the Week of Proper 17 / Ordinary 22
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Bible Lexicons
Old Testament Hebrew Lexical Dictionary Hebrew Lexicon
Strong's #5650 - עֶבֶד
- Brown-Driver-Briggs
- Strong
- slave, servant
- slave, servant, man-servant
- subjects
- servants, worshippers (of God)
- servant (in special sense as prophets, Levites etc)
- servant (of Israel)
- servant (as form of address between equals)
- Book
- Word
did not use
this Strong's Number
2518) dbo (אהבד AhBD) AC: Serve CO: Servant AB: Service: A work performed or made for another out of obligation, requirement or gratitude. (eng: obey)
V) dbo (אהבד AhBD) - I. Serve:To provide a service to another or to work at a profession. [Hebrew and Aramaic] II. Do:[Aramaic only] KJV (318): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Hiphil, Hophal, Pual) serve, do, till, servant, work, worshipper, service, dress, labour, ear, make, go, keep, move, wrought - Strongs: H5647 (עָבַד), H5648 (עֲבַד)
Nm) dbo (אהבד AhBD) - Servant: KJV (808): servant, manservant, bondman, bondage, bondservant, sides - Strongs: H5649 (עֲבַד), H5650 (עֶבֶד), H5652 (עֲבָד)
Nf3) tfdbo (אהבדות AhBDWT) - Servitude: A forced service. KJV (3): bondage - Strongs: H5659 (עַבְדוּת)
am) dbom (מאהבד MAhBD) - Service: [Hebrew and Aramaic] KJV (2): work - Strongs: H4566 (מַעֲבָד), H4567 (מַעֲבָד)
bf1) edibo (אהבידה AhBYDH) - Service: [Aramaic only] KJV (6): work, affair, service - Strongs: H5673 (עֲבִידָה)
cf1) edfbo (אהבודה AhBWDH) - Service: KJV (141): service, servile, work, bondage, act, serve, servitude, tillage, effect, labour - Strongs: H5656 (עֲבוֹדָה)
df1) edfbo (אהבודה AhBWDH) - Servant: KJV (2): servant, household - Strongs: H5657 (עֲבֻדָּה)
Jeff Benner, Ancient Hebrew Research Center Used by permission of the author.
1 slave, servant of household Genesis 39:17,19; Genesis 41:12; Genesis 50:2; Exodus 21:2 +; Prayer of Manasseh -servant, "" אמה Exodus 20:10; Leviticus 25:6; Deuteronomy 5:14; Job 31:13 +; "" שׁפחה Genesis 12:16; Genesis 32:6; Jeremiah 34:11; Isaiah 14:2 +; + אדון Deuteronomy 23:16; Isaiah 24:2; Malachi 1:6 +; מִקְנַת כֶּסֶף Exodus 12:44 or יְלִיד בַּיִת Jeremiah 2:14; עֶבֶדעֲבָדִים servant of servants, humblest servant, Genesis 9:25; בֵּית עֲבָדִים house of slaves, especially Israel in Egypt Exodus 13:3,14 (D ?) Deuteronomy 5:6; Deuteronomy 6:12; Deuteronomy 7:8; Deuteronomy 8:14; Deuteronomy 13:6; Deuteronomy 13:11; Joshua 24:17; Judges 6:8; Jeremiah 34:13; Micah 6:4; וזכרת כי עבד הייתמצרים ב(ארץׅ and thou shalt remember that thou wast a slave in (the land of) Egypt Deuteronomy 5:15; Deuteronomy 15:15; Deuteronomy 16:12; Deuteronomy 24:18,22; king of Babylon is slave to ׳י Jeremiah 25:9; Jeremiah 27:6; Jeremiah 43:10; the borrower to the lender Proverbs 22:7; figurative of beast Job 40:28; of things Genesis 47:19.
2 Subjects, of chief Genesis 26:15,19,25,32; Genesis 27:37; Genesis 32:17 (twice in verse) +; of king Genesis 21:25; Exodus 7:28; Exodus 7:29; 1 Kings 9:27; Deuteronomy 29:1 +; vassal kings 2 Samuel 10:19; tributary nations 2 Samuel 8:2,6,14 = 1 Chronicles 18:2,6,13; specifically officers of king 1 Samuel 19:1; 1 Samuel 21:8; 2 Samuel 11:13; Proverbs 14:35 +; עַבְדֵי פַרְעֹה Genesis 40:20; Genesis 41:10; שָׁאוּל׳ע 1 Samuel 16:17; 1 Samuel 18:22; 1 Samuel 28:7; הַמֶּלֶךְ׳ע 1 Kings 1:47; Esther 3:3 +; עֶבֶד הַמֶּלֶךְ 2 Kings 22:12 2 Chronicles 34:20 (a court offical); opposed to שַׂר Proverbs 19:10; Ecclesiastes 10:7; מֶלֶךְ Proverbs 30:22; ambassadors Numbers 22:18; 2 Samuel 10:2; soldiers of army 1 Samuel 17:8; 1 Samuel 25:10; 2 Samuel 2:12, + officers of army 1 Samuel 29:3; 1 Kings 11:26; 2 Kings 25:8; Isaiah 36:9.
