Lectionary Calendar

Friday, November 22nd, 2024
the Week of Proper 28 / Ordinary 33

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Bible Lexicons

Old Testament Hebrew Lexical DictionaryHebrew Lexicon

Strong's #7185 - קָשָׁה

Transliteration

qâshâh

Phonetics

kaw-shaw'

Origin

a primitive root

Parts of Speech

verb

TWOT

2085

Definition

Brown-Driver-Briggs
Strong

Brown-Driver-Briggs' Definition

to be hard, be severe, be fierce, be harsh
1. (Qal)
  1. to be hard, be difficult
  2. to be hard, be severe
2. (Niphal)
  1. to be ill-treated
  2. to be hard pressed
3. (Piel) to have severe labour (of women)
4. (Hiphil)
  1. to make difficult, make difficulty
  2. to make severe, make burdensome
  3. to make hard, make stiff, make stubborn
    1. of obstinacy (fig)
  4. to show stubbornness

Greek Equivalent Words:

Strong #: 4642 ‑ σκληρός (sklay‑ros'); 4642 ‑ σκληρός (sklay‑ros'); 4645 ‑ σκληρύνω (sklay‑roo'‑no); 4642 ‑ σκληρός (sklay‑ros'); 5246 ‑ ὑπέρογκος (hoop‑er'‑ong‑kos);

Frequency Lists

Book
Word

Verse Results

ASV (28)

Genesis 3

Exodus 2

Deuteronomy 3

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

1 Kings 2

2 Kings 2

2 Chronicles 3

Nehemiah 3

Job 1

Psalms 1

Proverbs 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 3

BSB (28)

Genesis 3

Exodus 2

Deuteronomy 4

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

1 Kings 1

2 Kings 2

2 Chronicles 3

Nehemiah 3

Job 1

Psalms 1

Proverbs 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 3

CSB (18)

Genesis 3

Exodus 2

Deuteronomy 4

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

1 Kings 1

2 Kings 2

2 Chronicles 3

Nehemiah 3

Job 1

Psalms 1

Proverbs 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 3

ESV (26)

Genesis 3

Exodus 2

Deuteronomy 4

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

1 Kings 1

2 Kings 2

2 Chronicles 3

Nehemiah 3

Job 1

Psalms 1

Proverbs 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 3

KJV (29)

Genesis 3

Exodus 2

Deuteronomy 4

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

1 Kings 2

2 Kings 2

2 Chronicles 3

Nehemiah 3

Job 1

Psalms 1

Proverbs 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 3

LEB (26)

Genesis 2

Exodus 2

Deuteronomy 3

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

1 Kings 1

2 Kings 2

2 Chronicles 3

Nehemiah 3

Job 1

Psalms 1

Proverbs 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 3

LSB (37)

Genesis 5

Exodus 5

Deuteronomy 6

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 2

1 Kings 2

2 Kings 3

2 Chronicles 4

Nehemiah 1

Psalms 1

Proverbs 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 3

N95 (29)

Genesis 4

Exodus 2

Deuteronomy 5

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

1 Kings 2

2 Kings 3

2 Chronicles 4

Nehemiah 1

Proverbs 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 3

NAS (37)

Genesis 4

Exodus 2

Deuteronomy 5

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

1 Kings 2

2 Kings 3

2 Chronicles 4

Nehemiah 5

Job 1

Psalms 1

Proverbs 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 3

NLT (0)

The
did not use
this Strong's Number

WEB (28)

Genesis 3

Exodus 2

Deuteronomy 3

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

1 Kings 2

2 Kings 2

2 Chronicles 3

Nehemiah 3

Job 1

Psalms 1

Proverbs 2

Isaiah 1

Jeremiah 3

ASV (28)

a hard thing 1

among them, but hardened 1

and hardened 2

and i will harden 1

and it came to pass, when she was in hard 1

and she had hard 1

but hardened 1

but he stiffened 1

but he that hardeneth 1

for it was cruel 1

grievous 2

harden 1

hardened 1

hardeneth 1

is sore 1

it shall not seem hard 1

made 1

now be ye not stiffnecked 1

stiff 3

that is too hard 1

through it, sore distressed 1

were fiercer 1

who hath hardened 1

would hardly 1

BSB (28)

a difficult thing 1

and stiff-necked 1

and stiffen 1

and they stiffened 1

as a hardship 1

but he who hardens 1

but they stiffened 2

but zedekiah stiffened 1

dejected 1

harden 1

has resisted 1

her severe 1

is heavy 1

it is cruel 1

pressed even harder 1

put a heavy 2

remains stiff-necked 1

stiffen 1

stubborn 1

stubbornly refused 1

they have stiffened 1

they stiffened 2

too difficult 1

was difficult 1

will harden 1

CSB (18)

