Lectionary Calendar

Monday, July 21st, 2025
the Week of Proper 11 / Ordinary 16

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Bible Lexicons

Old Testament Hebrew Lexical DictionaryHebrew Lexicon

Strong's #4843 - מָרַר

Transliteration

mârar

Phonetics

maw-rar'

Origin

a primitive root

Parts of Speech

verb

TWOT

1248

Definition

Brown-Driver-Briggs
Strong

Brown-Driver-Briggs' Definition

to be bitter
1. (Qal) to be bitter
2. (Piel)
  1. to show bitterness
  2. to make bitter
3. (Hiphil) to make bitter, embitter
4. (Hithpalpel)
  1. to embitter oneself
  2. to be enraged
(TWOT) to be strong, strengthen

Greek Equivalent Words:

Strong #: 4089 ‑ πικρός (pik‑ros'); 2373 ‑ θυμόω (thoo‑mo'‑o); 3710 ‑ ὀργίζω (or‑gid'‑zo); 544 ‑ ἀπειθέω (ap‑i‑theh'‑o); 3600 ‑ ὀδυνάω (od‑oo‑nah'‑o); 4090 ‑ πικρῶς (pik‑roce');

Frequency Lists

Book
Word

Verse Results

ASV (16)

Genesis 1

Exodus 3

Ruth 2

1 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Job 1

Isaiah 2

Lamentations 1

Daniel 2

Zechariah 2

BSB (14)

Genesis 1

Exodus 2

Ruth 2

2 Kings 1

Job 1

Isaiah 3

Daniel 2

Zechariah 2

CSB (12)

Genesis 1

Exodus 2

Ruth 2

1 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Job 1

Isaiah 3

Lamentations 1

Daniel 2

Zechariah 1

ESV (15)

Genesis 1

Exodus 2

Ruth 2

1 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Job 1

Isaiah 3

Lamentations 1

Daniel 2

Zechariah 1

KJV (17)

Genesis 1

Exodus 3

Ruth 2

1 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Job 1

Isaiah 3

Lamentations 1

Daniel 2

Zechariah 2

LEB (13)

Genesis 1

Exodus 2

Ruth 2

2 Kings 1

Job 1

Isaiah 2

Daniel 2

Zechariah 2

LSB (24)

Genesis 1

Exodus 2

Ruth 3

1 Samuel 2

2 Kings 2

Job 2

Isaiah 2

Lamentations 2

Daniel 4

Zechariah 4

N95 (18)

Genesis 1

Exodus 2

Ruth 2

1 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Job 1

Isaiah 3

Lamentations 1

Daniel 2

Zechariah 4

NAS (25)

Genesis 1

Exodus 2

Ruth 3

1 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Job 1

Isaiah 3

Lamentations 1

Daniel 2

Zechariah 4

NLT (0)

The World English Bible
did not use
this Strong's Number

WEB (16)

Genesis 1

Exodus 3

Ruth 2

1 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Job 1

Isaiah 2

Lamentations 1

Daniel 2

Zechariah 2

ASV (16)

and he was moved with anger 1

and she herself is in bitterness 1

and they made 1

bitter 1

bitterly 1

bitterly with me 1

for him, as one that is in bitterness 1

for it grieveth 1

have sorely grieved him 1

is vexed 1

provoke 1

shall be bitter 1

shall be moved with anger 1

son, and shall be in bitterness 1

was grieved 1

who hath vexed 1

BSB (14)

and weep bitterly 1

anguish 1

as one grieves 1

attacked him with bitterness 1

bitter 1

bitterly 1

defy 1

has dealt quite bitterly 1

in a rage 2

is bitter 1

is in deep distress 1

it grieves 1

who has embittered 1

CSB (12)

anguish 1

attacked 1

bitter 5

bitterly 1

defy 1

infuriated 2

is bitter 1

ESV (15)

attacked him 1

bitter 5

bitter distress 1

bitter tears 1

dealt 1

enraged 1

had 1

rage 1

rebel 1

suffers bitterly 1

weep 1

KJV (17)

bitter 2

bitterly 2

bitterness 4

choler 2

grieved 1

grieveth 1

him 1

made 1

provoke 1

vexed 2

LEB (13)

and it was furious 1

and they made 1

and they will grieve bitterly 1

bitter 1

bitter⌋ 1

fiercely attacked him 1

has made 1

him as one grieves bitterly 1

is bitter 2

let me ⌊weep bitterly⌋ 1

rebel against him 1

will become furious 1

LSB (24)

be 1

bitter 5

bitterly 4

dealt 1

embittered 2

enraged 2

has 1

is 3

made 1

was 1

weep 1

weeping 1

were 1

N95 (18)

bitter 4

bitterly 4

dealt 1

embittered 2

enraged 2

had 1

made 1

troubled 1

weep 1

weeping 1

NAS (25)

be 1

bitter 5

bitterly 3

dealt 1

embittered 2

enraged 2

has 1

is 3

made 1

provoked 1

troubled 1

was 1

weep 1

weeping 1

were 1

NLT (0)

