Bible Lexicons

חָטָא fut. יֶחֱטָא

(1) prop. to miss, to err from the mark, speaking of an archer (the opposite idea to that of reaching the goal, to hit the mark), see Hiph. Judges 20:16 of the feet, to make a false step, to stumble (Proverbs 19:2), Germ. fehlen, verfehlen, specially fehlfchießen, fehltreten. (The same origin is found in Arab. خَطِىءَ to miss the mark, opposite to صاب to hit the mark, see Jeuhari in the specimen edited by Scheid, p. 67-71, and Greek ἁμαρτάνω, used of a dart, Il. x. 372; iv. 491; of a way, Od. vii. 292.) The opposite of מָצָא to hit upon, to find, German treffen. Proverbs 8:36, חֹטְאִי חֹמֵס נַפְשׁוֹ “he who wanders from me, injures his own soul.” Opposed to מֹצְאִי verse 35. Job 5:24, “thou numberest thy flock, וְלֹא תֶחֱטָא and missest none;” none is wanting, all the flocks are there. (In this signification it agrees with the Ethiop. ኀጥአ፡ not to find, not to have, to lack, see Ludolf, Lex. Ethiop. p. 288.)

(2) to sin (to miss or wander from the way, or to stumble in the path of rectitude), followed by לְ of the person against whom one sins, whence חָטָא לַיהֹוָה Genesis 20:6, Genesis 20:9; 1 Samuel 2:25, 7:6, etc.; also followed by בְּ of the thing in which one has sinned, Genesis 42:22; Leviticus 4:23; Nehemiah 9:29 followed by עַל Levit. 5:22 Numbers 6:11; Nehemiah 13:26. There is a pregnant construction in Leviticus 5:16, אֵת אֲשֶׁר חָטָא מִן־ הַקֹּדֶשׁ “that which he hath sinned (taken sinfully) from the holy things.”

(3) to become liable to a penalty or forfeiture of something by sinning, followed by an acc. Leviticus 5:7 comp. verse 11 Proverbs 20:2, חוֹטֵא נַפְשׁוֹ “he becomes liable to the penalty of his life,” brings his life into danger, compare Habakkuk 2:10. Genesis 43:9, “unless I bring him back וְחָטָאתִי וגו׳ I shall be liable (i.e. I shall bear the blame) through all my life.”

Piel חִטֵּא

(1) to bear the blame (to take the consequence of sin), followed by an acc., Genesis 31:39 hence

(2) to offer for sin. Levit. 6:19, הַמְחַטֵּא אֹתָהּ “he who offers it” (the sin offering). Levit. 9:15, וַיְחַטְּאֵהוּ “and offered it as a sin-offering.”

(3) to expiate, to cleanse by a sacred ceremony, i.q. כִּפֵּר, as men, Numbers 19:19; Psalms 51:9 vessels, a house, etc. Leviticus 8:15, followed by עַל Exodus 29:36.

Hiphil הֶחֱטִיא

(1) i.q. Kal No. 1, to miss the mark (as an archer), Judges 20:16 (Arab. Conj. IV.).

(2) causat. of No. 2, to lead into sin, to seduce some one to sin, Exodus 23:33. 1 Kings 15:26, וּבְחַטָּאתוֹ אֲשֶׁר הֶחֱטִיא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל “and in his sin which he made Israel to sin,” to which he seduced Israel (used here, as often in other places, concerning idolatry). 1 Kings 16:26; 2 Kings 3:3, 10:29.

(3) [“to cause to be accused of sin, Deuteronomy 24:4; Ecclesiastes 5:5 also”] i.q. הִרְשִׁיעַ to declare guilty, to condemn, in a forensic sense, Isaiah 29:21.

Hithpael

(1) i.q. Kal to miss or wander from the way, used of a man terrified and confounded, and thus in a precipitate flight mistaking the way. Job 41:17 comp. Schultens. Opp. Min. p. 94.

(2) reflect. of Piel No. 3, to purify oneself, Numbers 19:12, seq. 31:20.

