the Week of Proper 25 / Ordinary 30
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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #399 - ἀναφέρω
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- to carry or bring up, to lead up
- men to a higher place
- to put upon the altar, to bring to the altar, to offer
- to lift up one's self, to take upon one's self
- to place on one's self anything as a load to be carried
- to sustain, i.e. their punishment
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ἀναφέρω, poet. ἀμφ-, fut. ἀνοίσω: aor. ἀνήνεγκα, Ion. ἀνήνεικα, also inf. ἀνοῖσαι Hdt. 1.157:
I
1. bring, carry up, [Κέρβερον] ἐξ Ἀΐδαο Od. 11.625; ἐκ τῆς ἰλύος ψῆγμα ἀ. χρυσοῦ Hdt. 4.195, cf. 3.102 (as v.l. for -φορέω) ; ἀ. τινὰ εἰς Ὄλυμπον, εἰς θεούς, X. Smp. 8.30 (Pass.), Plu. Rom. 28, etc.; in histor. writers, carry up the country, esp. into Central Asia, Hdt. 6.30; raise up, εἰς τὸ ἄνω Hp. Art. 37; ἀ. πόδα lift it, E. Ph. 1410: — Med., carry up to a place of safety, take with one, Hdt. 3.148; remove one's goods, 8.32, 36, etc. esp. carry up to the Acropolis, put by, of treasure, And. 3.7, X. Vect. 5.12, Aeschin. 2.174, etc.
2. bring up, pour forth, of tears, ἑτοιμότερα γέλωτος ἀ. λίβη A. Ch. 447; αἵματος πλῆθος ἀ. spit up, Plu. Cleom. 15; ἀ. φωνάς, στεναγμούς, Id. 2.433c, Alex. 52: — Med., ἀνενείκασθαι, abs., fetch up a deep-drawn breath, heave a deep sigh, μνησάμενος δ' ἁδινῶς ἀνενείκατο Il. 19.314; ἀνενεικάμενόν τε καὶ ἀναστενάξαντα Hdt. 1.86 (where others, having recovered himself, come to himself, v. infr. 11.7): in Alex. Poets, utter, ἀνενείκατο μῦθον, φωνήν, A.R. 3.463, 635.
3. uphold, take upon one, ἄχθος A. Ch. 841; κινδύνους Th. 3.38; διαβολάς, πόλεμον, etc., Plb. 1.36.3, 4.45.9, etc.; πολλῶν ἀ. ἁμαρτίας LXX Isaiah 53:12, Hebrews 9:28.
4. offer in sacrifice, ib.7.27, 13.15, etc.: abs., make expiation or compensation, GDI 3537, al. (Cnidus).
5. raise up, yield, ἀρχαῖαι ἀρεταὶ ἀμφέροντ' ἀνδρῶν σθένος Pi. N. 11.38.
6. intr., lead up, of a road, ἁμαξιτὸς εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ ἀ. X. HG 2.4.10, cf. Plb. 8.29.1, Inscr.Prien. 37.161.
II
1. bring or carry back, εἰς τοὔπισθεν ἀ. πόδα E. Ph. 1410: freq. in Prose, ἀ. τὰς κώπας recover the oars (after pulling them through the water), Th. 2.84; ἡ εἰρεσία ἀναφέρεται Plu. Demetr. 53, Ant. 26.
2. bring back tidings, report, παρά τινα Hdt. 1.47; ἔς τινα Id. 1.91, Th. 5.28, etc.; τὰ ἐκ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἀνενεγκόντες Decr. ap. D. 18.75: — Pass., Hdt. 1.141, al.
3. bring back from exile, Th. 5.16.
4. carry back, trace one's family to an ancestor, τὸ Ἡρακλέους γένος εἰς Περσέα ἀναφέρεται Pl. Alc. 1.120e; without γένος, ἀ. εἰς Ἡρακλέα Id. Tht. 175a.
5. refer a matter to another, βουλεύματα ἐς τὸ κοινόν Hdt. 3.80; ἐς ἀφανὲς τὸν μῦθον ἀ. Id. 2.23; ἁμαρτίαν εἴς τινα ἀ. ascribe E. Or. 76, Ba. 29, etc.; τῆς κηλῖδος εἰς ὑμᾶς -ομένης Antipho 3.3.11; τὴν αἰτίαν εἴς τινα Lys. 22.8; rarely ἀ. τί τινι E. Or. 432, Lys. 12.81; τι ἐπί τινα D. 18.224, Aeschin. 3.215; τι ἐπί τι Pl. Phd. 76d; τι πρός τι Arist. EN 1101b19 (Pass.), al.; ποῖ δίκην ἀνοίσομεν; to whom shall we refer the judgement? E. Ion 253; τὴν ἀπόδοσιν εἴς τινα D. 34.46: — Pass., to be attributed (of authorship), εἰς Μητρόδωρον Phld. Herc. 1005.8; to be traced to, derived from, ἐπί τι ib.1251.11.
