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Wednesday, July 2nd, 2025
the Week of Proper 8 / Ordinary 13

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Bible Lexicons

Old & New Testament Greek Lexical DictionaryGreek Lexicon

Strong's #4645 - σκληρύνω

Transliteration

sklērýnō

Phonetics

sklay-roo'-no

Origin

from (G4642)

Parts of Speech

verb

TDNT

5:1030,816

Definition

Thayer
Strong
Mounce

Thayer's

to make hard, harden
metaph.
1. to render obstinate, stubborn
2. to be hardened
3. to become obstinate or stubborn

Hebrew Equivalent Words:

Strong #: 2388 ‑ חָזַק (khaw‑zak'); 3513 ‑ כָּבַד (kaw‑bad, kaw‑bade'); 7185 ‑ קָשָׁה (kaw‑shaw'); 7188 ‑ קָשַׁח (kaw‑shakh');

Frequency Lists

Book
Word
Parsing

Verse Results

ASV (6)

Acts 1

Romans 1

Hebrews 4

BSB (6)

Acts 1

Romans 1

Hebrews 4

CSB (6)

Acts 1

Romans 1

Hebrews 4

ESV (6)

Acts 1

Romans 1

Hebrews 4

KJV (6)

Acts 1

Romans 1

Hebrews 4

LEB (0)

The Lexham English Bible
did not use
this Strong's Number

LSB (7)

Acts 2

Romans 1

Hebrews 4

N95 (7)

Acts 2

Romans 1

Hebrews 4

NAS (7)

Acts 2

Romans 1

Hebrews 4

NLT (6)

Acts 2

Romans 3

Hebrews 6

WEB (6)

Acts 1

Romans 1

Hebrews 4

YLT (6)

Acts 1

Romans 1

Hebrews 4

ASV (6)

be hardened 1

be hardeneth 1

harden 3

were hardened 1

BSB (6)

harden 3

he hardens 1

may be hardened 1

stubbornly 1

CSB (6)

harden 3

hardened 2

hardens 1

ESV (6)

harden 3

hardened 1

hardens 1

stubborn 1

KJV (6)

harden 3

hardened 2

hardeneth 1

LEB (0)

The Lexham English Bible
did not use
this Strong's Number

LSB (7)

becoming 1

harden 3

hardened 2

hardens 1

N95 (7)

becoming 1

harden 3

hardened 2

hardens 1

NAS (7)

becoming 1

harden 3

hardened 2

hardens 1

NLT (6)

against 1

harden 4

stubborn 1

WEB (6)

be hardened 1

harden 3

he hardens 1

were hardened 1

YLT (6)

harden 3

he doth harden 1

may be hardened 1

were hardened 1

RAH

The
did not use
this Strong's Number

SWE

V-APS-3S 1

V-IPI-3P 1

V-PAI-3S 1

V-PAS-2P 3

ANT

V-APS-3S 1

V-IPI-3P 1

V-PAI-3S 1

V-PAS-2P 3

BEZ

V-AAS-2P 3

V-APS-3S 1

V-IPI-3P 1

V-PAI-3S 1

BGB

V-APS-3S 1

V-IPI-3P 1

V-PAI-3S 1

V-PAS-2P 3

BMT

V-APS-3S 1

V-IPI-3P 1

V-PAI-3S 1

V-PAS-2P 3

BYZ

V-APS-3S 1

V-IPI-3P 1

V-PAI-3S 1

V-PAS-2P 3

ELZ

V-AAS-2P 3

V-APS-3S 1

V-IPI-3P 1

V-PAI-3S 1

NA26

V-2AASP 3

V-3APSS 1

V-3IPIP 1

V-3PAIS 1

SBL

V-APS-3S 1

V-IPI-3P 1

V-PAI-3S 1

V-PAS-2P 3

SCV

V-APS-3S 1

V-IPI-3P 1

V-PAI-3S 1

V-PAS-2P 3

STV

V-APS-3S 1

V-IPI-3P 1

V-PAI-3S 1

V-PAS-2P 3

TIS

V-APS-3S 1

V-IPI-3P 1

V-PAI-3S 1

V-PAS-2P 3

V-AAS-2P 3

V-APS-3S 1

V-IPI-3P 1

V-PAI-3S 1

TRG

V-AAS-2P 1

V-APS-3S 1

V-IPI-3P 1

V-PAI-3S 1

The
did not use
this Strong's Number

Liddell-Scott-Jones Definitions

σκληρ-ύνω,

harden, opp. μαλάσσω, Hp. Acut. 45, Arist. HA 548b23: — Pass., with pf. ἐσκλήρυσμαι Hp. Liqu. 6, and -υμμαι, to be hardened, grow hard, Id. VM 22, Thphr. Lap. 11 .

