Lectionary Calendar

Friday, November 22nd, 2024
the Week of Proper 28 / Ordinary 33

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Bible Lexicons

Old Testament Hebrew Lexical DictionaryHebrew Lexicon

Strong's #1167 - בַּעַל

Transliteration

baʻal

Phonetics

bah'-al

Origin

from (H1166)

Parts of Speech

masculine noun

TWOT

262a

Definition

Brown-Driver-Briggs
Strong

Brown-Driver-Briggs' Definition

owner, husband, lord
1. owner
2. a husband
3. citizens, inhabitants
4. rulers, lords
5. (noun of relationship used to characterise-ie, master of dreams)
6. lord (used of foreign gods)

Greek Equivalent Words:

Strong #: 152 ‑ αἰσχύνη (ahee‑skhoo'‑nay); 272 ‑ ἀμελέω (am‑el‑eh'‑o); 435 ‑ ἀνήρ (an'‑ayr); 444 ‑ ἄνθρωπος (anth'‑ro‑pos); 758 ‑ ἄρχων (ar'‑khone); 896 ‑ Βάαλ (bah'‑al); 1497 ‑ εἴδωλον (i'‑do‑lon); 1729 ‑ ἐνδεής (en‑deh‑ace'); 2192 ‑ ἔχω (ekh'‑o); 2233 ‑ ἡγέομαι (hayg‑eh'‑om‑ahee); 2634 ‑ κατακυριεύω (kat‑ak‑oo‑ree‑yoo'‑o); 2730 ‑ κατοικέω (kat‑oy‑keh'‑o); 2932 ‑ κτάομαι (ktah'‑om‑ahee); 2962 ‑ κύριος (koo'‑ree‑os); 4924 ‑ συνοικέω (soon‑oy‑key'‑o); 5530 ‑ χράομαι (khrah'‑om‑ahee); 954 ‑ Βεελζεβούλ (beh‑el‑zeb‑ool');

Frequency Lists

Book
Word

Verse Results

ASV (80)

Genesis 4

Exodus 15

Deuteronomy 2

Joshua 1

Judges 19

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 3

2 Kings 1

Nehemiah 1

Esther 2

Job 1

Proverbs 14

Ecclesiastes 6

Isaiah 4

Jeremiah 1

Daniel 2

Joel 1

Nahum 1

BSB (76)

Genesis 4

Exodus 14

Leviticus 1

Numbers 1

Deuteronomy 3

Joshua 1

Judges 19

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 3

2 Kings 1

Nehemiah 1

Esther 2

Job 1

Proverbs 14

Ecclesiastes 7

Isaiah 4

Jeremiah 1

Daniel 2

Joel 1

Nahum 1

CSB (59)

Genesis 4

Exodus 12

Leviticus 1

Numbers 1

Deuteronomy 3

Joshua 1

Judges 19

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 2

Nehemiah 1

Esther 2

Job 1

Proverbs 14

Ecclesiastes 7

Isaiah 3

Jeremiah 1

Joel 1

Nahum 1

ESV (68)

Genesis 4

Exodus 14

Leviticus 1

Deuteronomy 3

Joshua 1

Judges 19

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 3

2 Kings 1

Nehemiah 1

Esther 2

Job 1

Proverbs 14

Ecclesiastes 7

Isaiah 4

Jeremiah 1

Daniel 2

Joel 1

Nahum 1

KJV (82)

Genesis 4

Exodus 15

Leviticus 1

Deuteronomy 3

Joshua 1

Judges 19

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 3

2 Kings 1

Nehemiah 1

Esther 2

Job 1

Proverbs 14

Ecclesiastes 7

Isaiah 4

Jeremiah 1

Daniel 2

Joel 1

Nahum 1

LEB (78)

Genesis 4

Exodus 14

Leviticus 1

Deuteronomy 3

Joshua 1

Judges 19

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 3

Nehemiah 1

Esther 2

Job 1

Proverbs 13

Ecclesiastes 5

Isaiah 4

Jeremiah 1

Daniel 2

Joel 1

Nahum 1

LSB (73)

Exodus 13

Leviticus 3

Numbers 1

Deuteronomy 1

Joshua 1

Judges 19

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 2

Nehemiah 1

Esther 2

Job 1

Proverbs 17

Ecclesiastes 5

Isaiah 3

Jeremiah 1

Joel 1

N95 (67)