6. Pass., refer to, of a statement, πρός τι Ps.- Alex. Aphr. in SE 127.8. without acc., ἀ. εἴς τινα refer or appeal to another, make reference to him, Hdt. 3.71, Pl. Revelation 20:1-15 e; ἔς τινα περί τινος Hdt. 1.157, 7.149; ἀ. πρός τι refer to something as to a standard, Hp. VM 9; ἐκεῖσε ἀ. Pl. R. 484c, cf. Phdr. 237d. report, μέτρα καὶ γειτνίας καὶ ἀξίας PTeb. 14.11 (ii B.C.), etc.: — Pass., ib. 10.3 (ii B.C.): abs., make a report, τινί PRyl. 233.8 (ii A.D.), PFay. 129.8 (iii A.D.).
7. bring back, restore, πόλιν ἐκ πονήρων πραγμάτων Th. 8.97; ἀ. ἑαυτόν Ael. NA 13.12: — Pass., come to oneself, recover, μόγις δὴ τότε ἀνενειχθεὶς εἶπε (v. supr. 1.2) Hdt. 1.116; ἄφωνος ἐγένετο, ἔπειτα πάλιν ἀνηνέχθη Theopomp.Com. 66: — so, intr. in Act., come to oneself, recover, τῷ πόματι ἀνέφερον (sc. ἑαυτούς) Hdt. 3.22, cf. Hp. Aph. 2.43, D. 16.31; ἐκ τραύματος D.H. 4.67; ἐξ ὕπνων Plu. Cam. 23; ἀνέφερέ τις ἐλπὶς ἀμυδρά revived, Id. Alc. 38; ἐκ τοσούτων κυμάτων ἀνενεγκών Eun. Hist. p.227 D.
8. bring into account, εἰς τὸ κοινόν D. 41.8, cf. 11, Philonid. 1 D.; πρὸς ἣν [ἀρχὴν] αἱ πρόσοδοι ἀναφέρονται Arist. Pol. 1321b32.
9. pay over, εἰς τὸ βασιλικόν PHib. 50.2, cf. 42.5.
10. call to mind, consider, Pl. Lg. 829e: also c. gen., App. Pun. 93, 112.
11. repeat, Pl. Ti. 26a.
12. recall a likeness, ἀ. πρὸς ἀνδριάντα τὴν ὁμοιότητα τῆς ἰδέας Plu. Brut. 1, cf. 2.53d.
ἀναφέρω; future ἀνοίσω (Leviticus 14:20; Numbers 14:33, etc.); 1 aorist ἀνήνεγκα; 2 aorist ἀνήνεγκον; (see references under the word φέρω; imperfect passive ἀνεφερομην; from Homer down);
1. to carry or bring up, to lead up; men to a higher place: Matthew 17:1; Mark 9:2; passive, Luke 24:51 (Tdf. omits; WH reject the clause). ἀναφέρειν τάς ἁμαρτίας ἐπί τό ξύλον, 1 Peter 2:24 (to bear sins up on the cross, namely, in order to expiate them by suffering death (cf. Winer's Grammar, 428f (399))).
2. to prat upon the altar, to bring to the altar, to offer (the Sept. for הֶעֱלָה of presentation as a priestly act, cf. Kurtz on Hebrew, p. 154f), θυσίας, θυσίαν, etc. (Isaiah 57:6, etc.): Hebrews 7:27; Hebrews 13:15; 1 Peter 2:5; with ἐπί τό θυσιαστήριον added, James 2:21 (Genesis 8:20; Leviticus 14:20; (Baruch 1:10; 1 Macc. 9:53)); (ἑαυτόν, Hebrews 7:27, T Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading προσενέγκας). Cf. Kurtz as above
3. to lift up on oneself, to take upon oneself, i. e. to place on oneself anything as a load to be upborne, to sustain: τάς ἁμαρτίας i. e. by metonymy, their punishment, Hebrews 9:28 (Isaiah 53:12; τήν πορνείαν, Numbers 14:33); cf. Winer's De verb. comp. etc. Part iii., p. 5f.
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ἀνα -φέρω ,
[in LXX chiefly for H5927 hi., also for H6999 hi., etc.;]
1. to carry or lead up: c. acc pers., Matthew 17:1, Mark 9:2; pass., Luke 24:51 (WH, rejects, R, mg. omits); ἀ . τ . ἁμαρτίας ἐπί τ . ξύλον (v. Deiss., 135, 88 f.; ICC, in l; MM, VGT, s.v.): 1 Peter 2:24.
2. In LXX and NT, to bring to the altar, to offer (v. Hort on 1Pe, l.c.): θυσίας , etc., Hebrews 7:27; Hebrews 13:15, 1 Peter 2:5; ἐπί τ . θυσιαστήριον , James 2:21 (v. Mayor, in l).