The World English Bible
did not use
this Strong's Number

WEB (16)

and he was moved with anger 1

and she herself is in bitterness 1

and they made 1

bitter 2

bitterly 1

bitterly with me 1

for it grieves 1

have severely grieved him 1

is troubled 1

shall be moved with anger 1

was grieved 1

will be bitter 1

Ancient Hebrew Lexicon Definitions

1296) r m (מר MR) AC: ? CO: Bitter AB: Weak: The pictograph m is a picture of water, the r is a picture of a head. Combined these mean "water head" or headwaters. (eng: marine; marsh)

A) r m (מר MR) AC: ? CO: Bitter AB: ?: The headwaters of a river are only a trickle and have stagnant pools causing the water to be bitter. Something that is bitter of taste or attitude. Rebellion is one with a bitter attitude.

N^m) r m (מר MR) - I. Bitter: II. Trickle:From the little water at the headwaters of a river. KJV (39): bitter, bitterness, bitterly, chafed, angry, discontented, heavy - Strongs: H4751 (מַר), H4752 (מַר)

N^f1) e r m (מרה MRH) - Bitterness: KJV (1): bitterness - Strongs: H4787 (מָרָּה)

f^m) i r m (מרי MRY) - Bitter: KJV (23): rebellious, rebellion, bitter, rebel - Strongs: H4805 (מְרִי)

k^m) r m m (ממר MMR) - Bitterness: KJV (1): bitterness - Strongs: H4470 (מֶמֶר)

B) r r m (מרר MRR) AC: ? CO: Bitter AB: ?: The headwaters of a river are only a trickle and have stagnant pools causing the water to be bitter. Rebellion is one with a bitter attitude.

V) r r m (מרר MRR) - Bitter: KJV (16): (vf: Paal, Hiphil, Piel) bitterness, bitter, bitterly, choler, grieve, provoke, vex - Strongs: H4843 (מָרַר)

N^f1) e r r m (מררה MRRH) - Bile: The bitter stomach fluid. KJV (1): gall - Strongs: H4845 (מְרֵרָה)

b^f3) t f r i r m (מרירות MRYRWT) - Bitter: Bitterness KJV (1): bitterness - Strongs: H4814 (מְרִירוּת)

c^m) r f r m (מרור MRWR) - Bitter: KJV (3): bitter, bitterness - Strongs: H4844 (מְרוֹר)

c^f1) e r f r m (מרורה MRWRH) - Venom: The bitter fluids of a serpent. KJV (4): gall, bitter - Strongs: H4846 (מְרוֹרָה)

ac^m) r f r m m (ממרור MMRWR) - Bitter: KJV (1): bitterness - Strongs: H4472 (מַמְּרֹרִים)

bf^m) i r i r m (מרירי MRYRY) - Bitter: KJV (1): bitter - Strongs: H4815 (מְרִירִי)

id^m) r f r m t (תמרור TMRWR) - Bitter: KJV (3): bitter, bitterly - Strongs: H8563 (תַּמְרוּרִים)

C) r m a (אמר AMR) AC: ? CO: ? AB: Weak: A weakness from a bitter sickness.

V) r m a (אמר AMR) - Weak: [df: lma] KJV (16): (vf: Paal) languish, feeble, weak - Strongs: H535 (אָמַל)

N^m ) r m a (אמר AMR) - Weak: [df: llma] KJV (1): feeble - Strongs: H537 (אֲמֵלָל)

e^m ) r m i a (אימר AYMR) - Lamb: A weak animal. [Aramaic only] KJV (3): lamb - Strongs: H563 (אִמַּר)

o^m) r m f a (אומר AWMR) - Weak: [df: llma] KJV (1): weak - Strongs: H536 (אֻמְלַל)

D) r a m (מאר MAR) AC: Irritate CO: ? AB: ?: A bitter irritation from disease.

V) r a m (מאר MAR) - Irritate: KJV (4): (vf: Hiphil) fretting, pricking - Strongs: H3992 (מָאַר)

F) r m e (המר HMR) AC: ? CO: Pit AB: ?: The bitterness of the water in a stagnant pit.

a^f1) e r m e m (מהמרה MHMRH) - Pit: A deep hole. KJV (1): deep pit - Strongs: H4113 (מַהֲמֹרוֹת)

G) r e m (מהר MHR) AC: Hurry CO: ? AB: ?: [Unknown connection to root]

V) r e m (מהר MHR) - I. Hurry: II. Purchase:To pay the price for a wife. [Unknown connection to root] KJV (66): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Piel) haste, swift, quick, soon, speed, headlong, rash, fearful, ready, short, straightway, suddenly, endow - Strongs: H4116 (מָהַר), H4117 (מָהַר)