Exodus 13

Leviticus 2

Numbers 1

Deuteronomy 1

Joshua 1

Judges 19

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 2

Nehemiah 1

Esther 2

Job 1

Proverbs 12

Ecclesiastes 6

Isaiah 2

Jeremiah 1

Joel 1

NAS (75)

Genesis 4

Exodus 13

Leviticus 2

Numbers 1

Deuteronomy 3

Joshua 1

Judges 19

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 2

Nehemiah 1

Esther 2

Job 1

Proverbs 14

Ecclesiastes 7

Isaiah 3

Jeremiah 1

Joel 1

Nahum 1

NLT (0)

The World English Bible
did not use
this Strong's Number

WEB (82)

Genesis 4

Exodus 15

Leviticus 1

Deuteronomy 2

Joshua 1

Judges 19

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 3

2 Kings 1

Nehemiah 1

Esther 2

Job 1

Proverbs 15

Ecclesiastes 6

Isaiah 4

Jeremiah 1

Daniel 2

Joel 1

Nahum 1

ASV (80)

a captain 1

and all the men 1

and all they 1

and is full of wrath 1

and its owner 2

and that which hath 1

and the horsemen 1

and the men 6

and the owner 1

and these were confederate 1

and when all the men 1

are the words of the masters 1

but the owner 1

by the owner 1

dreamer 1

for her husband 1

for she is a man's 1

for the husband 1

from the men 2

from them to whom it is due 1

hath 1

her husband 2

him that is given to it 1

his master's 1

husband 2

if he be married 1

if the owner 1

if thou be a man given 1

instrument having 1

is there to the owner 1

let 1

maker 1

man 2

of all the men 2

of any bird 1

of her husband 2

of him that hath 1

of him that hath it 1

of the owners thereof 1

or have caused the owners 1

over the men 1

sworn 1

that all the men 1

that had 2

the archers 1

the lords 1

the master 1

the men 2

the owner 2

them, and upon the men 1

then the master 1

to a husband 1

to him that is a 1

to its owner 1

to make their husbands 1

to the master 1

to their husbands 1

unto him that hath 1

unto me, ye men 1

unto the owner 1

unto the owner thereof 1

who is mine adversary 1

will the men 2

with a man 1

BSB (76)

a schemer 1

and a winged creature 1

and caused them 1

and full of wrath 1

and its owner 2

and leaders 1

and the leaders 1

another man''s 1

bird 1

but the owner 1

creditor 1

dreamer 1

for the charmer 1

for those related to him by marriage 1

from the deserving 1

from the leaders 1

her husband 2

him 1

husband 1

is her husband''s 1

its giver 1

its master''s 1

its owner 1

man 2

o leaders 1

of her husband 1

of its owner 2

of its possessors 1

of its tenants 1

of the masters 1

possess 1

the archers 1

the captain 1

the husband 2

the leaders 11

the men 2

the owner 5

the people 1

the rulers 2

their husbands 2

those who practice it 1

to him 1

to its possessor 1

to the owner 2

were bound 2

while its owner 1

who owned 1

will the citizens 2

with 1

woman 1

yet its owner 1

CSB (59)

bound 2

citizens 1

him 1

husband 5

husbands 2

it belongs to 1

its master's 1

its owner 2

its possessor 1

its tenants 1

lords 2

man 1

man's 1

marriage 1

masters 1

officer 1

owner 11

people 1

practice 1

rulers 1

the citizens 2

the leaders 1

the lords 13

the owner 4

who receive it 1

ESV (68)

allies 1

bound 1

bridegroom 1

creature 1

due 1

given 3

gives 1

has 1

have 1

having 1

husband 8

husbands 2

leaders 17

lords 1

man 1

man's 1

master 2

master's 1

men 4

owner 13

owners 1

person 1

possessors 1

two 1

with 1

wore 1

KJV (82)

* 6

babbler 1

captain 1

do 1

due 1

followed 1

given 2

great 1

had 1

hath 3

have 2

having 2

husband 9

husbands 2

lords 1

man 4

man's 1

master 3

master's 1

masters 1

men 20

owner 10

owners 4

person 1

they 1

unto 1

with 1

LEB (78)