2. metaph., ς. τὴν καρδίαν τινός harden his heart, LXX Exodus 7:3,al., Ep.Hebrews 3:8,cf. Ep.Romans 9:18 : — Pass., LXX Si. 30.12 .

Thayer's Expanded Definition

σκληρύνω (cf. Winer's Grammar, 92 (88)); 1 aorist subjunctive 2 person plural σκληρύνητε; passive, imperfect ἐσκληρυνομην; 1 aorist ἐσκληρυνθην; (σκληρός, which see); the Sept. for הִקְשָׁה and הִזֵּק, to make hard, to harden; properly, in Hippocrates and Galen; metaphorically, to render obstinate, stubborn (A. V. to harden): τινα, Romans 9:18 (in opposed to those who interpret it to treat harshly, cf. Fritzsche, vol. ii., p. 323f; (cf., too, Meyer at the passage)); τήν καρδίαν τίνος, Hebrews 3:8, 15 and Hebrews 4:7 (from Psalm 94:8 (); cf. Exodus 7:3, 22; Exodus 8:19; Exodus 9:12); passive (the Sept. for קָשָׁה and חָזַק) to be hardened, i. e. become obstinate or stubborn: Acts 19:9; Hebrews 3:13.

Abbott-Smith Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament

σκληρύνω

(< σκληρός ),

[in LXX chiefly for H7185 hi., also for H2388;]

to harden. Metaph., to harden, make stubborn: c. acc pers., Romans 9:18; T. καρδίας (Psalms 95:8), Hebrews 3:8; Hebrews 3:15; Hebrews 4:7. Pass., to become hardened: Acts 19:9, Hebrews 3:13.†

Abbott-Smith Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.

Vocabulary of the Greek NT

For this word which is used of the covered ";portico"; or ";colonnade"; (AV, RV ";porch";) of the Temple in John 10:23, Acts 3:11, we may cite the following exx.—CP Herm I. 119 rectoiii. 16 πρὸς τῇ καμ ̣άρᾳ ὑπὸ στοὰν Ἀντινοϊτικῆς πλατίας, BGU IV. 1167.33 (B.C. 12) ἐν τῇ τετραγώ (νῳ) στοᾷ οἰκητηρίο (υ), ib. 1127.34 (B.C. 8) εἰς τὸ τῆς στοᾶς λογιστήριον, P Oxy XII. 1406.11 (edict of Caracalla—A.D. 213–17) προετέθη ἐν Β ̣[αβυλῶνι ?] ὑπὸ στ ̣[ο ]ᾷ δημο ̣σι ̣ᾳ, ";published at B[abylon ?] in the public colonnade"; (Edd.), ib. XVI..13 (A.D. 505) ὑπ [ὸ τ ]ὴν νοτιν [ὴ ]ν δημοσίαν στοάν, Michel 1001ii. 17 (c. B.C. 200) εἴ κα μή τις στοὰν οἰκοδομῆσαι προαιρεῖται, Syll 588.245 (c. B.C. 180) ἐνωπίωι τῶν στοῶν, and C. and B. i. p. 155, No. 61 (A.D. 136–7) τὴν ἐξέδραν καὶ τὴν στουὰν παρ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ ἀποκαθέστησεν.

List of Word Forms

εσκλήρυναν εσκλήρυνας εσκλήρυνε εσκληρύνθη εσκληρυνοντο εσκληρύνοντο ἐσκληρύνοντο σκληρυνει σκληρύνει σκληρυνείτε σκληρυνητε σκληρύνητε σκληρυνθείη σκληρυνθη σκληρυνθή σκληρυνθῇ σκληρυνομένη σκληρυνώ σκληρώς σκνίπα σκνίπες σκολιάζων esklerunonto esklērunonto esklerynonto esklerýnonto esklērynonto esklērýnonto sklerunei sklērunei sklerunete sklērunēte sklerunthe sklērunthē sklerynei sklerýnei sklērynei sklērýnei sklerynete sklerýnete sklērynēte sklērýnēte sklerynthe sklērynthē sklerynthêi sklērynthē̂i