Lectionary Calendar

Wednesday, July 9th, 2025
the Week of Proper 9 / Ordinary 14

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Bible Lexicons

Old & New Testament Greek Lexical DictionaryGreek Lexicon

Strong's #4456 - πωρόω

Transliteration

pōróō

Phonetics

po-ro'-o

Origin

apparently from poros (a kind of stone)

Parts of Speech

verb

TDNT

5:1025,816

Definition

Thayer
Strong
Mounce

Thayer's

to cover with a thick skin, to harden by covering with a callus
metaph.
1. to make the heart dull
2. to grow hard, callous, become dull, lose the power of understanding

Hebrew Equivalent Words:

Strong #: 3543 ‑ כָּהָה (kaw‑haw');

Frequency Lists

Book
Word
Parsing

Verse Results

ASV (5)

Mark 2

John 1

Romans 1

2 Corinthians 1

BSB (5)

Mark 2

John 1

Romans 1

2 Corinthians 1

CSB (5)

Mark 2

John 1

Romans 1

2 Corinthians 1

ESV (5)

Mark 2

John 1

Romans 1

2 Corinthians 1

KJV (5)

Mark 2

John 1

Romans 1

2 Corinthians 1

LEB (0)

The Lexham English Bible
did not use
this Strong's Number

LSB (5)

Mark 2

John 1

Romans 1

2 Corinthians 1

N95 (5)

Mark 2

John 1

Romans 1

2 Corinthians 1

NAS (5)

Mark 2

John 1

Romans 1

2 Corinthians 1

NLT (4)

Mark 3

John 1

Romans 2

2 Corinthians 2

WEB (5)

Mark 2

John 1

Romans 1

2 Corinthians 1

YLT (5)

Mark 2

John 1

Romans 1

2 Corinthians 1

ASV (5)

hardened 2

he hardened 1

were hardened 2

BSB (5)

hardened 2

such hard 1

were closed 1

were hardened 1

CSB (5)

closed 1

hardened 4

ESV (5)

hardened 5

KJV (5)

blinded 2

hardened 3

LEB (0)

The Lexham English Bible
did not use
this Strong's Number

LSB (5)

hardened 5

N95 (5)

hardened 5

NAS (5)

hardened 5

NLT (4)

hardened 3

in 1

WEB (5)

hardened 2

he hardened 1

were hardened 2

YLT (5)

hard 1

hardened 2

were hardened 2

RAH

The
did not use
this Strong's Number

SWE

V-API-3P 1

V-API-3S 1

V-RAI-3S 1

V-RPP-ASF 1

V-RPP-NSF 1

ANT

V-API-3P 1

V-API-3S 1

V-RAI-3S 1

V-RPP-ASF 1

V-RPP-NSF 1

BEZ

V-AAI-3S 1

V-API-3P 1

V-API-3S 1

V-RPP-ASF 1

V-RPP-NSF 1

BGB

V-API-3P 1

V-API-3S 1

V-RAI-3S 1

V-RPP-ASF 1

V-RPP-NSF 1

BMT

V-API-3P 1

V-API-3S 1

V-RAI-3S 1

V-RPP-ASF 1

V-RPP-NSF 1

BYZ

V-API-3P 1

V-API-3S 1

V-RAI-3S 1

V-RPP-ASF 1

V-RPP-NSF 1

ELZ

V-AAI-3S 1

V-API-3P 1

V-API-3S 1

V-XPPASF 1

V-XPPNSF 1

NA26

V-3AAIS 1

V-3APIP 1

V-3APIS 1

V-XPPASF 1

V-XPPNSF 1

SBL

V-API-3P 1

V-API-3S 1

V-RAI-3S 1

V-RPP-ASF 1

V-RPP-NSF 1

SCV

V-API-3P 1

V-API-3S 1

V-RAI-3S 1

V-RPP-ASF 1

V-RPP-NSF 1

STV

V-AAI-3S 1

V-API-3P 1

V-API-3S 1

V-RPP-ASF 1

V-RPP-NSF 1

TIS

V-API-3P 1

V-API-3S 1

V-RAI-3S 1

V-RPP-ASF 1

V-RPP-NSF 1

V-AAI-3S 1

V-API-3P 1

V-API-3S 1

V-RPP-ASF 1

V-RPP-NSF 1

TRG

V-AAI-3S 1

V-API-3P 1

V-API-3S 1

V-XPPASF 1

V-XPPNSF 1

The
did not use
this Strong's Number

Liddell-Scott-Jones Definitions

πωρ-όω,

( πῶρος )

petrify, λίθος πεπωρωμένος Ael. NA 10.13 .

II cause a stone or callus to form: — Pass., of a stone forming in the bladder, Hp. Aër. 9.

2. unite fractured bones by a callus, Id. Fract. 47 ( Pass. ), Dsc. 1.70,84: — Pass., become hard, Arist. Aud. 802b8, Thphr. HP 4.15.2; become thickened, coagulated, Hp. Steril. 222.

III in Pass., become insensible, of the flesh, ὑπὸ τῆς πεπωρωμένης ἐκ τοῦ στέατος σαρκός Nymphis 16: metaph., become insensible, obtuse, or blind, of the heart, Ev.Mark 6:52, Ev.Mark 8:17, Ep.Romans 11:7; πεπώρωνται γὰρ ἀπὸ ὀργῆς οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου LXX Job 17:7 .

Thayer's Expanded Definition

πωρόω, πώρω: 1 aorist ἐπωρωσα (John 12:40 T Tr WH); perfect πεπώρωκα; perfect passive participle πεπωρωμενος; 1 aorist passive ἐπωρωθην; (πῶρος, hard skin, a hardening, induration); to cover with a thick skin, to harden by covering with a callus (R. V. everywhere simply to harden): metaphorically, καρδίαν, to make the heart dull, John 12:40; passive, to grow hard or callous, become dull, lose the power of understanding: Romans 11:7; τά νοήματα, 2 Corinthians 3:14; ἡ καρδία, Mark 6:52; Mark 8:17. Cf. Fritzsche, Commentary on Mark, p. 78f; on Romans, ii., p. 451f. ((Hippocrates (), Aristotle, others.))

Abbott-Smith Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament

πωρόω , -ῶ

(< πῶρος , 1. a stone. 2. a callus),

[in LXX: Job 17:7 B (H3543), Proverbs 10:20 A *;]

to petrify, harden, form a callus. Metaph., Papyri τ . καρδίαν , John 12:40. Pass., Romans 11:7; τ . νοήματα , 2 Corinthians 3:14; ἡ καρδία , Mark 6:52; Mark 8:17 †

Abbott-Smith Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.

Vocabulary of the Greek NT

";sard"; (Revelation 4:3; Revelation 21:20), a red stone, perhaps the ";cornelian"; : cf. Syll 588.3 (c. B.C. 180) δακτὐλιον χρυσοῦν σάρδιον.

List of Word Forms

επωρωθη επωρώθη ἐπωρώθη επωρωθησαν επωρώθησαν ἐπωρώθησαν επωρωσεν ἐπώρωσεν πεπώρωκεν πεπωρωμενη πεπωρωμένη πεπωρωμενην πεπωρωμένην πεπώρωνται eporosen epōrōsen epṓrosen epṓrōsen eporothe eporṓthe epōrōthē epōrṓthē eporothesan eporṓthesan epōrōthēsan epōrṓthēsan peporomene peporoméne pepōrōmenē pepōrōménē peporomenen peporoménen pepōrōmenēn pepōrōménēn