⌊creditor⌋ 1

⌊has a dispute⌋ 1

⌊so its owner 1

⌊that had 1

⌊the archers⌋ 1

⌊who had 1

⌊winged bird⌋ 1

⌊with⌋ sharp edges 1

a winged messenger 1

and ⌊full of 1

and its owner 3

and lords of 1

and the citizens of 1

and the horsemen 1

and the lords of 4

and the owner 1

and the owner of 2

and you may marry her 1

as ⌊a kinsman by marriage⌋ 1

before the lords of 1

by its owner 1

for she is ⌊a married woman⌋ 1

he is the husband of 1

her husband 3

her husband also 1

her master 1

husband 2

is the master of 1

its master 1

its owner 3

its owners to die 1

its possessors 1

lords of 1

master of 2

owner 1

rulers of 1

the collections of the sages 1

the husband of 1

the lords of 10

the owner of 4

the rulers of 1

their husbands 1

their husbands⌋ 1

to a master of 1

to its owner 2

to its possessor 1

was ⌊a sentry on duty⌋ 1

were allies with 1

were bound by oath 1

while its owner 1

will the rulers of 2

you have a ⌊big 1

LSB (73)

bridegroom 1

by 1

citizens 1

dominant 1

due 1

has 2

husband 8

husbands 2

is 1

lords 17

man 3

marriage 1

master 2

master's 1

masters 4

men 4

one 1

owner 14

owners 1

possessors 1

relative 1

sworn 1

those 1

to 1

who 1

whom 1

N95 (67)

bound 1

bridegroom 1

captain 1

citizens 1

dominant 1

due 1

has 1

husband 8

husbands 2

leaders 6

lords 1

man 3

marriage 1

master's 1

masters 1

men 14

owner 15

owners 2

possessors 2

practice 1

relative 1

who 2

NAS (75)

bound 1

by 1

captain 1

citizens 5

dominant 1

due 1

groom 1

has 1

have 1

husband 8

husbands 2

is 1

leaders 16

lords 1

marriage 1

master's 1

masters 1

owner 15

owners 2

person 3

possessors 2

practice 1

relative 1

those 3

to 1

who 2

whom 1

NLT (0)

The World English Bible
did not use
this Strong's Number

WEB (82)

a captain 1

all the men 1

and all they 1

and is full of wrath 1

and its owner 3

and that which has 1

and the horsemen 1

and the men 3

and these were allies 1

are words from the masters 1

but the owner 1

by its owner 1

can 1

dreamer 1

for her husband 1

for the husband 1

for their husbands 1

from the men 2

from those to whom it is due 1

her husband 2

husband 2

if he is married 1

if its owner 1

if you are a man given 1

instrument with 1

is 1

is there to its owner 1

its owner 1

man 3

of all the men 2

of any bird 1

of her husband 2

of him who gives 1

of him who has it 1

of its owners 1

or have caused its owners 1

over the men 1

schemer 1

sworn 1

that all the men 1

that had 2

the archers 1

the lords 1

the master 1

the men 5

the owner 1

their husbands 1

then the master 1

those who practice it 1

to a husband 1

to him who is a master 1

to its owner 3

to one who has 1

to the master 1

when all the men 1

who is my adversary 1

will the men 2

with one 1

Ancient Hebrew Lexicon Definitions

2027) l o b (באהל BAhL) AC: Rule CO: Master AB: ?: [from: lo- as a yoke which binds the master to the servant.]

V) l o b (באהל BAhL) - Rule: KJV (16): (vf: Paal, Niphal) marry, husband, dominion, wife - Strongs: H1166 (בָּעַל)

N^m) l o b (באהל BAhL) - Master: [Hebrew and Aramaic] KJV (85): man, owner, husband, master, lord - Strongs: H1167 (בַּעַל), H1169 (בְּעֵל)

N^f1) e l o b (באהלה BAhLH) - Mistress: KJV (4): mistress, hath - Strongs: H1172 (בַּעֲלָה)

Brown-Driver-Briggs Expanded Definition

I. בַּעַל₁₆₆ noun masculine owner, lord (Phoenician בעל; Palmyrene id. husband Vog⁶² compare Bae^{Rel 72ff.}; Assyrian bêlu₁ with Dl^{Gram. Glossary}; Arabic

husband etc., see especially Nö^{ZMG 1886,174}, Sabean בעל CIS^{iv. 1,2}) — Genesis 20:3 92t.; suffix בַּעְלִּי Hosea 2:18; בַּעְלָּהּ Deuteronomy 24:4 5t.; plural בְּעָלִים Judges 2:11 17t.; construct בַּעֲלֵי Genesis 14:13 27t.; suffix בְּעָלָיו Exodus 21:29 14t.; בְּעָלֶיהָ Job 31:39 2t.; בַּעְלֵּיהֶן Esther 1:17,20; — I.

