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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4337 - προσέχω
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- to bring to, bring near
- to bring a ship to land, and simply to touch at, put in
- to turn the mind to, attend to be attentive
- to a person or a thing: of caring for, providing for
- to attend to one's self, i.e. to give heed to one's self
- give attention to, take heed
- to apply one's self to, attach one's self to, hold or cleave to a person or a thing
- to be given or addicted to
- to devote thought and effort to
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προσέχω
( Cypr. ποέχω (q.v.)) and προσίσχω: aor. προσέσχον: —
hold to, offer, προσέσχε μαζὸν [δράκοντι ] A. Ch. 531; hold against, [ τὴν ἀσπίδα] προσῖσχε πρὸς τὸ δάπεδον Hdt. 4.200; apply, χλιάσματα Hp. Mul. 2.129 .
2. π. ναῦν bring a ship to port, προσσχόντες τὰς νέας Hdt. 9.99; Μαλέᾳ προσίσχων πρῷραν E. Or. 362; τίς σε προσέσχε . . χρεία; brought thee to land here? S. Ph. 236; [ναῦν] πρὸς τὴν γῆν προσσχεῖν D.C. 42.4: more freq. without ναῦν, put in, touch at a place, προσσχεῖν ἐς Τύρον, ἐς τὴν Σάμον, etc., Hdt. 1.2, 3.48, al.; πρὸς τὴν Σίφνον προσῖσχον ib. 58: c. dat. loci, π. τῇ γῇ Id. 4.156; τῆς νήσου τοῖς ἐσχάτοις Th. 4.30; Λιβύῃ κατὰ τὴν Μαυρουσίαν Plu. Sert. 7: c. acc. loci, τίνι στόλῳ προσέσχες τήνδε γῆν; S. Ph. 244, cf. Plb. 2.9.2: abs., land, Hdt. 2.182, etc.: with words added, πλέων δι' Ἑλλησπόντου π. ἐς Κύζικον Id. 4.76, cf. 6.119; ναυσὶ προσσχεῖν Th. 4.11; τῇ νηῒ π. εἰς Ῥόδον D. 56.9; ὡς γῇ προσέξων τὸ σῶμα, of a shipwrecked sailor, Plu. 2.1103e.
3. turn to or towards a thing, π. ὄμμα E. HF 931: mostly, π. τὸν νοῦν turn one's mind, attention to a thing, be intent on it, τοῖς ἀναπαίστοις Ar. Eq. 503; ἐμοί ib. 1014, cf. 1064, X. An. 2.4.2, etc.; π. τὸν νοῦν τινι give heed to him, pay court to him, Id. Cyr. 5.5.40; ἑαυτῷ π. τὸν νοῦν to be thinking with himself, in a fit of abstraction, Pl. Smp. 174d; also πρὸς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ κατηγορίαν π. τὸν νοῦν Antipho 3.4.1; πρὸς τούτοις Ar. Nu. 1010; π. τὸν νοῦν μὴ . . take heed lest . ., Pl. R. 432b, etc.: abs., πρόσεχε τὸν νοῦν Cratin. 284, Pherecr. 154, Ar. Pl. 113, etc.; δεῦρο τὸν νοῦν προσέχετε Id. Nu. 575, cf. Pl. Smp. 217b; προσεχέτω τὸν νοῦν let him take heed, as a warning, Ar. Nu. 1122; also τὴν γνώμην π . Id. Ec. 600, Th. 1.95, 2.11, 5.26, 7.15; π. τὴν διάνοιαν ὡς πράξει μεγίστῃ Plu. Numbers 14:1-45; but περὶ τούτου τῇ διανοίᾳ π . IG 7.2225.44 (ii B.C.); π. τῇ διανοίᾳ εἰς τὸ ῥῆμα Κυρίου LXX Exodus 9:21 .
4. without τὸν νοῦν, μὴ πρόσισχε . . βουκόλοις Cratin. 286; σαυτῷ π . Ar. Ec. 294 (lyr.), X. Mem. 3.7.9; π. ἑαυτοῖς ἀπό τινος to be on one's guard against, Ev.Luke 12:1; πρόσεχ' οἷς φράζω attend to what I shall tell you, Mnesim. 4.21 (anap.), cf. D. 10.3, etc.; π. τῶν ἐμπείρων . . ταῖς ἀναποδείκτοις φάσεσι Arist. EN 1143b11; τῷ πολλῷ χρόνῳ Id. Pol. 1264a2; π. τοῖς νόμοις Id. Fr. 539; τοῖς χιλιάρχοις take orders from them, Plb. 6.37.7; also π. ἐπί τινι LXX Genesis 4:5 : abs., πρόσεχε, κἀγώ σοι φράσω Athenio 1.8; προσέχων ἀκουσάτω attentively, D. 21.8; πρόσσχες An. Ox. 1.121: also c. acc., προσέχων τε ταῦτα Critias 25.19 D.; οὐ προσέχει τὰ πράγματα Philem. 73.4; π. νόμον θεοῦ LXX Is. 1.11, cf. Exodus 34:11 : also π. ἀπὸ τῶν ἁγίων, τῶν γραμματέων, ib. Leviticus 22:2, Ev.Luke 20:46; π. τοῦ μὴ φαγεῖν αἷμα LXX De. 12.23; π. ἵνα μὴ μαστιγωθῇς ib. 2 Chronicles 25:16 . devote oneself to a thing, c. dat., γυμνασίοισι Hdt. 9.33; τοῖς ἔργοις Ar. Pl. 553; τοῖς ναυτικοῖς Th. 1.15; τῷ πολέμῳ Id. 7.4; πλούτῳ Pl. Alc. 1.122d; τούτῳ τῷ ἀγῶνι Lycurg. 10; τοῖς κοινοῖς, γεωργίᾳ καὶ εἰρήνῃ, Plu. Cat.Mi. 19, Hdn. 2.11.3, etc.: — abs., ἐντεταμένως, προθύμως π ., Hdt. 1.18, 8.128 .
