of the Old and New Testament, of whose authority was never any doubt in the church. The Names of the Canonical Books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers. Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, The First Book of Samuel, The Second Book of Samuel, The First Book of Kings, The Second Book of Kings, The First Book of Chronicles, Tile Second Book of Chronicles, The Book of Ezra, The Book of Nehemiah, The Book of Esther, The Book of, Job, The Psalms, The Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, or the Preacher, Cantica, or Songs of Solomon, Four Prophets the greater, Twelve Prophets the less; all the books of the New Testament, as they are commonly received, we do receive and account canonical.
VI. Of the Old Testament.-The Old Testament is not contrary to the New; for both in the Old and New Testament everlasting life is offered to mankind by Christ, who is the only Mediator between God and man, being both God and man. Wherefore they are not to be heard who feign that the old fathers did look only for transitory promises. Although the law given from God by Moses, as touching ceremonies and rites, doth not bind Christians, nor ought the civil precepts thereof of necessity be received in any commonwealth; yet, notwithstanding, no Christian whatsoever is free from the obedience of the commandments which are called moral.
VII. Of Original or Birth Sin.-Original sin standeth not in the following of Adam (as the Pelagians do vainly talk), but it is the corruption of the nature of every man, that naturally is engendered of the offspring of Adam, whereby man is very far gone from original righteousness, and of his own nature inclined to evil, and that continually.
VIII. Of Free Will. — The condition of man after the fall of Adam is such, that he cannot turn and prepare himself, by his own natural strength and works, to faith, and calling upon God; wherefore we have no power to do good works pleasant and acceptable to God, without the grace of God by Christ preventing us,-that we may have a good will, and working with us when we have that good will.
IX. Of the Justification of Man.-We are accounted righteous before God only for the merit of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ by faith, and not for our own works or deservings. Wherefore, that we are justified by faith only, is a most wholesome doctrine, and very full of comfort.
X. Of Good Works.-Although good works, which are the fruits of faith, and follow after justification, cannot put away our sins and endure the severity of God's judgments, yet are they pleasing and acceptable to cod in Christ, and spring oat of a true and lively faith, insomuch that by them a lively faith may be as evidently known as a tree is discerned by its fruit
XI. Of Works of Supererogation. - Voluntary works, besides over and above God's commandments, which are called works of supererogation, cannot be taught without arrogancy and impiety. For by them men do declare that they do not only render unto God as much as they are bound to do, but that they do more for his sake than of bounden duty is required; whereas Christ saith plainly, When ye have done all that is commanded you, say, We are unprofitable servants.
XII. Of Sin. after Justification. — Not every sin willingly committed after justification is the sin against the Holy Ghost, and unpardonable. Wherefore, the grant of repentance is not to be denied to such as fall into sin after justification; after we have received the Holy Ghost, we may depart from grace given and fall into sin, and, by the grace of . od, rise again and amend our lives. And therefore they are to be condemned who say they can no more sin as long as they live here, or deny the place of forgiveness to such as truly repent.
XIII. Of the Church.— The visible Church of Christ is a congregation of faithful men, in which the pure Word of God is preached, and the sacraments duly administered, according to Christ's ordinance, in all those things that of necessity and requisite to the same.
XIV. Of Purgatory. — The Romish doctrine concerning purgatory, pardon, worshipping, and adoration, as well of images as of relics, and also invocation of saints, is a fond thing, vainly invented, and grounded upon no warrant of Scripture, but repugnant to the Word of God.
XV. Of speaking in the Congregation in such a Tongue as the People understand. — It is a thing plainly repugnant to the Word of God, and the custom of the primitive church, to have public prayer in the church, or to minister the sacraments in a tongue not understood by the people.
XVI. Of the Sacraments. — Sacraments ordained of Cluit are not only badges or tokens of Christian men's profession, but, rather, they are certain signs of grace, and God's good will toward us, by the which he doth work invisibly in us, and doth not only quicken, but also strengthen and confirm our faith in him. There are two sacraments ordained of Christ our Lord in the Gospel; that is to say, Baptism and the Supper of the Lord.
Those five commonly called sacraments, that is to say, confirmation, penance, orders, matrimony, and extreme unction, are not to be counted for sacraments of the Gospel, being such as have partly grown out of the corrupt following of the apostles, and partly are states of life allowed in the Scriptures, but yet have not the like nature of Baptism and the Lord's Supper, because they have not any visible sign or ceremony ordained of God.
The sacraments were not ordained of Christ to be gazed upon or to be carried about, but that we should duly use then) And in such only as worthily receive the same, they have a wholesome effect or operation; but they that receive them un a worthily purchase to themselves condemnation, as St. Paula saith, 1 Corinthians 11:29.
XVII. Of Baptism. — Baptism is not only a sign of profession and mark of difference whereby Christians are distinguished from others that are not baptized, but it is also a sign of regeneration, or the new birth. The baptism of young children is to be retained in the church.