N^m) r e m (מהר MHR) - Quickly: KJV (18): quickly, speedily, hastily, soon, suddenly, at once - Strongs: H4118 (מַהֵר)

N^f1) e r e m (מהרה MHRH) - Quickly: KJV (20): quickly, speedily, speed, soon, swiftly, hastily, shortly - Strongs: H4120 (מְהֵרָה)

b^m) r i e m (מהיר MHYR) - Ready: In the sense of being quick. KJV (4): ready, diligent, hasting - Strongs: H4106 (מָהִר)

g^m) r e f m (מוהר MWHR) - Dowry: [Unknown connection to root] KJV (3): dowry - Strongs: H4119 (מֹהַר)

H) e r m (מרה MRH) AC: ? CO: Bitter AB: ?

V) e r m (מרה MRH) - Bitter: To be bitter or rebellious. KJV (44): (vf: Paal, Hiphil) rebel, rebellious, provoke, disobedient, against, bitter, change, disobey, grievously, provocation - Strongs: H4784 (מָרָה)

g^m) e r f m (מורה MWRH) - I. Razor:[Unknown connection to root] II. Archer:One who throws an arrow. III. Razor:[Unknown connection to root] KJV (3): razor - Strongs: H4177 (מוֹרָה)

J) r f m (מור MWR) AC: Exchange CO: ? AB: ?: [Unknown connection to root]

V) r f m (מור MWR) - Exchange: KJV (14): (vf: Niphal, Hiphil) change, remove, exchange - Strongs: H4171 (מוּר)

N^m) r f m (מור MWR) - Myrrh: A sweet smelling spice. Used as an exchange due to its monetary value. KJV (12): myrrh - Strongs: H4753 (מוֹר)

N^f1) e r f m (מורה MWRH) - Grief: As an exchange. KJV (1): grief - Strongs: H4786 (מֹרָה)

i^f1) e r f m t (תמורה TMWRH) - Exchange: KJV (6): exchange, change, recompense, restitution - Strongs: H8545 (תְּמוּרָה)

L) r m i (ימר YMR) AC: ? CO: Exchange AB: ?: [Unknown connection to root]

V) r m i (ימר YMR) - Exchange: KJV (2): (vf: Hiphil, Hitpael) change, boast - Strongs: H3235 (יָמַר)

Adopted Roots:

A2352 D r m (Rebel, Rebellion)
A2353 H r m (Rub)
A2354 U r m (Rub)
A2355 Y r m (Pain)
A2356 Q r m (Scour, Cleansing)

Brown-Driver-Briggs Expanded Definition

I. מָרַר verb be bitter (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian marâru and derivatives Dl^{HWB 427}; Arabic

become roused (of bile), II. make bitter, IV. become bitter;

bitter; Ethiopic

; Aramaic

, מְרַר); —

Qal Perfect 3 masculine singular מַר Isaiah 38:17 2t.; 3 feminine singular מָ֫רָה 1 Samuel 30:6; 2 Kings 4:27; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יֵמַר Isaiah 24:9; — be bitter:

1 literal יֵמַר שֵׁכָר לְשֹׁתָיו Isaiah 24:9.

2 figurative מָ֫רָה נֶפֶשׁ 1 Samuel 30:6 the soul of all the people was bitter against (עַלֿ); נַפְשָׁהּ מָ֫רָהלָֿהּ 2 Kings 4:27 her soul, it is bitter to her (i.e. she is in bitter distress); impersonal מַרלִֿי מְאֹד מִכֶּם Ruth 1:13 it is very bitter to me on your account (I am much distressed), compare Lamentations 1:4. — לְשָׁלוֺם מַרלִֿי מָ֑ר Isaiah 38:17 is dubious; Che^Comm. for ( my) welfare was it ( so) bitter to me, ( so) bitter, compare Brd; so De Kau (treating מר apparently as adjective ); < Drechsl. Di for my welfare did the bitter become bitter to me (מָ֑ר adjective); Lo Gr, compare Buhl (sub מַר adjective ), read מָר for מַר (√ מור), the bitter is changed for me into welfare; Che^{Hpt strike out} מָ֑ר; Du (after ᵐ5) strike out clause as gloss.

Pi`el Imperfect 1 singular אֲמָרֵר Isaiah 22:4; 3 masculine plural וַיְמָֽרֲרוּ Exodus 1:14, suffix וַיְמָֽרֲרֻהוּ Genesis 49:23; — make bitter, shew bitterness: —

1׳וַיְמ Genesis 49:23 (poem) and the archers shewed bitterness (i.e. bitter hostility) toward him (suffix of indirect object); אֲמָרֵר בַּבֶּכִ֑י Isaiah 22:4 I will shew bitterness in weeping (= weep bitterly).