5. continue, ἡ νοῦσος, ἡ ὀδύνη π ., Hp. Int. 11, 7 .
6. Med., attach oneself to a thing, cling, cleave to it, ὅ τι πρόσσχοιτο τοῦ πηλοῦ τῷ κοντῷ Hdt. 2.136; ὥσπερ λεπὰς προσεχόμενος τῷ κίονι Ar. V. 105, cf. Pl. 1096; τῷ τοίχῳ Arist. HA 555a1: abs., οἱ πολύποδες οὕτω π. ὥστε μὴ ἀποσπᾶσθαι ib. 534b27 . metaph., devote oneself to the service of any one, esp. a god, Pi. P. 6.51 (dub.).
7. Pass., to be held fast by a thing, ὑπό τινος E. Ba. 756; to be attached to it, πρὸς τῷ στήθει Hp. Art. 14; πρὸς τῷ δένδρῳ προσέχεσθαι, of gum, stick to, Thphr. HP 9.4.4: metaph., to be implicated in, τῷ ἄγει Th. 1.127 .
II have besides or in addition, δεῖ καὶ τοῦτο προσέχειν τὸ μάθημα Pl. R. 521d, cf. D. 31.7, etc.
προσέχω; imperfect προσεῖχον; perfect προσέσχηκα; (present middle 3 person singular προσέχεται (1 Timothy 6:3 Tdf.)); to turn to (cf. πρός, IV. 1), that is,
1. to bring to, bring near; thus very frequent in Greek writings from Herodotus down with ναῦν (quite as often omitting the ναῦν) and a dative of place, or followed by πρός with an accusative of place, to bring a ship to land, and simply to touch at, put in.
2.
a. τόν νοῦν, to turn the mind to, attend to, be attentive: τίνι, to a person or thing, Aristophanes eqq. 503; Plato, Demosthenes, Polybius, Josephus, Lucian, Plutarch, others; once so in the Bible, viz. Job 7:17. The simple προσέχειν τίνι (the Sept. for הִקְשִׁיב, also for הֶאֱזִין), with τόν νοῦν omitted, is often used in the same sense from Xenophon down; so in the N. T. (cf. Winers Grammar, 593 (552); Buttmann, 144 (126)): Acts 8:6; Acts 16:14; Hebrews 2:1; 2 Peter 1:19 (1 Macc. 7:11; 4 Macc. 1:1; Wis. 8:12); in the sense of caring for, providing for, Acts 20:28.
b. προσέχω ἐμαυτῷ, to attend to oneself, i. e. to give heed to oneself (the Sept. for נִשְׁמָר, to guard oneself, i. e. to beware, Genesis 24:6; Exodus 10:28; Deuteronomy 4:9; Deuteronomy 6:12, etc.): Luke 17:3; Acts 5:35 (cf. Buttmann, 337 (290); Winers Grammar, 567 (518); yet see ἐπί, B. 2 f. α.); with the addition of ἀπό τίνος, to be on one's guard against, beware of, a thing (cf. Buttmann, § 147, 3 (ἀπό, I. 3 b.)): Luke 12:1 (Tobit 4:12; (Test xii. Patr., test. Dan 6)); also without the dative προσέχειν ἀπό τίνος: Matthew 7:15; Matthew 10:17; Matthew 16:6, 11; Luke 20:46, (Sir. 6:13 Sir. 11:33 Sir. 17:14 Sir. 18:27; ('Teaching' etc. 6, 3 [ET]; 12, 5 [ET])); followed by μή with an infinitive, to take heed lest one do a thing, Matthew 6:1; ἐμαυτῷ, μήποτε with the subjunctive Luke 21:34; absolutely to give attention, take heed: Sir. 13:13; the Epistle of Barnabas 4, 9 [ET]; 7, 4 [ET], 6. (9); followed by πῶς, the Epistle of Barnabas 7, 7 [ET]; by the interrogative τί, ibid. 15, 4 [ET]; ἵνα, ibid. 16, 8 [ET]; ἵνα μήποτε, the Epistle of Barnabas 4, 13 [ET] (variant; ἵνα μή, 2 Chronicles 25:16); (μήποτε, the Epistle of Barnabas 4, 14).
