the Week of Proper 25 / Ordinary 30
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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2323 - θεραπεύω
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- to serve, do service
- to heal, cure, restore to health
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θερᾰπ-εύω,
later also θᾰρᾰπεύω (q.v.), fut. -εύσω Th. 2.51, etc.: —
Med., fut. -εύσομαι h.Ap. 390: aor. ἐθεραπευσάμην Nicostr. ap. Stob. 4.23.65 codd., Gal. 11.295: —
Pass., fut. -ευθήσομαι Id. 10.617: fut. Med. in pass. sense, Antipho 4.2.4, Pl. Alc. 1.135e: aor. ἐθεραπεύθην Id. Chrm. 157b, etc.: —
I to be an attendant, do service, once in Hom., Od. 13.265: — Med., h.Ap. 390.
II
1. do service to the gods, ἀθανάτους, θεοὺς θ., Hes. Op. 135, Hdt. 2.37, X. Mem. 1.4.13, etc.; δαίμονα Pi. P. 3.109; Διόνυσον, Μούσας, E. Ba. 82 (lyr.), IT 1105 (lyr.); θ. Φοίβου ναούς serve them, Id. Ion 111 (anap.): abs., worship, Lys. 6.51; do service or honour to one's parents, E. Ion 183 (lyr.), Pl. R. 467a, Men. 91a; serve, wait upon a master, Id. Euthphr. 13d, cf. Ar. Eq. 59, 1261, etc.; θ. τὰς θήκας reverence men's graves, Pl. R. 469a.
2. in Prose, pay court to, [ τινα ] Hdt. 3.80, etc.; in bad sense, flatter, wheedle, Th. 3.12; θ. τὸ πλῆθος, τοὺς πολλούς, Id. 1.9, Plu. Per. 34; conciliate, τινὰ χρημάτων δόσει Th. 1.137, cf. Hdn. 2.2.8; τὸ θεραπεῦον,= οἱ θεραπεύοντες, Th. 3.39; θ. γυναῖκα pay her attention, X. Cyr. 5.1.18; also τὰς θύρας τινὸς θ. wait at a man's door, ib. 8.1.6; αὐλὰς θ. καὶ σατράπας Men. 897; αὐλὰς βασιλικὰς θ. D.L. 9.63.
3. of things, consult, attend to, τὸ ξυμφέρον Th. 3.56; ἡδονὴν θ. indulge one's love of pleasure, X. Cyr. 5.5.41; θ. τὸ παρόν look to, provide for the present, S. Ph. 149 (anap.); τὸ ναυτικόν Th. 2.65; τὴν ἄνοιξιν τῶν πυλῶν Id. 4.67; θ. τοὺς καιρούς D. 18.307: c. inf., take care that.., θ. τὸ μὴ θορυβεῖν, μὴ λείπεσθαι, Th. 6.61, 7.70; θ. ὅπως πολιτεύσουσι Id. 1.19; θ. ὡς.. Longus 4.1.
4. θ. τὸ σῶμα take care of one's person, Pl. Grg. 513d; θ. αὑτούς Plu. Eum. 9; θ. τὰς τρίχας Longus 4.4; μύροις χαίτην θ. Archestr. Fr. 62.3; θ. τοὺς πόδας LXX 2 Kings 19:24 : c. acc. et inf., θ. κόμην φαίνεσθαι λιπαράν Plu. Lyc. 22.
5. foster, τὴν ψυχήν, τὴν διάνοιαν, Pl. Cra. 440c, R. 403d; θ. κάδεα brood over sorrows, Pi. I. 8(7).8.
6. θ. ἡμέρην observe a day, keep it as a feast, Hdt. 3.79; ἱερὰ -όμενα Th. 4.98.
7. treat medically, Hp. VM 9, Th. 2.47, 51; τοὺς τετρωμένους X. Cyr. 3.2.12; τραύματα Phld. Piet. 89; μὴ θεραπεύειν βέλτιον· θεραπευόμενοι γὰρ ἀπόλλυνται ταχέως Hp. Aph. 6.38; ταύτην τὴν θεραπείαν θεραπεύσεσθαι Antipho 4.2.4; θ. νόσημα Isoc. 19.28; σώματα -όμενα Pl. Lg. 684c; ὀφθαλμούς Arist. EN 1102a19: abs., οἱ θεραπεύοντες Phld. Ir. p.29 W.: metaph., ὁ κοινὸς ἰατρός σε θεραπεύσει χρόνος Philippid. 32; λύπην.. οἶδε θεραπεύειν λόγος Men. 591; τὰ πονοῦντα μέρη τῆς νεώς D.S. 4.41; τὰς ὑποψίας allayed, Plu. Lu 22; ὑπόνοιαν Phlp. in de An. 408.3; δυστυχίαν assuage it, Luc. Ind. 6.