2אֶתחַֿיֵּיהֶם ׳וַיְמ Exodus 1:14 (P) and they made their lives bitter by slavery.

Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הֵמַר Ruth 1:20; Job 27:2; Imperfect 2 masculine singular תַּמֵּר Exodus 23:21 (but read תֶּ֫מֶר √ מרה

Hiph`il q. v.); Infinitive absolute הָמֵר Zechariah 12:10 (twice in verse); — make bitter, shew bitterness:

1שַׁדַּי הֵמַר נַפְשִׁי Job 27:2 Shadday, who hath embittered my soul; הֵמַר שַׁדַּי לִי מְאֹד Ruth 1:20.

2וְהָמֵר עָלָיו כְּהָמֵר עַלהַֿבְּכוֺר Zechariah 12:10 and a bitter outcry (= literally shewing bitterness; "" מִסְמֵּד, סָפַד) over him, like a bitter outcry over the first-born.

Hithpalpel Imperfect וְיִתְמַרְמַר Daniel 11:11 and the king of the south shall embitter himself (be enraged); אֶלֿ׳וַיִּתְמ Daniel 8:7 and he was enraged against.

Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Definition

מָרַר

(1) to flow, to drop; whence מַר a drop, מֹר myrrh, so called from distilling, and prob. מְרֵרָה bile. (Arab. مَرْمَرَ to cause to flow, مَرْمَرَةُ frequent rain, and مَمَرُّ channel. The trilit. مَرَّ has often the sense of going, passing away, which in many roots is connected with that of flowing; see הָלַךְ No. 4, جرى to run, to flow; Aram. רְהַט to run; whence רְהָטִים channels.)

(2) to be bitter. (Arab. مَرَّ fut. A. id., and so in all the cognate languages; also the Lat. amarus, also mœreo. How this notion coheres with the former is not clear. Perhaps it is denom, from מֹר myrrh, and מְרֵרָה bile, as being very bitter things). Impers. מַר לִי it is bitter to me, i.e. I am sad, Lamentations 1:4, followed by מִן (because of any thing), Ruth 1:13. Fut. A. יֵמַר Isaiah 24:9, compare Hebr. Gram. § 67, note 3.

(3) to be embittered, 1 Samuel 30:6.

Piel, fut. יְמָרֵר.

(1) to make any thing bitter, Exodus 1:14; Isaiah 22:4, אֲמָרֵר בַּבֶּבִי “I weep bitterly.”

(2) to embitter, to irritate, to provoke any one, compare Hithp. Genesis 49:23.

Hiphil הֵמַר, inf. הָמֵר.

(1) to make life bitter, Job 27:2.

(2) followed by לְ, to make any one sad, Ruth 1:20, הֶמַר לִי שַׁדַּי “the Almighty hath made me sad.” Compare הֵרַע לְּ verse 21.

(3) to weep bitterly, for the fuller הֵמַר בְּכִי Zechariah 12:10.

Note. תַּמֵּר Exodus 23:21, is fut. Hiphil in the Chald. form, for תָּמֵר, but with the signification taken from the verb מָרָה, followed by בְּ to rebel. Compare the note under מָרָה.

Hithpalpel הִתְמַרְמַר to be embittered exasperated, Daniel 8:7. (Syr. ܡܰܪܡܰܪ to embitter, to provoke; Arab. مَرْمَرَ to be angry.)

Derivatives, מַר, מָרָה [מָרָּה], מְרִירִי, מְרִירוּת, ממֶר, מַמְּרֹרִים, תַּמְרוּרִים, pr.n. מָרָא [מָרוֹת], and those which immediately follow.

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List of Word Forms

אֲמָרֵ֣ר אמרר הֵמַ֥ר המר וְהָמֵ֥ר וְיִתְמַרְמַר֙ וַֽיְמָרֲרֻ֖הוּ וַיְמָרְר֨וּ וַיִּתְמַרְמַ֤ר והמר וימררהו וימררו ויתמרמר יֵמַ֥ר ימר כְּהָמֵ֥ר כהמר מַר־ מָֽרָה־ מר־ מרה־ תַּמֵּ֣ר תמר ’ă·mā·rêr ’ămārêr amaRer hê·mar heMar hêmar kə·hā·mêr kehaMer kəhāmêr mā·rāh- mar mar- marah mārāh- tam·mêr tamMer tammêr vaiyitmarMar vaymaraRuhu vaymareRu vehaMer veyitmarMar way·mā·ră·ru·hū way·mā·rə·rū way·yiṯ·mar·mar waymārăruhū waymārərū wayyiṯmarmar wə·hā·mêr wə·yiṯ·mar·mar wəhāmêr wəyiṯmarmar yê·mar yeMar yêmar