3. namely, ἐμαυτόν, to apply oneself to, attach oneself to, hold or cleave to a person or a thing (R. V. mostly give heed): with the dative of a person to one, Acts 8:10; 1 Timothy 4:1; τῷ ἐπισκόπω προσεχ. καί τῷ πρεσβυτεριω καί διακόνοις, Ignatius ad Philad. 7, 1 [ET]; ad Polycarp, 6, 1 [ET]; with the dative of a thing, μύθοις, 1 Timothy 1:4; Titus 1:14; (middle ὑγιαίνουσι λόγοις, 1 Timothy 6:3 Tdf. (others προσέρχεται, which see b. β.)); to be given or addicted to: οἴνῳ, 1 Timothy 3:8 (τρυφή, Julian Caesar 22 (p. 326, Spanh. edition); τρυφή καί μέθηl, Polyaen. strateg. 8, 56); to devote thought and effort to: τῇ ἀναγνώσει κτλ., 1 Timothy 4:13; τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ (A. V. give attendance), Hebrews 7:13 (ναυτικοις, Thucydides 1, 15; for other examples from Greek writings see Passow, under the word, 3 c.; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, 4 b.)).
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προσ -έχω ,
[in LXX for H7181 hi., H8104 ni., etc.;]
1. to turn to, bring to (freq. ναῦν , expressed or understood, to bring to port, land; Hdt., al.).
2. τ . νοῦν , seq. dat., to turn one's mind to, attend to; in Xen. and later writers with νοῦν omitted (El., § 53, 1; 81, 1): Acts 8:6; Acts 16:14, Hebrews 2:1, 2 Peter 1:19; in sense of caring or providing for, Acts 20:28; Papyri ἑαυτῷ , to give heed to oneself (M, Pr., 157; cf. Genesis 24:6, Exodus 10:28, al.): Luke 17:3; Luke 21:34, Acts 5:35; id. seq. ἀπό (M, Pr., 102; B1., § 34, 11; 40, 3; see βλέπω ), Luke 12:1; (without dat.) Matthew 7:15; Matthew 10:17; Matthew 16:6; Matthew 16:11-12, Luke 20:46 (cf. Sirach 6:13, al.); seq. μή , c. inf. (M, Pr., 193; Bl., § 69, 4), Matthew 6:1.
3. to attach or devote oneself to: c. dat. pers., Acts 8:10-11, 1 Timothy 4:1; c. dat. rei, 1 Timothy 1:4; 1 Timothy 3:8; 1 Timothy 4:13; 1 Timothy 6:3 T (-ερχ -, WH, R), Titus 1:14, Hebrews 7:13.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
For the original meaning of this adj. ";thick,"; ";close,"; cf. P Fay 113.8 (A.D. 100) ἐπὶ (= εὶ) Ἑρμοναξ ἐρώτησέ με, εἵνα ἐφίδῃ τὸν [ἐ ]λαιῶνα αὐτοῦ τὸν ἐν Κερκεσούχυ (= οι)ς ἐπὶ πυκνός ἐστιν τῦ (= οῖ)ς φυτῦ (= οῖ)ς, καὶ ἐξ αὐτο (= ω ̣)ν ἐκκόψαι θέλι φυτά, ";since Hermonax has asked me to allow him to look over his olive-yard at Kerkesucha, as it is overgrown with trees, and he wishes to cut down some of the trees"; (Edd.) : see also ib. 114.13. Πυκνός = ";frequent,"; as in 1 Timothy 5:23, is found in Aristeas 90 πυκνὰ τὰ στόματα, ";frequent outlets.";
For the comparative of the adverb, as in Acts 24:26,= ";very often,"; or ";so much the oftener"; (Blass Gr. p. 142), cf. P Oxy IV. 805 (B.C. 25) ἀξιῶ δὲ ἀντιφωνεῖν [μ ]οι πυκνότερον : see also P Leid Wii. 14 (ii/iii A.D.) τῆς ὥρας πυκνότερον, similarlyx. 39, and Aristeas 318. The form πυκνοτέρως occurs in P Lond 1929.6 (mid. iv/A.D.) παρακαλῶ οὖν πυκνο [τέ ]ρ ̣ως ήμῶν ̣ μ ̣ν ̣ήσθη [τι. For the verb πυκνόω, used intransitively, cf. Clem. Al. Paedagog. i. 6. 44 χειμῶνος μὲν πυκνοῦντος (as against Cobet 277 πυκνοῦ ὄντος : cf. philologus lxiii. (N.F. xvii.), 1904, p. 3). See also Polyb. xviii. 7. 8.
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