dejected 1

difficult 6

harden 2

hardship 1

harsher 1

is cruel 1

opposed 1

refused 1

stiffened 1

strongly 1

stubborn 1

who hardens 1

ESV (26)

cruel 1

fiercer 1

greatly distressed 1

hard 4

hard thing 1

harden 2

hardened 2

hardest 1

heavy 2

stiff-necked 1

stiffened 7

stiffens 1

stubbornly refused 1

whoever hardens 1

KJV (29)

bestead 1

cruel 1

fiercer 1

grievous 2

hard 4

harden 2

hardened 8

hardeneth 2

hardly 1

made 1

sore 1

stiff 1

stiffened 1

stiffnecked 2

thing 1

LEB (26)

and she had hard labor 1

and stiffened 2

and they hardened 1

and they stiffened 1

be hard 1

being stubborn of 1

but he who is stubborn of 1

but they have hardened 1

harden 1

hardened 1

has resisted 1

he stiffened 1

heavy 2

is harsh 1

is too difficult 1

it is cruel 1

stiffen 1

they have hardened 1

they stiffened 1

through it distressed 1

was stubborn 1

were fiercer 1

what you ask is difficult 1

will harden 1

LSB (37)

cruel 1

hard 3

harden 2

hardened 1

hardens 2

harsh 2

harsher 1

is 3

made 2

pressed 1

seem 1

severe 2

severely 1

stiffen 2

stiffened 7

stiffness 2

suffered 1

thing 1

were 1

with 1

N95 (29)

cruel 1

hard 5

harden 1

hardened 1

hardens 2

harsher 1

made 2

pressed 1

seem 1

severe 3

stiffen 2

stiffened 6

stubborn 1

suffered 1

thing 1

NAS (37)

cruel 1

dejected 1

difficult 2

difficulties 2

hard 3

harden 2

hardened 1

hardens 1

harsher 1

is 3

made 2

seem 1

severe 3

stiffen 2

stiffened 6

stubborn 1

suffered 1

suffering 1

thing 1

was 1

were 1

NLT (0)

The
did not use
this Strong's Number

WEB (28)

a hard thing 1

and hardened 1

and stiffens 1

but hardened 1

but he stiffened 1

but one who hardens 1

for it was cruel 1

grievous 2

hardened 1

i will harden 1

is severe 1

it shall not seem hard 1

made 1

she had hard 1

stiff 3

stiffened 1

that is too hard 1

were fiercer 1

when she was in hard 1

who has hardened 1

would hardly 1

Ancient Hebrew Lexicon Definitions

1435) s q (קסה QSh) AC: Gather CO: Stalk AB: ?: The pictograph q is a picture of the sun at the horizon and the gathering of the light, the s is a picture of the teeth representing pressure. Combined these mean "bring together and pressed". Once the grain stalks are harvested from the field, it is gathered into bundles and secured with a cord in the middle.

A) s q (קסה QSh) AC: ? CO: Stubble AB: ?: The stiff part of the stalk that remains in the ground. The stiffness a branch for making bows or snares.

N^m) s q (קסה QSh) - Stubble: KJV (16): stubble - Strongs: H7179 (קַשׁ)

N^f2) t s q (קסהת QShT) - Bow: Made from a stiff branch to shoot arrows. KJV (77): bow - Strongs: H7198 (קֶשֶׁת)

f^m) i s q (קסהי QShY) - Stubbornness: As stiff. KJV (1): stubbornness - Strongs: H7190 (קְשִׁי)

B) s s q (קסהסה QShSh) AC: Gather CO: Stalk AB: ?: The stalks of the grain harvested are gathered together and tied into tight bundles. The stiffness of the stalks or a branch.

V) s s q (קסהסה QShSh) - Gather: KJV (8): (vf: Paal) gather - Strongs: H7197 (קָשַׁשׁ)

N^m) s s q (קסהסה QShSh) - Chaff: [df: ssx] KJV (2): chaff - Strongs: H2842 (חֲשַׁשׁ)

E) a s q (קסהא QShA) AC: ? CO: Cucumber AB: ?: A hard vegetable.

d^f) a f s q (קסהוא QShWA) - Cucumber: A hard vegetable. KJV (1): cucumber - Strongs: H7180 (קִשֻּׁאָה)

h^f1) e a s q m (מקסהאה MQShAH) - Cucumber: A hard vegetable. [df: hsqm] KJV (1): cucumber - Strongs: H4750 (מִקְשָׁה)

H) e s q (קסהה QShH) AC: ? CO: Hard AB: ?: The stiffness of the stubble or branch.

