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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #303 - ἀνά
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- into the midst, in the midst, amidst, among, between
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ἀνά [ ᾰνᾰ ],
Aeol., Thess., Arc., Cypr. ὀν, Pr governing gen., dat., and acc. By apocope ἀνά becomes ἄν before dentals, as ἂν τὸν ὀδελόν; ἄγ before gutturals, as ἂγ γύαλα; ἄμ before labials, as ἂμ βωμοῖσι, ἂμ πέτραις, etc.; ἀμπεπλεγμένας IG 5(2).514.10 (Arc.).
WITH GEN., three times in Od., in phrase ἀνὰ νηὸς βαίνειν go on board ship, 2.416, 9.177, 15.284; ἂν τοῦ τοίχου, τᾶς ὁδοῦ, τοῦ ῥοειδίου, IG 14.352i40, ii 15,83 (Halaesa).
WITH DAT., on, upon, without any notion of motion, , Lyr., and Trag. (only lyr.), ἀνὰ σκήπτρῳ upon the sceptre, Il. 1.15, Pi. P. 1.6; ἂμ βωμοῖσι Il. 8.441; ἀνὰ σκολόπεσσι 18.177; ἀνὰ Γαργάρῳ ἄκρῳ 15.152; ἀνὰ ὤμῳ upon the shoulder, Od. 11.128; ἀν ἵπποις, i. e. in a chariot, Pi. O. 1.41; ἂμ πέτραις A. Supp. 351 (lyr.); ἀνά τε ναυσὶν καὶ σὺν ὅπλοις E. IA 754; ἂγ Κόσσῳ GDI 1365 (Epirus).
WITH ACCU S., the comm. usage, implying motion upwards:
I of Place,
1. up, from bottom to top, up along, κίον' ἀν' ὑψηλὴν ἐρύσαι Od. 22.176; ἀνὰ μέλαθρον up to, ib. 239; [ φλὲψ] ἀνὰ νῶτα θέουσα διαμπερὲς αὐχέν' ἱκάνει Il. 13.547; ἀνὰ τὸν ποταμόν Hdt. 2.96; ἂν ῥόον up -stream, GDI 5016.11 (Gortyn); κρῆς ἂν τὸν ὀδελὸν ἐμπεπαρμένον Ar. Ach. 796 (Megarian); simply, along, ἂν τὼς ὄρως Tab.Heracl. 2.32.
2. up and down, throughout, ἀνὰ δῶμα Il. 1.570; ἀνὰ στρατόν, ἄστυ, ὅμιλον, ib. 384, Od. 8.173, etc.; ἂγ γύαλα A. Supp. 550 (lyr.); ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν Μηδικήν, ἀνὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα, Hdt. 1.96, 2.135, etc.; ὀν τὸ μέσσον Alc. 18.3; ἀνὰ τὸ σκοτεινόν in the darkness, Th. 3.22.
3. metaph., ἀνὰ θυμὸν φρονέειν, ἀνὰ στόμα ἔχειν, to have continually in the mind, in the mouth, Il. 2.36, 250; ἀν' Αἰγυπτίους ἄνδρας among them, Od. 14.286; ἀνὰ πρώτους εἶναι to be among the first, Hdt. 9.86.
II of Time,
1. throughout, ἀνὰ νύκτα all night through, Il. 14.80; ἀνὰ τὰς προτέρας ἡμέρας Hdt. 7.223; ἀνὰ τὸν πόλεμον 8.123; ἀνὰ χρόνον in course of time, 1.173, 2.151, 5.27; ἀνὰ μέσσαν ἀκτῖνα (i. e. in the south) S. OC 1247.
2. distributively, ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἡμέραν day by day, Hdt. 2.37, 130, etc.; ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος 1.136, etc.; ἀνὰ πάντα ἔτεα 8.65: also ἀνὰ πρεσβύτᾱτα in order of age, Test.Epict. 4.28.
III distributively with Numerals, κρέα εἴκοσιν ἀν' ἡμιωβολιαῖα 20 pieces of meat at half an obol each, Ar. Ra. 554; τῶν ἀν' ὀκτὼ τὠβολοῦ that sell 8 for the obol, Timocl. 18; ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγας τῆς ἡμέρας [they marched] at the rate of 5 parasangs a day, X. An. 4.6.4; ἔστησαν ἀνὰ ἑκατόν μάλιστα ὥσπερ χοροί they stood in bodies of about 100 men each. ib. 5.4.12; κλισίας ἀνὰ πεντήκοντα companies at the rate of 50 in each, Luke 9:14; ἔλαβον ἀνὰ δηνάριον a denarius apiece, Matthew 20:10; in doctor's prescriptions, ἀνὰ ὀβολὼ β Sor. 1.63, etc.: also ἀνὰ δύο ἥμισυ ζῳδίων amounting to 2 1 / 2 signs, Autol. 1.10; multiplied by, PPetr. 3p.198. Phrases: ἀνὰ κράτος up to the full strength, i. e. vigorously, ἀνὰ κράτος φεύγειν, ἀπομάχεσθαι, X. Cyr. 4.2.30, 5.3.12; ἀνὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον and ἀνὰ λόγον proportionately, Pl. Phd. 110d; esp. in math. sense, Id. Ti. 37a, Arist. APo. 85a38, etc.; ἀνὰ μέσον in the midst, Antiph. 13, Men. 531.19; ἀνὰ μέρος by turns, Arist. Pol. 1287n17.