3 Servants, worshippers, of God: עַבְדֵי יהוה 2 Kings 9:7; 2 Kings 10:23; Isaiah 54:17, compare Genesis 50:17; Isaiah 56:6; עֲבָדָיו Deuteronomy 32:36 = Psalm 135:14; Isaiah 65:15; Isaiah 66:14; Psalm 34:23; Psalm 69:37; Nehemiah 2:20; "" עַמּוֺ Psalm 105:25 compare Deuteronomy 32:43; עֲבָּדַי Isaiah 65:8,9,13 (twice in verse); Isaiah 69:13; Isaiah 69:14; עֲבָדֶיךָ 1 Kings 8:23; Isaiah 63:17 ("" שִׁבְטֵי נחלתך), Psalm 89:51; Psalm 90:13; Psalm 90:16; Psalm 102:15; Psalm 102:29; Psalm 119:91; Psalm 79:2; Psalm 79:10 ("" חֲסִידֶיךָ); delivered from Egypt Leviticus 25:42,55 (twice in verse); Leviticus 26:13 (P); עַבְדְּךָ Psalm 119:125; Psalm 143:2, "" בֶּןאֲֿמָתֶ֑ךָ Psalm 86:16; Psalm 116:16 (twice in verse); specifically angels Job 4:18; and ancient worthies, patriarchs Exodus 32:13 (J) Deuteronomy 9:27; Abraham Genesis 26:24 (J) Psalm 105:6; Psalm 105:42; Isaac Genesis 24:14 (J); Jacob, Israel Ezekiel 28:25; Ezekiel 37:25; 1 Chronicles 16:13; Moses Exodus 14:31; Joshua 18:7 (J) Numbers 12:7,8 (E) Deuteronomy 34:5 (?) Joshua 1:1,2,7,13,15; Joshua 8:31,33; Joshua 9:24; Joshua 11:12,15; Joshua 12:6 (twice in verse); Joshua 13:8; Joshua 14:7; Joshua 22:2,4,5 (all D), 1 Kings 8:53,56; 2 Kings 18:12; 2 Kings 21:8; 1 Chronicles 6:34; 2 Chronicles 1:3; 24:6,9; Nehemiah 1:8; Nehemiah 9:14; Nehemiah 10:30; Psalm 105:26; Malachi 3:22; Daniel 9:11; Joshua Joshua 24:29 (E) Judges 2:8; Caleb Numbers 14:24 (J); Job Job 1:8; Job 2:3; Job 42:7,8 (3t. in verse); David 2 Samuel 3:18; 2 Samuel 7:5,8,26 27t.; Hezekiah 2 Chronicles 32:16; Zerubbabel Haggai 2:23; Eliakim Isaiah 22:20. — The צֶמַח Zechariah 3:8; compare Zechariah 6:12 is also servant of ׳י as Messianic builder of temple (see Br MP 442ff).
4 Servant of ׳י, in a special sense: of Levitical singers using benedictions in temple Psalm 113:1; Psalm 134:1; Psalm 135:1; usually of prophets, עֲבָדַי הַנְּבִיאִים my servants the prophets 2 Kings 9:7; 2 Kings 17:13; Jeremiah 7:25; Jeremiah 26:5; Jeremiah 29:19; Jeremiah 35:15; Jeremiah 44:4; Ezekiel 38:17; Zechariah 1:6; עֲבָדָיו הַנְּבִיאִים 2 Kings 17:23; 2 Kings 21:10; 2 Kings 24:2; Jeremiah 25:4; Amos 3:7; Daniel 9:10; עֲבָדֶיךָ הנביאים Ezra 9:11; Daniel 9:6; specifically Ahia 1 Kings 14:18; 1 Kings 15:29; Elijah 2 Kings 9:36; 2 Kings 10:10; Jonah 2Kings 14:25; Isaiah Isaiah 20:3; עַבְדּוֺ, "" מלאכיו Isaiah 44:26; as one calling to fear ׳י Isaiah 50:10.
