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Bible Lexicons
Old Testament Hebrew Lexical Dictionary Hebrew Lexicon
Strong's #3782 - כָּשַׁל
- Brown-Driver-Briggs
- Strong
- to stumble, stagger, totter
- (Qal)
- to stumble
- to totter
- (Niphal)
- to stumble
- to be tottering, be feeble
- (Hiphil)
- to cause to stumble, bring injury or ruin to, overthrow
- to make feeble, make weak
- (Hophal) to be made to stumble
- (Piel) bereave
- (Qal)
- Book
- Word
did not use
this Strong's Number
2292) lsk (כסהל KShL) AC: Topple CO: Ruin AB: ?: A toppling down into ruins.
V) lsk (כסהל KShL) - Topple: KJV (65): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Hiphil, Hophal, Piel) fall, stumble, cast down, feeble, overthrown, ruin, decay, fail, weak - Strongs: H3782 (כָּשַׁל)
af1) elskm (מכסהלה MKShLH) - Ruin: The toppled down buildings of a city. KJV (2): ruin, stumblingblock - Strongs: H4384 (מַכְשֵׁלָה)
bm) lisk (כסהיל KShYL) - Axe: For toppling trees. KJV (1): axe - Strongs: H3781 (כַּשִּׁיל)
ejm) nflsik (כיסהלונ KYShLWN) - Toppling: KJV (1): fall - Strongs: H3783 (כִּשָּׁלוֹן)
hcm) lfskm (מכסהול MKShWL) - Stumblingblock: Used to cause someone to stumble or topple down. KJV (14): stumblingblock, offence, ruin, offend, fall - Strongs: H4383 (מִכְשֹׁל)
Jeff Benner, Ancient Hebrew Research Center Used by permission of the author.
Qal Perfect ׳כ Nehemiah 4:4 +, ( Hosea 5:5b read יִכָּשֵׁל, compare We), כָּֽשְׁלָה Isaiah 3:8; Isaiah 59:14; כָּֽשְׁלוּ Jeremiah 46:6 +, כָּשַׁלְנוּ Isaiah 59:10, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine plural יכשׁ֑ולו Proverbs 4:16 Kt (but read Hiph`il, q. v., so Qr); יכשׁלו Nahum 3:3 Kt (but read Perfect וְכָֽשְׁלוּ so Qr); Infinitive absolute כָּשׁוֺל Isaiah 40:30 (c. Niph`al Imperfect); Participle active כּוֺשֵׁל Isaiah 5:27 2t., כּשֵׁל 2 Chronicles 28:15; Paslm 2 Chronicles 105:37; feminine plural כּשְׁלוֺת Isaiah 35:3; —
1 stumble at, over, something, with ב (literally by means of), Nahum 3:3, ׳גִּבּוֺר בְּגִבּוֺר כ Jeremiah 46:13 (+ נָפַל), compare Leviticus 26:37; ׳וּנְעָרִיס בָּעֵץ כ Lamentations 5:13i.e. stagger (of toil in captivity); absolute Isaiah 5:27 ׅ "" (עָיֵף, כָּֽשְׁלוּ וְנָפָ֑לוּ Jeremiah 46:6, compare ׳הִרְבָּה כּוֺשֵׁ֑ל גַּםנָֿפַל אישׁ וגו Jeremiah 46:16 (strange; Gie following in part ᵐ5ᵑ6, עֶרְבְּךָ כָּשַׁל וְנָפַל thy mixed people — compare Jeremiah 25:20, etc. — hath stumbled and hath fallen); often figurative of overthrow, throughdivine judgment, with בְּ at, (see above) Jeremiah 6:21, so Isaiah 8:15 (+ נָפַל etc.) according to Ges Hi Bhul Che Di; < בָּם = among them, — Israel and Judah, — as ב in Isaiah 8:16, so Ew De Du EV; Hosea 4:5 (twice in verse); Hosea 5:5; Hosea 14:2 (בַּעֲוֺנֶָֽךָ, בְּ probably instrumental); absolute of Babylon, under figure of זָדוֺן, ונפל׳כ Jeremiah 50:32; ונפל׳כ Paslm Jeremiah 27:2; Isaiah 3:8; Isaiah 31:3 (both "" נפל); of אֱמֶת Isaiah 59:14; in metaphor of anxiety, distress Isaiah 59:10, Paslm Isaiah 107:12.
2 totter, of knees, literal מִצּוֺם׳בִּרְכַּי כ Paslm Isaiah 109:24 my knees totter from fasting; figurative Isaiah 35:3 ("" יָדַיִם רָפוֺת) כּוֺשֵׁל tottering one, literal Job 4:4; 2 Chronicles 28:15; Paslm 2 Chronicles 105:37; hence figurative, fail, of strength (כֹּחַ) Nehemiah 4:4; Paslm Nehemiah 31:11; — Infinitive absolute כָּשׁוֺל, see below Niph`al
Niph`al Perfect consecutive וְנִכְשַׁל Daniel 11:9, וְנִכְשְׁלוּ Daniel 11:33, וְנִכְשָׁ֑לוּ Daniel 11:14; Imperfect יִכָּשֵׁל Ezekiel 33:12 + Hosea 5:5b (ᵐ5. as v a, so We; ᵑ0כָּשַׁל), 2 masculine singular תִּכָּשֵׁל Proverbs 4:12, בִּכָּֽשְׁלוּ Proverbs 24:17 (yet see Ges§ 51, R. 1), בְּהִכָּֽשְׁלָם Daniel 11:34; Participle נִכְשָׁל Zechariah 12:8; plural נִכְשָׁלִים 1 Samuel 2:4; —
1 stumble (= Qal) Nahum 2:6; Isaiah 63:13; Jeremiah 31:9; usually figurative:
a. of misfortune Proverbs 24:17 ("" נפל), negative Proverbs 4:12.
b. of divine judgement (with בְּ at) Proverbs 4:19; Proverbs 24:16, negative Ezekiel 33:12; see also Hosea 14:10 (בְ location), Jeremiah 20:11; Daniel 11:14,35, יִכָּֽשְׁלוּ וְיאֹבְדוּ מִמָּנֶיךָ Psalm 9:4; especially = be overthrown, of nations, armies, etc., Hosea 5:5 (with בַּעֲוֺנָם, compare Hosea 14:2
Qal), Jeremiah 6:15 "" נפל, compare Jeremiah 8:12 ("" id.), Daniel 11:19 ( + נפל), Daniel 11:33 (בְ instrumental), Daniel 11:34; Daniel 11:41.