WITH NOM. of Numerals, etc., distributively, Revelation 21:21, v. l. in Sor. 1.11, 12, cf. Orib. Fr. 50,54.
WITHOUT CASE as Adv., thereupon, Hom. and other Poets: — and with the notion of spreading all over a space, throughout, all over, μέλανες δ' ἀνὰ βότρυες ἦσαν all over there were clusters, Il. 18.562, cf. Od. 24.343: — but ἀνά often looks like an Adv. in Hom., where really it is only parted from its Verb by tmesis, ἀνὰ δ' ἔσχετο; ἀνὰ δ' ὦρτο (for ἀνῶρτο δέ) ; ἀνὰ τεύχε' ἀείρας (for τεύχεα ἀναείρας), etc.
IN COMPO S.
1 as in C. 1, up to, upwards, up, opp. κατά, as ἀνα-βαίνω, -βλέπω, ἀν-αιρέω, -ίστημι: poet. sts. doubled, ἀν' ὀρσοθύρην ἀναβαίνειν Od. 22.132.
2. hence flows the sense of increase or strengthening, as in ἀνακρίνω; though it cannot always be translated, as in Homer's ἀνείρομαι: — in this case opp. ὑπό.
3. from the notion throughout (E), comes that of repetition and improvement, as in ἀνα-βλαστάνω, -βιόω, -γεννάω.
4. the notion of back, backwards, in ἀναχωρέω, ἀνανεύω, etc., seems to come from such phrases as ἀνὰ ῥόον up, i. e. against, the stream. ἄνα, written with anastr. as Adv., up! arise! ἀλλ' ἄνα Il. 6.331, Od. 18.13: —
1. in this sense the ult. is never elided; cf. ἀλλ' ἄνα, εἰ μέμονάς γε Il. 9.247; ἀλλ' ἄνα ἐξ ἑδράνων S. Aj. 194.
2. apocop. ἄν after ὤρνυτο, ὦρτο, and up stood.. arose, Il. 3.268, 23.837, etc.
3. when used as Pr ἀνά never suffers anastrophe.
ἀνά, preposition, properly, upward, up (cf. the adverb ἄνω, opposed to κατά and κάτω), denoting motion from a lower place to a higher (cf. Winer's Grammar, 398 (372) n.); rare in the N. T. and only with the accusative
1. in the expressions ἀνά μέσον (or jointly ἀναμέσον (so Rst Tr in Revelation 7:17)) into the midst, in the midst, amidst, among, between — with the genitive of place, Matthew 13:25; Mark 7:31; Revelation 7:17 (on this passage see μέσος, 2 at the end); of person, 1 Corinthians 6:5, with which cf. Sir. 25:18-17ἀνά μέσον τοῦ (Fritzsche, τῶν) πλησίον αὐτοῦ; cf. Winers Grammar, § 27, 1 at the end (Buttmann, 332 (285)) (Sir. 27:2; 1 Macc. 7:28 1 Macc. 13:40, etc.; in the Sept. for בֲּתוך, Exodus 26:28; Joshua 16:9; Joshua 19:1; Diodorus 2, 4 ἀνά μέσον τῶν χειλέων (see μέσος, 2)); ἀνά μέρος (Vulg. per partes), in turn, one after another, in succession: 1 Corinthians 14:27 (where Rec.st writes ἀναμέρος) (Polybius 4, 20, 10 ἀνά μέρος ᾄδειν).
2. joined to numerals, it has a distributive force (Winers Grammar, 398 (372); Buttmann, 331f (285)): John 2:6 (ἀνά μετρητάς δύο ἤ τρεῖς two or three metretae apiece); Matthew 20:9f (ἔλαβον ἀνά δηνάριον they received each a denarius); Luke 9:3 (Tr brackets; WH omits ἀνά;
3. Prefixed to verbs ἀνά signifies,
a. upward, up, up to (Latinad, German auf), as in ἀνακρούειν, ἀναβαίνειν, ἀναβάλλειν, ἀνακράζειν, etc.
b. it corresponds to the Latinad (German an), to (indicating the goal), as in ἀναγγέλλειν (others would refer this to d.), ἀνάπτειν.
c. it denotes repetition, renewal, equivalent todenuo, anew, over again, as in ἀναγεννᾶν.
d. it corresponds to the Latinre,retro, back, backward, as in ἀνακάμπτειν, ἀναχωρεῖν, etc. Cf. Winer's De verb. comp. Part iii., p. 3f
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ἀνά ,
prep. (the rarest in NT; M, Pr., 98; MM, VGT, s.v.), prop.,
upwards, up, always c. acc
1. In phrases: ἀ . μέσον , among, between, c. gen., Matthew 13:1-58; Matthew 25:1-46, Mark 7:31, 1 Corinthians 6:5 (M, Pr., 99), Revelation 7:17 [so in LXX for בְּתוׄך׃ ]; ἀ . μέρος , in turn, 1 Corinthians 14:27 (both found in Polyb.; cf. MGr. ἀνάμεσα ).