5 Israel as a people is servant of ׳׃ייִשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 41:8,9; Isaiah 44:21 (twice in verse); Isaiah 49:3; Psalm 136:22; יעקב Isaiah 44:1; Isaiah 44:2; Isaiah 45:4; Isaiah 48:20; Jeremiah 30:10; Jeremiah 46:27; Jeremiah 47:28; עַבְדִּי = עֶבֶד יהוה, "" מַלְאָכִי, as having a mission to the nations Isaiah 42:19 (twice in verse); and chosen as witness of ׳י Isaiah 43:10. But there is also an ideal servant chosen and endowed with the divine Spirit to be a covenant of Israel and a light of the nations Isaiah 42:1 (compare Isaiah 42:2-6); formed to bring back Jacob, raise up the tribes, and become salvation to the end of the earth Isaiah 49:5,6,7; bearing the sins of all as a lamb and a trespass-offering, and yet prospering and justifying many as interposing martyr Isaiah 52:13; Isaiah 53:11: many understand of ideal Israel, contrasted with the actual; al. of personified "" with Zion the wife and mother, distinguished from unworthy Israel as Zion from her apostate children; al. of ideal prophetic writer; al. of ideal prophetic person; al. (especially in Isaiah 53) of an actual prophecy known to writer and his readers; [in any case it is Messianic, see Matthew 8:16,17; 12:16-21; Luke 4:17-22; Philippians 2:5-11]; see De Isa ii. 174 Da Expos. 1884,358 ff. Di Du Che and others on Isaiah 42; Isaiah 53, Dr Isaiah 168 ff. Br MP 345 ff., also Gie Beitr. 146 ff. Berthol Isaiah 53.
6 In polite address of equals or superiors the Hebrews usedעַבְדְּךָ thy servant = 1person singular, I, Genesis 18:3; 1 Samuel 20:7,8 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 8:13 +; עֲבָדֶיךָ thy servants = we Genesis 42:11; Isaiah 36:11; also עַבְדּוֺ his servant = I, 1 Samuel 26:18,19; 2 Samuel 14:22; 2 Samuel 24:21 +; also in addressing God, especially in prayer Exodus 4:10; Numbers 11:11; Judges 15:18; 1 Samuel 3:9,10; 1 Samuel 25:39; 2 Samuel 24:10; Psalm 19:12; Psalm 19:14; Psalm 27:9; Psalm 31:17; Psalm 35:27; Psalm 69:18; Psalm 109:28; Psalm 143:2 +.
7 Phrases are: עבד (היה), with לְ person, become servant to Genesis 9:26,27; Genesis 44:10,16,17,33; Genesis 47:19,26 (J) Deuteronomy 6:21; Deuteronomy 15:17; 2 Samuel 8:14; 2 Kings 17:3; 2 Kings 24:1; 1 Chronicles 18:2,6,13; 2 Chronicles 10:7; Proverbs 11:29; Proverbs 12:9; Proverbs 22:7; היה לעבד, with לְ person, Genesis 44:9 (J) Genesis 50:18 (E) 1 Samuel 8:17; 1 Samuel 17:9 (twice in verse); 1 Samuel 27:12; 2 Samuel 8:2,6; Jeremiah 34:16; כבשׁ לעבדים 2 Chronicles 28:10; Nehemiah 5:5; Jeremiah 34:11; ׳לקח לע Genesis 43:18 (J) 2 Kings 4:1; Job 40:28.
עֶבֶד m.
(1) a servant, (Knecht), who, amongst the Hebrews, was commonly a slave (Gklan, Leibeigener), Genesis 12:16, 17:23 39:17 Exodus 12:30, 44 Exodus 12:44 and so very frequently. Genesis 9:25, עֶבֶד עֲבָדִים “a servant of servants,” the lowest servant. The name of servant is also applied
(a) to a whole people when subject and tributary to another, Genesis 9:26, 27 27:37.
(b) to the servants of a king, i.e. his ministers and courtiers; e.g. עַבְדֵי פַרְעֹה Genesis 40:20, 41:10, 37 Genesis 41:37, 38 Genesis 41:38, 50:7 Exodus 5:21, 7:10 10:7 עַבְדֵי שָׁאוּל 1 Samuel 16:17, 18:22 28:7 to messengers, -2 Sam. 10:24 ; to military captains, Isaiah 36:9 and to the common soldiers themselves, 2 Samuel 2:12, 13 2 Samuel 2:13, 15 2 Samuel 2:15, 30 2 Samuel 2:30, 31 2 Samuel 2:31, 3:22 8:7 and so frequently.