3. to bear, sustain (cf. Numbers 14:33, Isaiah 53:12): Hebrews 9:28.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
With reference to the use of this verb in 1 Peter 2:24, Deissmann has argued (BS p. 88 ff.) that the writer may have had in view the forensic usage to denote the imposing of the debts of another upon a third, in order to free the former from payment : he compares P Petr I. 16(2).10 (B.C. 237) περὶ δὲ ων ἀντιλέγω ἀναφερομέν [ων εἰς ἐμὲ ] ὀφειλημάτων κριθήσομαι ἐπ᾽ Ἀσκληπιάδου, ";as to the debts laid upon (or against) one, against which I protest, I shall let myself be judged by Asclepiades."; Any direct suggestion of substitution or expiation would thus be foreign to the Petrine passage, the writer’s thought being simply that the sins of men were removed from them, and laid upon the cross. On Syll 813.11 ἀνενέγκα [ι ] αὐτὸς παρὰ Δ [άμ ]ατρα (sc. garments deposited with some one who refused to return them), Dittenberger suggests somewhat doubtfully that the objects are, as it were, brought to the goddess as evidence of the wrong done. The meaning would then be closely akin to that in P Petr II. 38 (b).5 ὅπως ἀνενέγκωμεν ἐπὶ Θεογένην, ";that we may report it to Theogenes,"; ib. III. 46 (1).8 ἕως ἂν ἐπὶ τὸν διοικητὴν ̣α ̣̓ν ̣ε ̣ν ̣ε ̣.γκ ̣ω ̣μ ̣ε ̣ν, 04 .5 ἀνενήνοχεν ἐφ᾽ ἡμᾶς. . . συγγραφήν, ";has submitted to us a contract"; (Edd.), et alibi. Here we have the verb followed by ἐπί c. accusative, but the accusative is of a person, a difference which also seriously weakens the applicability of the parallel drawn by Deissmann for 1 Peter 2:24. We must not further discuss this difficult passage here.
One or two miscellaneous examples of the verb may be added. It is used of ";transference"; from a village prison to the prison of the metropolis in P Lille I. 7.17 (iii/B.C.) νυνὶ δὲ ἀνενήνοχέν με εἰς τὸ ἐν Κροκοδίλων πό (λει) δεσμωτήριον, and of the ";registration"; of the death of a priest in the official list in P Lond 281.15 (A.D. 66) = (II. p. 66) ὅπως ἀνε ̣νεχθῇ ἐν [τοῖς ] τετελευτη [κό ]σι. In P Ryl II. 163.13 (A.D. 139) ὁπηνίκα ἐὰν αἱρῇ ἀνοίσω δημοσίῳ [χρηματισμῷ ] is ";whenever you choose, I will make the notification by an official deed"; : see parallels in the note, showing ἀναφέρω and ἀναφορά to be ";vague terms"; covering a variety of forms of documentation where an official reference is implied. The verb is common in connexion with the payment of monies, e.g.P Lille I. 11.6 (iii/B.C.) of grain; P Gen I. 22.4 (A.D. 37–8), P Flor I. 1.23, .30 (A.D. 153), P Tebt II. 296.13, 315.35 (both ii/A.D.). Other occurrences are Syll 588.115 (ii/B.C.), Michel 1007.10 (ii/B.C.) οὐδεμίαν ἀνενέγκαντες τῶι κοινῶι δαπάνην, P Rein 26.15 (B.C. 104) ἅμα τῆι συγγραφῆι ταύτηι ἀναφερομένηι, BGU IV. 1124.5 (B.C. 18) ἣν ἀνενηνόχασιν αὐτῶι. . . συνχώρησιν (cf. 1157.3), P Lond 1170 verso.31 (A.D. 258–9) (= 111. p. 195).
The subst. ἀναφορά (which is MGr) is common in the sense of ";instalment,"; e.g.P Hib I. 114.4 (B.C. 244) [ἔσ ]τιν δὲ ἡ ἀναφορὰ ἀπὸ Μεχεὶρ [ἕω ]ς Φαῶφι μηνῶν θ ̄ κτλ., ";the instalment for the nine months from Mecheir to Phaophi is . . ."; P Eleph 17.19 ff. (B.C. 223–2) ἧς τὴν πρώτην ἀναφορὰν καταβεβλήκασιν. . . διὰ τὸ μὴ εἰσχύειν αὐτοὺς καταβαλεῖν τὰς λοιπὰς ἀναφοράς, P Lond 286.18 (A.D. 88) (= II. p. 184) ἃς κ (αὶ) διαγράψομεν ἐν ἀναφοραῖς δέκα κατὰ μ [ῆνα ], P Iand 26.18 (A.D. 98) τ ̣ὸν [δὲ ] φόρον ἀποδόσωι. ε ̣̓[ν ἀν ]α ̣φορ ̣αι ̣̑ς ̣ τέσσα ̣ρσι. In P Oxy I. 67.4 (A.D. 338) it means ";petition";—ἐνέτυχον διὰ ἀναφορᾶς τῷ κυρίῳ μου κτλ.
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