The derived nouns follow immediately after.

אֲחַטֶּ֔נָּה אֶֽחֱטָא־ אחטא־ אחטנה בְּחֶטְאָ֥ה בחטאה הֶחֱטִ֔יאוּ הֶחֱטִ֖יא הֶחֱטִ֙יאוּ֙ הֶחֱטִ֣יא הֶחֱטִ֥יא הַֽמְחַטֵּ֥א הַחֲטִ֥יא הַחֹטֵ֖את החטאת החטיא החטיאו המחטא וְֽ֭חֹטְאִי וְהֶחֱטֵיאָ֖ם וְהַ֣חוֹטֶ֔א וְחִטְּאוֹ֙ וְחִטְּאוּ֙ וְחִטֵּ֣א וְחִטֵּאתָ֖ וְחִטֵּאתָ֙ וְחִטֵּאתָ֥ וְחָֽטְאָה֙ וְחָטָ֑אתִי וְחָטָ֖אתִי וְחָטָ֥את וְחָטָ֥אתִֽי וְחָטָ֥אתִי וְחוֹטֵ֖א וְחוֹטֵ֥א וְחוֹטֵֽא׃ וְחוֹטֶ֣א וְלַחוֹטֶא֩ וַֽיְחַטְּא֤וּ וַֽיְחַטְּאֵ֖הוּ וַֽנֶּחֱטָ֔א וַֽתֶּחֱטָ֑א וַֽתַּחֲטִ֖א וַֽתַּחֲטִא֙ וַחֲטָאתֶ֖ם וַיְחַטֵּ֖א וַיִּֽתְחַטְּא֣וּ וַיַּחֲטִ֥א והחוטא והחטיאם וחוטא וחוטא׃ וחטא וחטאה וחטאו וחטאי וחטאת וחטאתי וחטאתם ויחטא ויחטאהו ויחטאו ויתחטאו ולחוטא ונחטא ותחטא חֲטָאתֶ֔ם חֲטָאתֶ֖ם חֲטָאתֶ֣ם חֲטָאתֶ֤ם חֲטָאתֶם֙ חֲטֹ֛א חֲטֹאתֽוֹ׃ חִטְּא֖וּ חָ֥טְא֛וּ חָ֭טָאתִי חָ֭טָאתָ חָֽטְאָה֙ חָֽטְאוּ֙ חָֽטְאוּ־ חָֽטָא־ חָטְא֖וּ חָטְא֗וּ חָטְא֣וּ חָטְא֤וּ חָטָ֑א חָטָ֑אָה חָטָ֑אוּ חָטָ֑אתִי חָטָ֔א חָטָ֔אנוּ חָטָ֔אתִי חָטָ֖א חָטָ֖אנוּ חָטָ֖אתִי חָטָ֖אתָ חָטָ֗א חָטָ֗אנוּ חָטָ֙אתִי֙ חָטָ֛א חָטָ֛אתִי חָטָ֜א חָטָ֜אתִי חָטָ֞א חָטָ֡אתִי חָטָ֣א חָטָ֣אנוּ חָטָ֣אתִֽי חָטָ֣אתִי חָטָ֤אתִי חָטָ֥א חָטָ֥אנוּ חָטָ֥אתִי חָטָ֨א חָטָ֨אתִֽי חָטָֽאָה׃ חָטָֽא־ חָטָֽא׃ חָטָֽאוּ׃ חָטָֽאנוּ׃ חָטָֽאתִי׃ חָטָא֙ חָטָאנוּ֮ חָטָאתִי֮ חֹטִ֥אים חֹטֵ֗א חֹטֶ֗א חוֹטֵ֑א חוֹטֵ֥א חוֹטֵֽא׃ חוטא חוטא׃ חטא חטא־ חטא׃ חטאה חטאה׃ חטאו חטאו־ חטאו׃ חטאים חטאנו חטאנו׃ חטאת חטאתו׃ חטאתי חטאתי׃ חטאתם יִתְחַטָּ֑א