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Andreas Cretensis

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(Andrew of Crete), so called because he was archbishop of that island. Born at Damascus about 635, he embraced the monastic state at Jerusalem, for which reason he is sometimes styled Hierosolymitanus. He was a vehement antagonist of the Monothelites, was ordained deacon at Constantinople, and shortly after was made archbishop of Crete, which church he governed for many years, and died at Mitylene at the end of the seventh century. Besides his sermons, homilies, and orations, he wrote many hymns; some of which are still sung in the Greek churches. The Greek Church commemorates him as a saint on July 4. His remains are gathered under the title Opera Gr. et Lat. cum notis Combefis, fol. (Paris, 1644). — Cave, Hist. Lit. anno 635; Landon, Eccles. Dict. 1, 352.

Andreas

archbishop of Crain in Austria, one of the forerunners of Luther, lived in the second half of the fifteenth century. Having been sent by the Emperor Frederick III to Rome, he was scandalized at the manners of the Roman court. Andreas urged the necessity of a reform of the church upon the cardinals and the pope, who at first praised his zeal, but when Andreas became more urgent had him put in prison in 1482. Having been liberated through the intervention of Emperor Frederick III, he went to Basle, and attempted to convoke another general council. Public opinion and the universities showed to him a great deal of sympathy, but the pope excommunicated him and all who would give him an asylum. When the city of Basle refused to expel Andreas, the papal legate put it under the interdict, to which, however, no one paid any attention except the Carmelite monks, who on that account were refused any alms by the citizens, and nearly starved to death. After a long negotiation between the pope and the emperor, Andreas was summoned to retract, and when he refused he was put in prison, where, after a few months, he was found hung, in 1484 — on the same day, it is said, when Luther was born. His body was put in a barrel, and, through the executioner, thrown into the Rhine. — Hoefer, Biog. Generale.

Andreas

bishop OF CAESAREA, in Cappadocia, flourished about A.D. 500. He wrote a Commentary on the Apocalypse, which is extant in Greek and Latin among the works of Chrysostom. He also wrote Therapeutica Spiritualis, of which only some fragments remain. See Mosheim, Hist. of the Church, bk. 2, cent. 5, pt. 2, ch. 2.

Andreas

a celebrated archbishop OF LUND, in Sweden, while young travelled through Germany, Italy, France, and England, and on his return was appointed chancellor of Canute VI, who sent him to Rome to plead the cause of his sister, who, without sufficient motive, had been divorced by Philip II, king of France. Andreas pleaded the cause of the queen so well that the pope, Celestine III, obliged king Philip to receive her back again. Returning to Rome, Andreas was seized by the French in Burgundy and detained for some time. After his release, he was elected archbishop of Lund and primate of Denmark, and confirmed in this by pope Innocent III in 1201. After the death of.Canute, in 1203, Andreas crowned his brother, Waldemar II, his successor. He accompanied him in his crusade against the Livonians. On account of his age and infirmities, he retired to an island (Innsula Ivensis of Moller), where he died, June 24, 1228. He made a Latin translation of the Laws of Skaane (published by Huitfeld, Copenhagen, 1590): — wrote The Laws of Zealand (published in Danish by Huitfeld, ibid.): — Hexameron. a Latin poem on the six days of the creation: — On the Seven Sacraments, a poem. These two poems have been preserved in manuscript in the archives of the Cathedral of Lund. Sec Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v.