XVIII. Of the Lord's Supper. — The Supper of the Lord is not only a sign of the love that Christians ought to have among themselves one to another, but rather is a sacrament of our redemption by Christ's death; insomuch that, to such as rightly, worthily, and with faith receive the same, the bread which we break is a partaking of the body of Christ, and likewise the cup of blessing is a partaking of the blood of Christ.
Transubstantiation, or the change of the substance of bread and wine in the Supper of our Lord, cannot be proved by Holy Writ, but is repugnant to the plain words of Scripture, overthroweth the nature of a sacrament, and hath given occasion to many superstitions.
The body of Christ is given, taken, and eaten in the Supper only after a heavenly and spiritual manner; and the means whereby the body of Christ - is received and eaten in the Supper is faith.
The sacrament of the Lord's Supper was not by Christ's ordinance reserved, carried about, lifted up, or worshipped. XIX. Of both Kind. — The cup of the Lord is not to be denied to the lay people; for both the parts of the Lord's Supper, by Christ's ordinance and commandment, ought to be administered to all Christians alike.
XX. Of the one Oblation of Christ, finished upon the Cross. -The offering of Christ, once made, is that perfect redemption, propitiation, and satisfaction for all the sins of the whole world, both original and actual; and there is none other satisfaction for sin but that alone. Wherefore the sacrifice of masses, in the which it is commonly said that the priest doth offer Christ for the quick and the dead, to have remission of pain or guilt, is a blasphemous fable and dangerous deceit.
XXI. Of the Marriage of Ministers. -The ministers of Christ are not commanded by God's law either to vow the state of single life, or to abstain from marriage; therefore it is lawful for them, as for all other Christians, to marry at their own discretion, as they shall judge the same to serve best to godliness.
XXII. Of the Rites and Ceremonies of Churches.-It is not necessary that rites and ceremonies should in all places be the same, or exactly alike; for they have been always different, and may be changed according to the diversity of countries, times, and men's manners, so that nothing be ordained against God's Word. Whosoever, through his private judgment, willingly and purposely doth openly break the rites and ceremonies of the church to which he belongs, which are not repugnant to the Word of God, and are ordained and approved by common authority, ought to be rebuked openly, that others may fear to do the like, as one that offendeth against the common order of the church, and woundeth the consciences of weak brethren.
Every particular church may ordain, change, or abolish rites and ceremonies, so that all things may be done to edification.
XXIII. Of the Rulers of the United States. of America. — The President, the Congress, the General Assemblies, the governors, and the Councils of State, as the delegates of the people, are the rulers of the United States of America, according to the division of power made to them by the Constitution of the United States, and by the Constitutions of their respective states. And the said states are a sovereign and independent nation, and ought not to be subject to any foreign jurisdiction. As far as it respects civil affairs, we believe it the duty of Christians, and especially all Christian ministers, to be subject to the supreme authority of the country where they may reside, and to use all lawful means to enjoin obedience to the powers that be; and therefore it is expedient that all our preachers and people, who may be under the British or any other government, will behave themselves as peaceable and orderly subjects.
XXIV. Of Christian Men's Goods. — The riches and goods of Christians are not common, as touching the right, title, and possession of the same, as some do falsely boast. Notwithstanding, every man ought, of such things as he possesseth, liberally to give alms to the poor, according to his ability.
XXV. Of a Christian Man's Oath. — As we confess that vain and rash swearing is forbidden Christian men by our Lord Jesus Christ and James his apostle, so we judge that the Christian religion doth not prohibit, but that a man may swear when the magistrate requireth, in a cause of faith and charity, so it be done according to the prophet's teaching, in justice, judgment, and truth.
These are, in substance, the Articles of the Church of England, omitting the 3d, 8th, 13th, 15th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 21st, 23d, 26th, 29th, 33d, 34th, 36th, and 37th. On comparison, it will be found that these omissions are nearly all made in order to greater comprehension and liberality in the Creed. The 23d article (adopted in 1804) is especially to be noted, as giving the adhesion of the church at that early period to the doctrine that the "United States" constitute "a sovereign nation." The articles, in their present form, are a modification of those originally framed for the church by Wesley, and printed in the Sunday Service of the Methodists. They were adopted, with the Liturgy, at the Christmas Conference of 1784. The changes made in them since that period (except the political one above referred to, made necessary by the adoption of the national Constitution) are chiefly verbal; and some of them appear to be due to typographical errors in successive reprints of the Book of Discipline. For a list of the changes, see Emory, History of the Discipline, ch. i, § 2. See also Jimeson, Notes on the 25 Articles (Cincinnati, 1853, 12mo); Comfort, Exposition of the Articles (N. Y. 1847, 12mo); Stevens, History of the Methodist Episcopal Church (N. Y. 1865, 3 vols. 8vo). (See METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH).
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McClintock, John. Strong, James. Entry for 'Articles, Twenty-Five'. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological and Ecclesiastical Literature. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/tce/a/articles-twenty-five.html. Harper & Brothers. New York. 1870.