1 owner (often plural with suffix in singular meaning): of ox Exodus 21:28,29 (twice in verse); Exodus 22:10; Exodus 22:11; Exodus 22:13; Exodus 22:14 (E); הבור׳ב of pit Exodus 21:34,36 (E), of house Exodus 22:7 (E) Judges 19:22,23, debt Deuteronomy 15:2, the land Job 31:39, the ass Isaiah 1:3, goods Ecclesiastes 5:10, riches Ecclesiastes 5:12; טוב׳ב one to whom good is due Proverbs 3:27, gain Proverbs 1:19; שׂכל׳ב one having understanding Proverbs 16:22; השׁחד׳ב receiver of the gift Proverbs 17:8.

2 husband Genesis 20:3; Exodus 21:3,22 (E) Deuteronomy 22:22; Deuteronomy 24:4; 2 Samuel 11:26; Joel 1:8; Proverbs 12:4; Proverbs 31:11,23,28; Esther 1:17,20; בַּעְלִּי Hosea 2:18 ( my Baal, reference to the divine name used in the northern kingdom, here for the first time forbidden).

3 citizens, inhabitants: בַּעֲלֵי of Jericho Joshua 24:11 (E), of the high places of Arnon Numbers 21:28 (E), of Shechem Judges 9:2 12t., of the tower of Shechem Judges 9:46,47, of the city Judges 9:51, of Gibeah Judges 20:5, of Keilah 1 Samuel 23:11,12, of Jabesh 2 Samuel 21:12.

4 rulers, lords: בַּעֲלֵי גוֺיִם Isaiah 16:8.

5 n. of relation:

a.החלמות ׃בַּעַל ׳ב dreamer Genesis 37:19 (E); ׳בדברים whosoever hath cases, complaints Exodus 24:14 (E); שׂער׳ב an hairy Prayer of Manasseh 2Kings 1:8; חמה׳ב wrathful Nahum 1:2; Proverbs 29:22; אף׳ב one given to anger Proverbs 22:24; החכמה׳ב one having wisdom Ecclesiastes 7:12; משׁחית׳ב destroyer Proverbs 18:9; כנף׳ב winged thing, bird Proverbs 1:17; Ecclesiastes 10:20; נפשׁ׳ב one given to appetite Proverbs 23:2; מזמות׳ב mischievous person Proverbs 24:8; הלשׁון׳ב charmer Ecclesiastes 10:11; רשׁע׳ב one given to wickedness Ecclesiastes 8:8; פיפיות׳ב double-edged Isaiah 41:15; משׁפט׳ב adversary Isaiah 50:8; ׳בפקדת captain of the ward Jeremiah 37:13; הקרנים׳ב two-horned Daniel 8:6,20.

b. בְּדִית ׃בַּעֲלֵי׳בּ confederates Genesis 14:13; חצים׳ב archers Genesis 49:23 (poetry); הפרשׁים׳ב horsemen 2 Samuel 1:6; שׁבועה׳ב conspirators Nehemiah 6:18; אספות׳ב members of assemblies; or well-grouped sayings; or collectors (of wise sentences) Ecclesiastes 12:11. — On 2 Samuel 6:2 see II. בַּעֲלָה. (בַּעַל in Hexateuch not J or P; בעל Leviticus 21:4 ᵐ5 ἐζάπινα = כבלּע Numbers 4:20: Di בְּאֵבֶל). Especially II. lord, specifically as divine name, Baal.

