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Antioch, Councils of

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Antioch, Patriarchate of

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Among the more important of the councils held at Antioch are the following:

In 252, by the patriarch Fabius, or Fabianus, or his successor, Demetrius, concerning the Novatian heresy (Labbe, 1:719). In 264, against Paul of Samosata (ibid. p. 843). In 269, when Paul was deposed and anathematized (ibid. p. 893). In 330, against the patriarch Eustathius, who was falsely accused of Sabellianism and adultery, and deposed. In 341 (Conc. in Enoeniis), on occasion of the dedication of the great church of Antioch; ninety-seven bishops were present, of whom forty at least were Arians. This synod was probably orthodox in its commencement, but degenerated into a pseudo-synod, in which, after the departure of the orthodox majority, the remaining Arians condemned Athanasius; and, in all probability, the "Three Chapters", (See CHAPTERS), were then composed. In 344, by the Arian bishops, in which the μαρκόστιχος , or long confession of faith, was drawn up. In 354, by thirty Arian bishops, who again condemned Athanasius, because he had returned to his see without being first synodically declared innocent (Soz. lib. 4, cap. 8). In 358, at which Homousianism and Homoiousianism were both condemned. In 363, in which Acacius of Caesarea and other Arians admitted the Nicene faith (ibid. 2, 825). In 367, in which the word "consubstantial" was rejected (ibid). In 380, in which Meletius, at the head of one hundred and forty-five bishops, confirmed the faith of the council of Rome in 378 (Vales. ad Theod. lib. 5, cap. 3). In 433, in which John of Antioch and Cyril were reconciled (Labbe, 3, 1265). In 435, in which the memory of Theodorus of Mopsuestia was defended and Proclus's work on him approved. In 440, against Theodorus of Mopsuestia. In 451, on the conversion of the Eutychians (Labbe, 4). In 560, in defense of the council of Chalcedon. In 781, for the worship of images, under Theodorus. In 1806 the bishops of the united Greek Church held, under the presidency of the papal patriarch, a synod, known under the name synod of Antioch, in the convent of Carrapha, in the diocese of Beyrft, and endorsed the Gallican and and- papal resolutions of the synod of Pistoja (q.v.). Nevertheless their proceedings received the approbation of the papal delegate, and were published, with his approbation, in 1810, in the Arabic language. But in 1834 Pope Gregory XVI ordered the Melchite patriarch to furnish an Italian translation of the proceedings, and then condemned them by a brief of Sept. 16, 1835. — Landon, Manual of Councils; Smith, Tables of Church Hist.

In addition to those noticed in volume 1, councils were also held at this place in 340, at which the Arian Gregory of Cappadocia was elected to the see of Alexandria; in 360, at which the Arian Miletius of Sebastia was elected patriarch of Anitioch; in 391, at Which Flavianus anathematized the Massalians; and in 417, at which Pelagius was again condemned.