יִתְחַטָּ֔א יִתְחַטָּ֗א יִתְחַטָּ֜א יִתְחַטָּֽאוּ׃ יִתְחַטָּא־ יֶֽחֱטָ֑א יֶֽחֱטָא־ יֶֽחֶטְאוּ־ יֶחֱטָ֔א יֶחֱטָ֖א יֶחֱטָ֣א יֶחֱטָ֥א יֶחֱטָ֨א יֶחֱטָֽא׃ יֶחֶטְאוּ־ יַחֲטִ֥יאוּ יַחֲטִֽא׃ יחטא יחטא־ יחטא׃ יחטאו־ יחטיאו יתחטא יתחטא־ יתחטאו׃ כַּֽחֹטֶ֔א כחטא לְהַחֲטִ֖יא לְחַטֵּ֥א לַחֲטִ֣יא לַחֲטֹ֑א לַחֲטֹ֗א לַחֲטֹ֣א לַחֲטֹ֥א לַחֲטֹֽא׃ לַחֲטֹא־ להחטיא לחטא לחטא־ לחטא׃ לחטיא מֵֽחַטֵּ֑א מֵחֲט֪וֹא מֵחֲטֹ֣א מֵחֲטוֹ־ מַחֲטִיאֵ֤י מחטא מחטו־ מחטוא מחטיאי תְּחַטְּאֵ֣נִי תִּֽתְחַטְּא֞וּ תִּתְחַטָּֽאוּ׃ תֶּ֫חֱטָ֥אוּ תֶּחֱטָ֣א תֶּחֱטָ֥א תֶּחֶטְא֥וּ תֶֽחֱטָ֔א תֶֽחֱטָא֙ תֶחֱטָ֔א תֶחֱטָ֗א תֶחֱטָ֤א תֶחֱטָֽא׃ תֶחֱטָֽאוּ׃ תֶחֱטָא־ תֶחֶטְא֥וּ תַחֲטִיא֙ תחטא תחטא־ תחטא׃ תחטאו תחטאו׃ תחטאני תחטיא תתחטאו תתחטאו׃ ’ă·ḥaṭ·ṭen·nāh ’ăḥaṭṭennāh ’e·ḥĕ·ṭā- ’eḥĕṭā- achatTennah bə·ḥeṭ·’āh bechetAh bəḥeṭ’āh chaTa chaTaah chaTanu Chatata chataTem chaTati chaTau chateAh chateU chaTo chatoTo chitteU choTe choTim echeta ha·ḥă·ṭî ha·ḥō·ṭêṯ ḥā·ṭā ḥā·ṭā- ḥā·ṭā·’āh ḥā·ṭā·’ū ḥā·ṭā·nū ḥā·ṭā·ṯā ḥă·ṭā·ṯem ḥā·ṭā·ṯî ḥā·ṭə·’āh ḥā·ṭə·’ū ḥā·ṭə·’ū- ḥă·ṭō ḥă·ṭō·ṯōw hachaTi hachoTet haḥăṭî haḥōṭêṯ ham·ḥaṭ·ṭê hamchatTe hamḥaṭṭê ḥāṭā ḥāṭā- ḥāṭā’āh ḥāṭā’ū ḥāṭānū ḥāṭāṯā ḥăṭāṯem ḥāṭāṯî ḥāṭə’āh ḥāṭə’ū ḥāṭə’ū- ḥăṭō ḥăṭōṯōw he·ḥĕ·ṭî he·ḥĕ·ṭî·’ū hecheTi hecheTiu heḥĕṭî heḥĕṭî’ū ḥiṭ·ṭə·’ū ḥiṭṭə’ū ḥō·ṭe ḥō·ṭê ḥō·ṭim ḥō·w·ṭê ḥōṭe ḥōṭê ḥōṭim ḥōwṭê ka·ḥō·ṭe kachoTe kaḥōṭe la·ḥă·ṭî la·ḥă·ṭō la·ḥă·ṭō- lachaTi lachaTo laḥăṭî laḥăṭō laḥăṭō- lə·ha·ḥă·ṭî