1 without article: במות בעל Numbers 22:41 (poetry Balaam); בעל פעור Numbers 25:3,5 (E) Deuteronomy 4:3 (see below). This divine name is not used elsewhere in Hexateuch It probably originated from the sense of divine ownership, rather than sovereignty (RS^{Sem 92}). It seems to have been used in Northern Israel = אדון in the South. It was the special name of the God of the Canaanites, Philistines, etc., = Babylonian בֵּל, compare Schr^{SK 1874,335 ff.} In later times scribes substituted בּשֶׁת, in proper name (ירבשׁת = ירבעל, אשׁבשׁת = אשׁבעל, see בּשֶׁת, Gei^{ZMG 1862,728 ff.}), & also in the text for בעל Hosea 9:10; Jeremiah 11:13 (hence ἡ βάαλ Jeremiah 2:23; Jeremiah 7:9; Jeremiah 11:13,17; Jeremiah 19:5; Hosea 2:10; Hosea 13:1 +, Romans 11:4, see Di^{Baal mit d. weib. Art1Kel, MBA 1881, June 16} Dr 2 Samuel 4:4).

2 with article: הַבַּעַל Judges 2:13; Judges 6:25,28,30,31,32; 1 Kings 16:31,32 (twice in verse); 1 Kings 18:19,21,22,25,26 (twice in verse); 1 Kings 18:40; 1 Kings 19:18; 1 Kings 22:54; 2 Kings 3:2; 2 Kings 10:18,19 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 10:20,21 (3t. in verse); 2 Kings 10:22,23 (3t. in verse); 2 Kings 10:25,26,27 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 10:28; 2 Kings 11:18 (twice in verse); 2 Kings 17:16; 2 Kings 21:3; 2 Kings 23:4,5; 2 Chronicles 23:17 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 2:8; Jeremiah 7:9; Jeremiah 11:13,17; Jeremiah 12:16; Jeremiah 19:5 (twice in verse); Jeremiah 28:13; Jeremiah 28:27; Jeremiah 32:29; Jeremiah 32:35; Hosea 2:10; Hosea 13:1; Zephaniah 1:4.

3הַבְּעָלִים emphatic plural (compare האלהים, האדונים) the great lord, the sovereign owner Judges 2:11; Judges 3:7; Judges 8:33; Judges 10:6,10; 1 Samuel 7:4; 1 Samuel 12:10; 1 Kings 18:18; 2 Chronicles 17:3; 24:7; 28:2; 33:3; 34:4; Jeremiah 2:23; Jeremiah 9:13; Hosea 2:15; Hosea 2:19; Hosea 11:2 (or local special Ba`als, see Dr^{Sm. p. 50}; pillars of Baal MV).

4 with attributive: בַּעַל בְּרִית Lord of convenant Judges 8:33; Judges 9:4 (compare אל ברית Judges 9:46; Nö^{ZMG 1888,478}); זְבוּב׳ב Lord of flies 2 Kings 1:2,3,6,16, Philistine god, ᵐ5 Βααλ μυῖαν (Beelzebub, Matthew 12:24) compare Bae^{Rel 25}.

II. בַּ֫עַל 1. proper name, of a location city in the tribe of Simeon 1 Chronicles 4:33 = בַּעֲלַת בְּאֵר.

2. proper name, masculine a. a Reubenite 1 Chronicles 5:5;

b. a Gibeonite 1 Chronicles 8:30; 1 Chronicles 9:36.

Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Definition

בַּעַל with suff. בַּעְלִי, בַּעְלָהּ; pl. בְּעָלִים, const. בַּעֲלֵי; with suff. 3 sing. בְּעָלָיז Exodus 21:29, 34 Exodus 21:34, 36 Exodus 21:36 -22:1014 ; Ecclesiastes 5:12 and בְּעָלֶיהָ Job 31:39; Ecclesiastes 7:12 sometimes used for the singular (like אֲדֹנָיז his lord, compare Lehrgb. 663); but with suff. 3 pl. בַּעֲלֵיהֶן Esther 1:17, 20, as a plural.

(1) lord, master, possessor, owner ([“frequent in the Phœnician dialect; see Monumen. Phœn. p. 348”] Aram. בַּעַל, בְּעֵל, ܒܥܶܠ, id.; Arab. بَعْلُ in the idiom of Arabia Felix, lord, master, elsewhere husband; Ethiop. በዕል፡ compare also Sansc. pàla, lord [according to Lee, Bala]). Used of the master and owner of a house, Exodus 22:7; Judges 19:22 of a field, Job 31:39 an ox, Exodus 21:28; Isaiah 1:3 of money lent, i.e. a creditor, Deuteronomy 15:2 of the master of a family, Leviticus 21:4 בַּעֲלֵי גוֹיִם “lords of the nations,” Isaiah 16:8, said of the Assyrians, the conquerors of the nations; according to others, of their princes.

