the Fourth Week of Advent
Click here to join the effort!
Bible Dictionaries
Hard, Harden, Hardening, Hardness
Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words
or from skello, "to dry," signifies "trying, exacting:" See AUSTERE.
primarily means "hard to satisfy with food" (dus, a prefix like Eng., un, or mis, indicating "difficulty, opposition, injuriousness," ect., the opposite of, eu, "well," and kolon, "food"); hence, "difficult," Mark 10:24 , of the "difficulty," for those who trust in riches, to enter into the Kingdom of God.
akin to A, No. 1, is rendered "hardness" in Romans 2:5 .
denotes "a hardening," a covering with a poros, a kind of stone, indicating "a process" (from poroo, C, No. 1), and is used metaphorically of dulled spiritual perception, Mark 3:5 , RV, "at the hardening of their hearts;" Romans 11:25 , RV, "a hardening" (AV, "blindness"), said of the state of Israel; Ephesians 4:18 , RV, "hardening," of the heart of Gentiles. See BLINDNESS.
Note: See also under HARDSHIP and HEART (hardness of)."to make hard, callous, to petrify" (akin to B, No. 2), is used metaphorically, of the heart, Mark 6:52; 8:17; John 12:40; of the mind (or thoughts), 2 Corinthians 3:14 , of those in Israel who refused the revealed will and ways of God in the Gospel, as also in Romans 11:7 , RV, "hardened" (AV, "blinded"), in both places. See BLINDNESS.
"to make dry or hard" (akin to A, No. 1 and B, No. 1), is used in Acts 19:9; in Romans 9:18 , illustrated by the case of Pharaoh, who first persistently "hardened" his heart (see the RV marg. of Exodus 7:13,22; 8:19; text of Exodus 8:32; 9:7 ), all producing the retributive "hardening" by God, after His much long-suffering, Exodus 9:12 , etc., in Hebrews 3:8,13,15; 4:7 , warnings against the "hardening" of the heart.
These files are public domain.
Vines, W. E., M. A. Entry for 'Hard, Harden, Hardening, Hardness'. Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/ved/h/hard-harden-hardening-hardness.html. 1940.