V) e s q (קסהה QShH) - Hard: KJV (28): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Hiphil, Piel) harden, hard, grievous - Strongs: H7185 (קָשָׁה)

N^m) e s q (קסהה QShH) - Hard: KJV (36): hard, roughly, cruel, grievous, sore, churlish, hardhearted, heavy - Strongs: H7186 (קָשֶׁה)

h^m) e s q m (מקסהה MQShH) - Hairdo: A well dressed hair. [Unknown connection to root;] KJV (1): hair - Strongs: H4748 (מִקְשֶׁה)

h^f1) e s q m (מקסהה MQShH) - Work: A metal that is formed by being beaten by a hammer. [Unknown connection to root;] KJV (10): beaten, piece, upright - Strongs: H4749 (מִקְשָׁה)

J) s f q (קוסה QWSh) AC: Gather CO: Snare AB: ?: A snare for trapping animals is constructed of a bent branch (as a spring) tied to a trap.

V) s f q (קוסה QWSh) - Snare: KJV (1): (vf: Paal) snare - Strongs: H6983 (קוּשׁ)

L) s q i (יקסה YQSh) AC: Gather CO: Snare AB: ?: A snare for trapping animals is constructed of a bent branch (as a spring) tied to a trap.

V) s q i (יקסה YQSh) - Snare: KJV (8): (vf: Paal, Niphal, Pual, Participle) snare - Strongs: H3369 (יָקַשׁ)

a^m) s q f m (מוקסה MWQSh) - Snare: KJV (27): snare, gin, trap, ensnared - Strongs: H4170 (מֹקֵשׁ)

c^m) s f q i (יקוסה YQWSh) - Snarer: KJV (1): fowler - Strongs: H3352 (יָקוֹשׁ)

d^m) s f q i (יקוסה YQWSh) - Snare: KJV (3): fowler, snare - Strongs: H3353 (יָקוּשׁ)

Adopted Roots:

A2437 S q n (Ensnare)
A2738 H s q (Harden)
A2741 T s q (Archer)

Brown-Driver-Briggs Expanded Definition

I. [קָשָׁה] verb be hard, severe, fierce (Late Hebrew קָשָׁה be severe; Arabic

(

) be hard, dry, III. endure, struggle against, severity; Aramaic קְשָׁא,

be hard, difficult; Jewish-Aramaic קְשִׁי, קַשְׁיָה adjective hard); —

Qal Perfect 3 feminine singular קָֽשְׁתָה 1 Samuel 5:7, קָשָׁ֑תָה Genesis 49:7; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִקְשֶׁה Deuteronomy 1:17; Deuteronomy 15:18, וַיִּ֫קֶשׁ 2 Samuel 19:44; —

1 be hard, difficult Deuteronomy 1:17 (of a legal case; מִן comparative).

2 be hard, severe, יָדוֺ׳ק עָלֵינוּ 1 Samuel 5:7 (of ׳י, in judgement); בְעֵינֶ֑ךָ׳יִק. Deuteronomy 15:18 it shall not be hard in thine eyes (seem a severe trial, an injustice); of wrath Genesis 49:7 (poem in J; "" עָ֑ז); of fierce words 2 Samuel 19:44.

Niph`al Participle נִקְשֶׁה Isaiah 8:21 hardly bestead, hard pressed.

Pi`el Imperfect 3 feminine singular וַתְּקַשׁ בְּלִדְתָּהּ Genesis 35:16 (E) she made hard in her bearing (had severe labour).

Hiph`il Perfect 3 masculine singular הִקְשָׁה Exodus 13:15 +, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular וַיֶּקֶשׁ 2 Chronicles 36:13; 3 masculine plural וַיַּקְשׁוּ Jeremiah 7:26 +, etc.; Infinitive construct suffix בְּהַקְשֹׁתָהּ Genesis 35:17; Participle מַקְשֶׁה Proverbs 28:14; Proverbs 29:1; —

1 make difficult, difficulty: הִקְשָׁה לְשַׁלְּחֵנוּ Exodus 13:15 Pharaoh made difficulty about sending us away; of travail Genesis 35:17 (E; as

Pi`el); הִקְשִׁיתָלִשְׁאוֺל 2 Kings 2:10 thou hast made hard to ask, asked a hard thing.

2 make severe, burdensome, yoke imposed by king 1 Kings 12:4 2 Chronicles 10:4.