2. Distrib., apiece, by: Matthew 20:9-10, Luke 9:3 (WH om.), Luke 9:14 Luke 10:1, John 2:6, Revelation 4:8.
3. Adverbially ("a vulgarism," B1., § 51, 5; cf. Deiss., BS, 139 f.), ἀ . εἷς ἕκαστος , Revelation 21:21.
As prefix, ἀ . signifies
(a) up: ἀναβαίνειν ;
(b) to: ἀναγγέλλειν ;
(c) anew: ἀναγεννᾶν ;
(d) back: ἀνακάμπτειν .†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
ἀνά survives almost exclusively in the limited uses seen in NT. The new ";improper preposition"; ἀνὰ μέσον is common : cf. MGr ἀνάμεσα. Thus P Magd 23 (B.C. 221) ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ τε Ποώριος [sc. τοίχου ] καὶ τοῦ τοῦ ἀνδρός μου, Syll 92946 (ii/B.C.) τῆς κειμένης ἀνὰ μέσον Ἰτανίων τε καὶ Ἱεραπυτνίων, P Petr I. 11.19 (iii/B.C.) οὐλὴ ἀνὰ μέσον ὀφρύων, ib. III. 37 (a)ii. 18 (B.C. 257) χώματος τοῦ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ κλήρου, OGIS 5662 (iii/B.C.) ὧν ἀνὰ μέσον ἔσται ἡ ἀσπιδοειδὴς βασιλεία (a crown adorned with serpents), P Oxy I. 99.9 (A.D. 55) ἀνὰ μέσον οὔσης τυφλῆς ῥύμης, etc. In Syll 334 4 (B.C. 73) περὶ ἀντιλογιῶν τῶν ἀνάμ [εσον ] θεῶι Ἀμφιαράωι καὶ τῶν δημοσιωνῶν γεγονότων Dittenberger (who here prints as one word) comments on the barbarous grammar, the preposition taking dative and genitive together. Ἀνὰ λόγον ";in proportion"; is not rare : e.g. P Ryl II. 9614 (A.D. 117–8) (ἀρούρας) δή (= 3/8) ἀνὰ λόγον τῆς ἀρούρας ";at a rate per aroura."; Note ib. 88.21 (A.D. 156) οὐδὲν δέ μοι ὀ [φείλεται ὑπὲρ τ ]ῶν ἀνὰ χεῖρα χρόνων, ";the current period"; (Edd., who cite ib. 99.7, BGU I. 155.13 and IV. 1049.23). The distributive use of ἀνά is often found in papyri : thus P Oxy IV. 819 (c. A.D. 1) τὰ δὲ προκείμενα χ (όας) δ ̄ πεπρᾶσσθαι δἰ ἐμοῦ ἀνὰ δραχ (μὰς) πέντε. Radermacher (Gr. p. 16) remarks on its appearance in doctors’ prescriptions to mark the dose, and gives some other vernacular instances, noting that it began to figure in colloquial Attic in the classical age. It serves to express multiplication, as in P Petr II. 30(b).20 (iii/B.C.) β (ασιλικοῦ) ι ̄ ἀφόρου κ ̄/λ ἀνὰ γ ̄ Ð ρ ̄ε ̄ ";10 of Crown land + 20 of unproductive = 30 × 3½ = 105."; Cf. a papyrus cited by Wilcken in Archiv v. p. 245. Note P Ryl II. 168.7 (A.D. 120) ἀνὰ λαχάνου μέτρωι ἐλαιουργικῶι ἀρτάβας τρεῖς. Ἀνὰ ̣ πλέο [ν occurs in P Tebt II. 344.10 (ii/A.D.). On the possibly corrupt solecism in 1 Corinthians 6:5 see Proleg. p. 99. Nachmanson Beiträge, p. 67 cites an inscription in which distrib. ἀνά c. acc. has the same sense as a simple acc. with κατ᾽ ἄνδρα —δόντα ἐπὶ δὶς τοῖς μὲν πολείταις κατ᾽ ἄνδρα δην (άρια) δ ̄, τοῖς δὲ λοιποῖς ἐλευθέροις ἀν [ὰ ] δην (άρια) β ̄ (IG iv. 597.9 ff.—Argos, ";spät";).
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