(2) a husband (Arab., Syr., Ch., id. [“compare Sansc. pati, lord, also husband”]), Exodus 21:22; 2 Samuel 11:26 בַּעַל אִשָּׁה one who has a wife, Exodus 21:3 בַּעַל נְעוּרִים a husband to whom a wife was married in his youth, Joel 1:8. i.q. κουρίδιος πόσις, Il. v. 414.

(3) lords of a city, a name given to the inhabitants; בַּעֲלֵי יְרִיחוֹ Joshua 24:11 שְׁכֶם Judges 9:2, seq.; בַּעֲלֵי יָבֵשׁ גִּלְעָד 2 Samuel 21:12 who also are called in 2 Samuel 2:4, 2 Samuel 2:5, אַנְשֵׁי י׳ נ׳. Some moderns incorrectly render it princes, nobles, led perhaps into this mistake by the words, Judges 9:51, כָּל־הָאֲנָשִׁים וְהַנָּשִׁים וְכֹל בַּעֲלֵי הָעִיר, where also LXX. πάντες οἱ ἡγούμενοι τῆς πόλεως. But it should be rendered “all the men and women, and all they of the city,” the latter again comprehending the former.

(4) lord or possessor of a thing, is often applied to him to whom that quality belongs; a common circumlocution for adjectives is thus formed in the Hebrew (see אִישׁ No. 1, k, אָב No. 8), as אַיִל בַּעַל הַקְּרָנַיִם a two-horned ram, Daniel 8:6, 20 בַּעַל כְּנָפַיִם winged, poetically used of a bird, Ecclesiastes 10:20 אִישׁ בַּעַל שֵׂעָר a hairy man, 2 Kings 1:8 בַּעַל הַחֲלֹמוֹת a dreamer, one who has dreams, Genesis 37:19 בַּעַל דְּבָרִים one who has forensic causes, Exodus 24:14 comp. Isaiah 50:8 “masters of my covenant, of my oath,” joined in league with me, Genesis 14:13; Nehemiah 6:18 בַּעַל הַלָּשׁוֹן master of tongue, charmer, Ecclesiastes 10:11 בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ greedy, Proverbs 23:2 compare 29:22. Proverbs 16:22, מְקוֹר חַיִּים שֵׂכֶל בְּעָלָיו “prudence is a fountain of life to its owner,” i.e. to him who is endowed with it; Proverbs 1:19, 17:8 Ecclesiastes 8:8, לֹא יְמַלֵּט רֶשַׁע אֶתִ־בְּעָלָיִו “wickedness does not deliver its owner,” i.e. the wicked person; Ecclesiastes 7:12; Proverbs 3:27, אַל־תִּמְנַע־טוֹב מִבְּעָלָיו “withhold no good from its owner,” from him to whom it is due, to whom it belongs, i.e. the needy.

(5) With art. הַבַּעַל; with pref. בַּבַּעַל, לַבַּעַל Baal, i.e. Lord; κατʼ ἐξοχὴν, the name of an idol of the Phœnicians, especially of the Tyrians: it was their domestic and principal deity, also worshipped with great devotion together with Astarte, by the Hebrews, especially in Samaria (see אֲשֵׁרָה, עַשְׁתֹּרֶת ), Judges 6:25, seq.; 2 Kings 10:18, seq. Hence בֵּית הַבַּעַל the temple of Baal, 1 Kings 16:32 נְבִיאֵי הַבַּעַל prophets of Baal, 1 Kings 18:22, 25 1 Kings 18:25שְׁאָר הַבַּעַל remains of the worship of Baal, Zephaniah 1:4 pl. הַבְּעָלִים statutes of Baal, Judges 2:11, 3:7 8:33 10:10 1 Samuel 7:4, 12:10, etc. The worship of this God by the Phœnicians and Pœni is shewn amongst other things by the Phœnician proper names, as אֶתְבַּעַל (which see), Jerombalus (יְרֻבַּעַל), and by those of the Pœni, as Hannibal (הַנִּבַעַל “grace of Baal”), Hasdrubal (עַזְרוּבַעַל “aid of Baal”), Muthumballes (מְתוּבַעַל “man of Baal”), etc. Amongst the Babylonians the same deity was called in the Aramean manner בֵּל Belus (see that word) for בְּעֵל; amongst the Tyrians themselves his full name appears to have been מַלְקֶרֶת בַּעַל צֹר (Inscr. Melit. Bilingu.) Malkereth (i.e. “king of the city,” for מֶלֶךְ קֶרֶת), lord of Tyre; the Greeks, from some supposed resemblance of emblems, constantly called him (see the cited inscription) Hercules, Hercules Tyrius; see my more full remarks in Germ. Encyclopædia, vol. viii. p. 397, seq., arts. Baal, Bel, Belus. Many suppose (see Münter, Religion der Babylonier, p. 16, seqq.; [“Movers’ Phönizier, i. p. 169, seq.”]) that the sun itself was worshipped under this name; but that it was not this luminary but the planet Jupiter, as the ruler and giver of good fortune, that is to be understood by this name, I have sought to shew by many arguments in my Comment. on Isa. vol. ii. p. 335, seq., and in Encyclop. 1. 1. p. 398, seq.; this is acceded to by Rosenmüller, Bibl. Alterthumskunde, i. ii. p. 11, et passim [“Yet I would not deny that בַּעַל with certain attributes, as בַּעַל חַמָּן (see חַמָּן ) is also referred to the sun”]. From particular cities devoted to his worship he received particular epithets; such as