2 be tottering, feeble, כָּשׁוֺל יִכָּשֵׁ֑לוּ Isaiah 40:30 (opposed to יַחֲלִיפוּ כֹחַ Isaiah 40:31); so participle 1 Samuel 2:4; Zechariah 12:8.
Pi`el only apparent, תְּכַשְּׁלִי Ezekiel 36:14, read תְּשַׁכְּלִי with Qr Vrss EV Sm Co Da (see also
Hiph`il near the end).
Hiph`il Perfect הִכְשִׁיל Lamentations 1:14 הִכְשַׁלְתֶּם Malachi 2:8; Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix יַכְשִׁילְךָ 2 Chronicles 25:8; 2 feminine singular תַּכְשִׁלִי Ezekiel 36:15 (but strike out ᵐ5 Co; read תשׁכלי, as Ezekiel 36:14 other Vrss Sm Da); 3 masculine plural יַכְשִׁילוּ Proverbs 4:16 Qr (Kt see below
Qal), וַיַּכְשִׁילֻהוּ Paslm Proverbs 64:9, וַיַּכְשִׁלוּם Jeremiah 18:15 (so ᵑ7; Gie, after ᵐ5. ᵑ6, וַיִּכְשְׁלוּ, [< וַיִּכָּֽשִׁלוּ]); Infinitive construct הַכְשִׁיל 2 Chronicles 25:8, sf הַכְשִׁילוֺ 2 Chronicles 28:23; —
1 cause to stumble, figurative:
a. = bring injury or ruin to, abs Proverbs 4:16; of punishment Psalm 64:9 (indefinite subject; si vera lectio; text probably corrupt, see Che Bae).
b. = overthrow, of nation, army, etc., 2 Chronicles 25:8 (followed by לִפְנֵי אוֺיֵב) compare 2 Chronicles 25:8 (opposed to עזר); cause overthrow 2 Chronicles 28:23. — On Ezekiel 36:15 see above
c. morally, Jeremiah 18:15 (בְּ local), Malachi 2:8 (בְּ instrumental).
2 make feeble, weak, הִכְשִׁיל כֹּחִי Lamentations 1:14 (of God's dealing with Jerusalem)
Hoph`al only Participle והיו מֻכְשָׁלִים לְפָנֶיךָ Jeremiah 18:23 either and let them be ones who have stumbled before thee, i.e. regard them as such (Hi Gf VB), or and let them be ones overthrown before thee (Gie; so Qr according to Gf). So also in Ezekiel 21:20 according to Co, compare Sm Da (ᵑ0מִכְשֹׁלִים, see מִכְשׁוֺל).
כָּשַׁל (once fut. יִכְשׁוֹל Proverbs 4:16 כתיב, elsewhere fut. Niph. is used), to waver, to totter, to stagger. This verb differs from the synonyms כָּרַע and כָּנַע, in that this properly signifies to totter in the ancles (mit den Knöcheln umknicken), which the Romans sometimes, but very rarely, called by a peculiar word (see Festus h. v. and Doederlein, Lat. Synon. iii. 62), talipedare; (kindred to this is the word قزل to totter, pr. in the ancles, to waddle, from the quadriliteral קַרְסֹל an ancle, which see). The other synonyms properly signify tottering and shaking of the knees (just as מוֹט, נוּט, נוּעַ, signify the quivering or trembling of the whole body); they alike imply want of strength.-However, in the common use of language, this primary idea is often neglected; hence כָּשַׁלּ means
(1) to totter, to reel, to sink together, used of one about to fall. Psalms 27:2, הֵמָּה כָּֽשְׁלוּ וְנָפָֽלוּ “they tottered and fell.” Isaiah 31:3, 59:14 Hosea 14:2; Jeremiah 50:32 also used of inanimate things, Isaiah 3:8; Psalms 109:24, בִּרְכַּי כָּֽשְׁלוּ מִצּוֹם “my knees totter through fasting;” compare Isaiah 35:3; Nehemiah 4:4. Part. כּוֹשֵׁל tired out, wearied, Psalms 105:37; Isaiah 5:27.
(2) to stumble. Followed by בְּ of the thing against which one stumbles, Leviticus 26:37; Nahum 3:3.
Niphal נִכְשַׁל fut. יִכָּשֵׁל i.q. Kal to totter, to sink down, 1 Samuel 2:4; Proverbs 4:12; Jeremiah 31:9; Daniel 11:19, 33 Daniel 11:33. Metaph. to be made wretched, Ezekiel 33:12.
Piel, Ezekiel 36:14 כתיב and
Hiphil
(1) to cause to fail, Lamentations 1:14.
(2) to cause some one to stumble and fail, Proverbs 4:16; 2 Chronicles 25:8, 28:23. In a moral sense, to cause to stumble, to seduce, Malachi 2:8.
Hophal, to be made to stumble, Jeremiah 18:23.
Derived nouns, כַּשִּׁיל, מִכְשׁוֹל, מַכְשֵׁלָה and