8. of animals, train, ἵππους Pl. Grg. 516e.
9. of land, cultivate, X. Oec. 5.12; of trees, train, Hdt. 1.193; στέλεχος Thphr. HP 2.7.3.
10. prepare, dress, food or drugs, Archestr. Fr. 13.4, al., Dsc. 2.76 (Pass.).
11. mend garments, PGiss. 79iv3 (Pass., ii A.D.).
θεραπεύω; imperfect ἐθεράπευον; future θερπεύσω; 1 aorist ἐθεράπευσα; passive, present θεραπεύομαι; imperfect ἐθεραπευομην; perfect participle τεθεραπευμενος; 1 aorist ἐθεραπευθην; (θέραψ, equivalent to θεράπων); from Homer down;
1. to serve, do service: τινα, to one; passive, θεραπεύεται ὑπό τίνος, Acts 17:25.
2. to heal, cure, restore to health: Matthew 12:10; Mark 6:5; Luke 6:7; Luke 9:6; Luke 13:14; Luke 14:3; τινα, Matthew 4:24; Matthew 8:7, 16, etc.; Mark 1:34; Mark 3:10; Luke 4:23; Luke 10:9; passive, John 5:10; Acts 4:14; Acts 5:16, etc.; τινα ἀπό τίνος, to cure one of any disease, Luke 7:21; passive, Luke 5:15; Luke 8:2; θεραπεύειν νόσους, μαλακίαν: Matthew 4:23; Matthew 9:35; Matthew 10:1; Mark 3:15 (R G L, Tr marginal reading in brackets); Luke 9:1; a wound, passive, Revelation 13:3, 12.
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θεραπεύω ,
[in LXX for H3427, etc.;]
1. to do service, serve: c. acc pers., pass., Acts 17:25.
2. As medical term, to treat (MM, Exp., xv), cure, heal: Matthew 12:10, Mark 6:5, Luke 6:7, al.; c. acc pers., Matthew 4:24, Mark 1:34, al.; seq. ἀπό , Luke 5:15; Luke 6:18; Luke 7:21; Luke 8:2; Luke 8:43; θ . νόσον (μαλακίαν ), Matthew 4:23, al.
SYN: ἰάομαι G2390 (v. Field, Notes, 60; MM, Exp., l.c.).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
The most effective point which Harnack (Luke the Physician, p. 15 f.) has gleaned after Hobart is his proof that Luke practised in Melita (Acts 28:10 ";honoured us with many honours";). To this Ramsay (Luke, p. 16 f.) has added the note that θεραπεύω, used as a medical term, means strictly ";treat medically"; rather than ";heal"; (cf. what is said s.v. θεραπεία ad init.), and it may be well to illustrate this somewhat fully both from the papyri and the inscriptions. Thus in a medical receipt of early i/A.D. for sores in the nose, P Oxy VIII. 1088.80, it is enjoined—ἀρσενικὸν τρῖψον λῆον, ὕπτιον κατακλίνας τὸν ἄνθρωπον θεράπευε, ";rub yellow orpiment smooth, then lay the man on his back and treat him"; (Edd.). From a somewhat later date, ii/iii A.D., ib. I. 40, we have a petitioner asking immunity from some form of public service on the ground that he was a doctor—.5 ff. ἰατρὸς ὑπάρχων τὴ [ν τέ ]χνην τούτους αὐτοὺς οἵτινές με εἰς λειτο [υ ]ρ [γ ]ίαν δεδώκασι ἐθεράπευσα, ";I am a doctor by profession and I have treated these very persons who have assigned me a public burden"; : to which the prefect replies—.7 f. τάχα κακῶς αὐτοὺς ἐθεράπευσας, ";perhaps your treatment was wrong ’ (Edd.). Similarly in P Flor 11. 