(a) בַּעַל בְּרִית [Baal-berith], lord and guardian of covenants, worshipped by the Shechemites, Judges 8:33, 9:4 compare 46 Judges 9:46, as if Ζεὺς ὅρκιος, or Deus fidius [“According to Movers loc. cit. ‘Baal in covenant with the idolaters of Israel’ ”].

(b) בַּעַל זְבוּב [Baal-zebub], worshipped by the Philistines of Ekron, as if the fly-destroyer, like Ζεὺς Ἀπόμυιος of Elis (Pausan. v. 14, § 2), and Myiagrus deus of the Romans (Solin. Polyhist. c. 1), 2 Kings 1:2.

(6) Inasmuch as it denotes the possessor of a thing, it is applied also to the place which has any thing, i.e. in which any thing is and is found, and it is of the same power as בַּיִת No. 5. So in the proper names of towns.

(a) בַּעַל 1 Chronicles 4:33 [Baal], perhaps the same town as בַּעֲלַת בְּאֵר (“having a well”), on the borders of the tribe of Simeon. Joshua 19:8.

(b) בַּעַל גַּד [Baal-Gad], so called from the worship of Gad (i.e. “Fortune”), situated at the foot of Hermon near the source of the Jordan, prob. i.q. בַּעַל חֶרְמוֹן letter e. It is a great mistake to suppose, as some do, that this city is to be sought for where the remarkable ruins of the city of Baalbec or Heliopolis stand: as to which see Thes. p. 225.

(c) בַּעַל הָמוֹן [Baal-hamon], (“place of a multitude,” i.q. בַּעַל אָמוֹן sacred to Jupiter Ammon), a town near which Solomon had a vineyard, Song of Solomon 8:11. The town of Βελαμών (Alexand. Βαλαμών), situated in Samaria, is mentioned Jdt_8:3.

(d) בַּעַל חָצוֹר [Baal-hazor], (“having a village”), a town or village near the tribe of Ephraim, 2 Samuel 13:23 perhaps i.q. חָצוֹר Nehemiah 11:33, in the tribe of Benjamin.

(e) בַּעַל חֶרְמוֹן [Baal-hermon], a town with a mountain near it, at the foot of Hermon, 1 Chronicles 5:23; Judges 3:3 compare letter b.

(f) בַּעַל מְעוֹן [Baal-meon], (“place of habitation”), see מְעוֹן בַּעַל בֵּית p. 117, A.

(g) בַּעַל פְּרָצִים [Baal-perazim], (“place of breaches”), a place or village near the valley of Rephaim, 2 Samuel 5:20; 1 Chronicles 14:11 compare Isaiah 28:21.

(h) בַּעַל צְפוֹן [Baal-zephon], (“place of Typhon,” or, “sacred to Typhon”), a town of the Egyptians near the Red Sea, Exodus 14:2, Exodus 14:9; Numbers 33:7. The name suits very well the site of this city in the uncultivated places between the Nile and the Red Sea, which were regarded as the abode of Typhon or the evil demon of the Egyptians. See Creuzer, in Comment. on Herodotus, i. § 22; Symbol. i. 317, seq.