lə·ḥaṭ·ṭê lechatTe lehachaTi ləhaḥăṭî ləḥaṭṭê ma·ḥă·ṭî·’ê machatiEi maḥăṭî’ê mê·ḥă·ṭō mê·ḥă·ṭō·w mê·ḥă·ṭōw- mê·ḥaṭ·ṭê mechaTo mechatov mechatTe mêḥăṭō mêḥăṭōw mêḥăṭōw- mêḥaṭṭê ṯa·ḥă·ṭî tachaTi ṯaḥăṭî tə·ḥaṭ·ṭə·’ê·nî te·ḥĕ·ṭā ṯe·ḥĕ·ṭā ṯe·ḥĕ·ṭā- te·ḥĕ·ṭā·’ū ṯe·ḥĕ·ṭā·’ū te·ḥeṭ·’ū ṯe·ḥeṭ·’ū techatteEni techeTa techeTau techetU təḥaṭṭə’ênî teḥeṭ’ū ṯeḥeṭ’ū teḥĕṭā ṯeḥĕṭā ṯeḥĕṭā- teḥĕṭā’ū ṯeḥĕṭā’ū tiṯ·ḥaṭ·ṭā·’ū tiṯ·ḥaṭ·ṭə·’ū titchatTau titchatteU tiṯḥaṭṭā’ū tiṯḥaṭṭə’ū vachataTem vaiyachaTi vaiyitchatteU vannecheTa vattachaTi vattecheTa vaychatTe vaychatteEhu vaychatteU vechaTat vechaTati vechateAh vechitTe vechitteO vechitteTa vechitteU vechoTe Vechotei veHachoTe vehecheteiAm velachoTe wa·ḥă·ṭā·ṯem waḥăṭāṯem wan·ne·ḥĕ·ṭā wanneḥĕṭā wat·ta·ḥă·ṭi wat·te·ḥĕ·ṭā wattaḥăṭi watteḥĕṭā way·ḥaṭ·ṭê way·ḥaṭ·ṭə·’ê·hū way·ḥaṭ·ṭə·’ū way·ya·ḥă·ṭi way·yiṯ·ḥaṭ·ṭə·’ū wayḥaṭṭê wayḥaṭṭə’êhū wayḥaṭṭə’ū wayyaḥăṭi wayyiṯḥaṭṭə’ū wə·ha·ḥō·w·ṭe wə·ḥā·ṭā·ṯî wə·ḥā·ṭāṯ wə·ḥā·ṭə·’āh wə·he·ḥĕ·ṭê·’ām wə·ḥiṭ·ṭê wə·ḥiṭ·ṭə·’ōw wə·ḥiṭ·ṭə·’ū wə·ḥiṭ·ṭê·ṯā wə·ḥō·ṭə·’î wə·ḥō·w·ṭe wə·ḥō·w·ṭê wə·la·ḥō·w·ṭe wəhaḥōwṭe wəḥāṭāṯ wəḥāṭāṯî wəḥāṭə’āh wəheḥĕṭê’ām wəḥiṭṭê wəḥiṭṭə’ōw wəḥiṭṭə’ū wəḥiṭṭêṯā wəḥōṭə’î wəḥōwṭe wəḥōwṭê wəlaḥōwṭe ya·ḥă·ṭi ya·ḥă·ṭî·’ū yachaTi yachaTiu yaḥăṭi yaḥăṭî’ū ye·ḥĕ·ṭā ye·ḥĕ·ṭā- ye·ḥeṭ·’ū- yecheTa yechetu yeḥeṭ’ū- yeḥĕṭā yeḥĕṭā- yiṯ·ḥaṭ·ṭā yiṯ·ḥaṭ·ṭā- yiṯ·ḥaṭ·ṭā·’ū yitchatta yitchatTau yiṯḥaṭṭā yiṯḥaṭṭā- yiṯḥaṭṭā’ū