222.14 (A.D. 256) a man writes asking that a certain medicine should be sent, ἵνα καὶ ὁ ταῦρος θεραπεύθη, ";in order that my bull may be treated,"; and in P Oxy IX. 1222.8 (iv/A.D.) a request is made that along with a colt various drugs may be forwarded, εἵνα θεραπεύσω αὐτὸν ὧδε ἔξω, ";that I may doctor him away here"; (Ed.). To these exx. we may add a heathen amulet of iii/A.D., where the meaning passes into actual healing, BGU III. 956 ἐξορκίζω ὑμᾶς κατὰ τοῦ ἁγίου ονόματος θεραπεῦσαι τὸν Διονύσιον. . . ἀπὸ πα [ν ]τὸς ῥίγου (l. ῥίγους) καὶ πυρετοῦ : with the constr. cf. Luke 5:15 al. Turning to the inscrr. a good example of the stricter meaning of the verb occurs at the end of the great inscr. from the Asclepieum at Epidaurus, Syll 802.126 (iii/B.C.) where of a παῖς ἀϊδής it is said οὗ [τος ] ὕπαρ ὑπὸ κυνὸς τῶν κατὰ τὸ ἱαρὸν θε [ραπ ]ευόμενος τοὺς ὀπ [τί ]λλους (Dor. for ὀφθαλμούς) ὑ [γιὴ ]ς ἀπῆλθε. Four or five centuries later a similar inscription from the same place, ib. 804.20, has τεθεράπευσαι, χρὴ δὲ ἀποδιδόναι τὰ ἴατρα, ";treatment has been prescribed for you, and you must pay the physician’s fee"; : the actual treatment is to follow. Cf. also OGIS 220.4 (iii/B.C.) ἐπειδὴ ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἀντίοχος ἐπέσταλκεν ὅτι τραυματίας γενόμενος ἐν τῆι μάχηι εἰς τὸν τράχηλον θεραπευθ [είη ] ὑπὸ Μητροδώρου τοῦ ἰατροῦ ἀκινδύν (ω)ς κτλ. For the verb used of religious service (as in Acts 17:25, and Isaiah 54:17 its only occurence in the LXX : see Thackeray Gr. i. p. 8) we may cite P Lond 22.5 (B.C. 164–3) (= I p. 7) ἡμῶν θεραπευουσῶν ὑπὲρ τοῦ βασίλεως —of the Twins in the Serapeum, and P Giss I. 20.20 (ii/ A.D.) (= Chrest I. p. 124 ) Where, with reference to a private shrine of the Dioscuri, the owner Apollonius is informed that a certain Areius, is ready to undertake the needful service—Ἄρειος ὁ κωλοπλάστης (";modeller";) θεραπεύει αὐτοὺς καὶ ἔλεγεν ὅτι ἐὰ [ν ] Ἀπολλώνιός μοι γράψῃ περὶ αὐτῶν, θεραπε [ύ ]σω προῖκα. So Michel 982.14 (B.C. 217–16) καλῶς καὶ εὐσεβῶς διετέλεσεν θεραπεύουσα τὰς θεάς, OGIS 90.40 (the Rosetta stone,B.C. 196) τοὺς ἱερεῖς θεραπεύειν τὰς εἰκόνας τρὶς τῆς ἡμέρας, Syll 583.80 (i/A.D.) τῶν ἱεροδούλων καὶ τὸν θεὸν θεραπευόντων, and ib. 633.11 (ii/A.D.) καὶ εὐείλατος γένοι (τ)ο ὁ θεὸς τοῖς θεραπεύουσιν ἁπλῇ τῇ ψυχῇ. In P Tor I. 1 ii. 22 (B.C. 117–6) the verb is used with reference to those who ";care for"; dead bodies—αἶς (sc .θεαῖς) ἀθέμιτά ἐστιν νεκρὰ σώματα, καὶ οἱ ταῦτα θεραπεύοντες, and in P Giss I. 79 iv. 3 (c. A.D. 117) of cloaks that had been repaired—τοὺς φα ̣ι ̣νο [ύ ]λας σου τεθεραπευομένους ἤνεγκεν ἀπ᾽ Ἀλεξανδρείας Ἀπολλώνιος ὁ ἀδελφός σου. See also the early P Magd 15.3 (B.C. 221) where a barber claims that he has served his patron in an irreproachable manner—τεθεραπευκὼς ἀνεγκλή [τως.
For the subst. θεραπευτής, see P Land 44.19 (B.C. 161) (= I. p. 34) ὑπὸ τοῦ Σαράπιος θεραπευτῶν, and OGIS 251.4 (B.C. 175–164), where the editor slates that the word connotes both ";deorum cultores"; and ";hominum ministri.";
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