(1) בַּעַל שָׁלִשָׁה [Baal-shalishah], 2 Kings 4:42, the name of a town, probably situated in the region of שָׁלִשָׁה near the mountains of Ephraim (1 Samuel 9:4).

(k) בַּעַל תָּמָר [Baal-tamar], (“place of palm trees”), Judges 20:33.

(l) בַּעֲלֵי יְהוּדָה (“citizens of Judah”), 2 Samuel 6:2 a town which is elsewhere called בַּעֲלָה (“city”), and Kirjath-Jearim, compare 1 Chronicles 13:6 see בַּעֲלָה No. 2,.

(7) proper names of men are

(a) בַּעַל [Baal]

(α) 1 Chronicles 5:5.

(β) 8:30 9:36.

(b) בַּעַל חָנָן [Baal-hanan], (“lord of benignity”), pr.n.

(α) of a king of the Edomites, Genesis 36:38; 1 Chronicles 1:49 (β) of a royal officer, 1 Chronicles 27:28.

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List of Word Forms

בְּעָלֶ֣יהָ בְּעָלָ֑יו בְּעָלָ֖יו בְּעָלָ֣יו בְּעָלָ֥יו בְּעָלָֽיו׃ בְעָלֶֽיהָ׃ בְעָלָ֑יו בִּבְעָלָיו֙ בַ֥עַל בַּ֖עַל בַּ֗עַל בַּ֙עַל֙ בַּ֛עַל בַּ֝עְלָ֗הּ בַּ֣עַל בַּ֤עַל בַּ֥עַל בַּֽעַל־ בַּעְלֵיהֶ֖ן בַּעְלָ֑הּ בַּעְלָ֣הּ בַּעְלָֽהּ׃ בַּעֲלֵ֖י בַּעֲלֵ֣י בַּעֲלֵ֤י בַּעֲלֵ֥י בַּעֲלֵ֧י בַּעֲלֵֽי־ בַעֲלֵ֨י בַעֲלֵי֩ בַעֲלֵי־ בָּֽעַל׃ בבעליו בעל בעל־ בעל׃ בעלה בעלה׃ בעלי בעלי־ בעליה בעליה׃ בעליהן בעליו בעליו׃ וּבְעַלְתָּ֔הּ וּבַ֖עַל וּבַ֣עַל וּבַ֥עַל וּבַעֲלֵ֥י ובעל ובעלי ובעלתה לְבַ֖עַל לְבַ֣עַל לְבַעְלֵיהֶ֔ן לִבְעָלֶ֔יהָ לִבְעָלָ֑יו לִבְעָלָ֖יו לִבְעָלָֽיו׃ לבעל לבעליה לבעליהן לבעליו לבעליו׃ מִבְּעָלָ֑יו מִבַּעֲלֵ֤י מבעלי מבעליו ba‘·lāh ba‘·lê·hen ba‘al bā‘al ḇa‘al ba‘al- ba‘ălê ḇa‘ălê ba‘ălê- ḇa‘ălê- ba‘lāh ba‘lêhen ba·‘ă·lê ḇa·‘ă·lê ba·‘ă·lê- ḇa·‘ă·lê- ba·‘al bā·‘al ḇa·‘al ba·‘al- Baal baaLei baLah baleiHen bə‘ālāw ḇə‘ālāw bə‘ālehā ḇə‘ālehā bə·‘ā·lāw ḇə·‘ā·lāw bə·‘ā·le·hā ḇə·‘ā·le·hā beaLav beaLeiha biḇ‘ālāw biḇ·‘ā·lāw bivaLav lə·ḇa‘·lê·hen lə·ḇa·‘al ləḇa‘al ləḇa‘lêhen leVaal levaleiHen liḇ‘ālāw liḇ‘ālehā liḇ·‘ā·lāw liḇ·‘ā·le·hā livaLav livaLeiha mib·ba·‘ă·lê mib·bə·‘ā·lāw mibba‘ălê mibbaaLei mibbə‘ālāw mibbeaLav ū·ḇa·‘ă·lê ū·ḇa·‘al ū·ḇə·‘al·tāh ūḇa‘al ūḇa‘ălê ūḇə‘altāh uVaal uvaaLei uvealTah Vaal vaalei veaLav veaLeiha