3. a. make hard, stiff, stubborn, figurative of obstinacy: וַיַּקְשׁוּ אֶתעָֿרְמָּם 2 Kings 17:14 they stiffened their neck, so Jeremiah 7:26; Jeremiah 17:23; Jeremiah 19:15; Deuteronomy 10:16; 2 Chronicles 30:8; 36:13; Nehemiah 9:16,17,29; Proverbs 29:1; אַלתַּֿקְשׁוּ לְבַבְכֶם Psalm 95:8, compare Proverbs 28:14; subject ׳י, ׳אַקְשֶׁה אֶתלֵֿב פ Exodus 7:3 (P), accusative אֶתרֿוחוֺ Deuteronomy 2:30,

b. shew stubborness Job 9:4 (with אֶל person [׳י]).

Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Definition

קָשָׁה

(1) i.q. Arab. قسا to be hard, e.g. of words, 2 Sa. 19:44.

(2) to be heavy, used of the hand of God in punishing, 1 Samuel 5:7 of anger, Genesis 49:7.

(3) to be difficult, hard, Deuteronomy 1:17, 15:18.

Niphal, part. נִקְשֶׁה to be harshly treated, afflicted with a heavy lot, Isaiah 8:21.

Piel, Genesis 35:16, וַתְּקַשׁ בְּלִדְתָּהּ to have hard labour in parturition (fie hatte es fchwer behm Gebären). Verse 17 Genesis 35:17 in the same phrase is Hiph. (but it is needless to do what has of late been proposed, to take וַתְּקַשׁ as fut. Hiph. for וַתֶּקֶשׁ).

Hiphil, הִקְשָׁה, fut. apoc. וַיֶּקֶשׁ

(1) to make hard, to harden, e.g.

(a) the neck, i.e. to be obstinate, stubborn, Deuteronomy 10:16; 2 Kings 17:14 without עֹרֶף Job 9:4.

(b) followed by לֵב to harden any one’s heart, to make him obstinate, Exodus 7:3; Deuteronomy 2:30, ה׳ לִבּוֹ to harden one’s own heart, Psalms 95:8; Proverbs 28:14.

(2) to make (a yoke) heavy, 2 Kings 12:4.

(3) to make difficult, 2 Kings 2:10, הִקְשִׁיתָ לִשְׁאוֹל “thou hast asked a difficult thing.” Exodus 13:15, כִּי הִקְשָׁה פַרְעֹה לְשַׁלְּחֵנוּ “when Pharaoh would hardly let us go,” was unwilling to send us away.

Derivatives, קָשֶׁה, קְשִׁי and pr.n. קִשְׁיוֹן, also קִשֻּׁאִים [in Thes. from קָשָׁא].

II.

קָשָׁה i.q. קָשָׂה, Arab. قشا to peel off bark, especially by turning, hence to turn, to work in a round form.

Derivatives, מִקְשֶׁה, מִקְשָׁה.

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List of Word Forms

אַקְשֶׁ֖ה אקשה בְהַקְשֹׁתָ֖הּ בהקשתה הִקְשִׁ֣יתָ הִקְשָׁ֣ה הִקְשָׁ֥ה הִקְשָׁה֩ הִקְשׁ֖וּ הִקְשׁוּ֙ הקשה הקשו הקשית וַיִּ֙קֶשׁ֙ וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ וַיַּקְשׁ֤וּ וַיַּקְשׁוּ֙ וַתְּקַ֥שׁ וּמַקְשֶׁ֥ה ויקש ויקשו ומקשה ותקש יִקְשֶׁ֣ה יקשה מַקְשֶׁה־ מקשה־ נִקְשֶׁ֣ה נקשה קָשְׁתָ֤ה קָשָׁ֑תָה קשתה תַּקְשׁ֣וּ תַּקְשׁ֥וּ תַקְשׁ֖וּ תקשו ’aq·šeh ’aqšeh akSheh ḇə·haq·šō·ṯāh ḇəhaqšōṯāh hikShah hikShita hikShu hiq·šāh hiq·šî·ṯā hiq·šū hiqšāh hiqšîṯā hiqšū kaShatah kasheTah maksheh maq·šeh- maqšeh- nikSheh niq·šeh niqšeh qā·šā·ṯāh qā·šə·ṯāh qāšāṯāh qāšəṯāh takShu taq·šū ṯaq·šū taqšū ṯaqšū ū·maq·šeh umakSheh ūmaqšeh vaiyakShu vaiYekesh vaiYikesh vatteKash vehakshoTah wat·tə·qaš wattəqaš way·yaq·šū way·ye·qeš way·yi·qeš wayyaqšū wayyeqeš wayyiqeš yikSheh yiq·šeh yiqšeh