(c) once figuratively (by zeugma) used of inanimate things, Genesis 47:19 compare Jdt_3:4. The Hebrews, in speaking to superiors, either from modesty or else lowly adulation, call themselves servants, and those to whom they speak lords, (see אָדוֹן ). Genesis 18:3, “pass not by thy servant,” i.e. me, Genesis 19:19, 42:11 44:16, 21 Genesis 44:21, 23 Genesis 44:23, 46:34 Isaiah 36:11; Daniel 1:12, 13 2:4 [Chal.]; so in prayers offered to God, Psalms 19:12, 14 Psalms 19:14, 27:9 31:17 69:18 86:2, Psalms 86:4, 119:17 Nehemiah 1:6,. Daniel 10:17, “how can the servant of my lord talk with my lord?” i.e. how can I talk with thee? עַבְדְּךָ thy servant is thus put for אָנֹכִי; so that the suffix of the first person may refer to it; see Genesis 44:32, “for thy servant became surety (i.e. I became surety) for the lad with my father.” Absent persons even, whom one wishes to commend to the favour of a patron, are called their servants; as Genesis 44:27, “thy servant, my father said to us,” Genesis 30:31, 32:20.
(2) עֶבֶד יְהֹוָה is figuratively applied in various senses. It is
(a) a worshipper of God; Nehemiah 1:10, הֵם עֲבָדֶיךָ וְעַמֶּךָ “they (the Israelites) are thy servants and thy people;” compare Chaldee Ezra 5:11, “we are the servants of the God of heaven,” i.e. we worship the God of heaven; Daniel 6:21, “O Daniel, servant of the living God,” i.e. who worshippest the living God. In this sense it is used as a kind of laudatory epithet applied to the pious worshippers of God; e.g. to Abraham, Psalms 105:6, 42 Psalms 105:42 to Joshua, Joshua 24:29; Judges 2:8 to Job, Job 1:8, 2:3 42:8 to David, Psalms 18:1, 36:1 78:70 89:4, 21 Psalms 89:21; Jeremiah 33:21, seqq.; Ezekiel 34:23 to Eliakim, Isaiah 22:20 to Zerubbabel, Haggai 2:23 and in plur. עַבְדֵי יְהֹוָה is often applied to godly men, Ps. 34:23 69:37 113:1 134:1 135:1, Psalms 135:9, 136:22 Isaiah 54:17, 63:17 65:8, Isaiah 65:9, -1315 ; Jeremiah 30:10, 46:27. In other places it is
(b) the minister, or ambassador of God, called and sent by God for accomplishing some service; Isaiah 49:6, נָקֵל מִהְיוֹתְךָ לִי עֶבֶד לְהָקִים אֶת שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׁרָאֵל וגו׳ “it is a light thing that thou shouldest be my servant (i.e. messenger, and as it were instrument), to raise up the tribes of Israel … I will make thee to be a light for the nations,” etc., verse Isaiah 49:5. In this sense it is applied to the Messiah, Zechariah 3:8 to Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, whom God used as an instrument in chastising his people, Jerem. 25:9 27:6 43:10 commonly, however, there is the added notion of a familiar servant chosen and beloved of God, on account of piety and approved fidelity, to accomplish his objects; in this sense it is applied to angels (in the other hemistich מַלְאָכִים), Job 4:18 and to prophets, Amos 3:7; Jeremiah 7:25, 25:4 26:5 29:19 35:15 44:4 Daniel 9:6; Ezra 9:11 specially to Moses, Deuteronomy 34:5; Joshua 1:1, 13 Joshua 1:13, 15 Joshua 1:15; Psalms 105:26 to Isaiah, Isaiah 20:3. Sometimes both notions, that of a man piously worshipping God, and of a divine messenger, seem to have coalesced; this is the case in the passages in which it is used of Abraham, Moses, etc., and also especially, as I consider, where Israel or Jacob, i.e. the people of Israel, is called by this honourable and endearing name, Isaiah 41:8, Isaiah 41:9, 42:19 44:1, Isaiah 44:2, 21 Isaiah 44:21, 45:4 48:20 but still it is the godly who are especially to be understood, i.e. those truly called Israelites, ἀληθινοὶ Ἰσρ. Isaiah 43:10, 49:3 (on this place see my observation in the Germ. Trans. ed. 2), [this passage, whatever may be said about it, belongs to Christ]. And amongst these, this name belongs especially to the prophets, Isaiah 42:1, 44:26 49:3, Isaiah 49:5, 52:13 53:11. [All these passages speak of Christ.] That same Jacob who is called the servant of God, is sometimes in the other hemistich called the chosen of God, Isaiah 41:8, 42:1 45:4 sometimes his ambassador and friend, Isaiah 42:19 and even in the plur. ambassadors, Isaiah 44:26. But in all the passages concerning the servant of God in the latter half of Isaiah (-42:17 ; -49:19 ; -50:410 ; -52:1353:12 ), he is represented as the intimate friend and ambassador of God, aided by his Spirit, who is to be the restorer of the tribes of Israel, and the instructor of other nations. [Most of these passages refer to Christ, and to Him only.]
(3) (“servant, sc. of God”), [Ebed], pr.n. m.
(a) Judges 9:26, 28 Judges 9:28.
(b) Ezra 8:6.