Bible Lexicons

 נָשָׂא verb lift, carry, take (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; Phoenician נשא id. Lzb³²⁶; Assyrian našû, id. Dl ^{HWB 484}; Biblical Aramaic נְשָׂא (rare); Syriac in scales; Palmyrene נסא, נשא

proper name Lzb³²⁶ Cook^81,83 (compare נשׁא forget); Arabic intransitive rise, be high, etc.; Sabean in proper name, e.g. CIS ^{iv. 5. 1}; also נשא verb Hal ^{Rev. Semitic iv (1896), 69 Minaean} נשא take, Hom ^{Südar. Chrest. 128}; Ethiopic suscipere, tollere Di⁶³⁵, so Old Ethiopic, DHM ^{Epigr.Denkm.aus Abess.(1894),52}); —

Qal₅₉₉ Perfect ׳נ Genesis 13:6 +; 2 masculine singular נָשָׂאתָ 1 Kings 2:26 +, נֶשָׂאתָה Numbers 14:19, suffix נְשָׂאתַ֫נִי Psalm 102:11; 2 feminine singular suffix נְשָֹׂאתִים Ezekiel 16:58; 3 plural נָָֽשְׂאוּ 2 Samuel 18:28 +, נָשׂוּא Psalm 139:20, וְנָשׂוּ consecutive Ezekiel 39:26, suffix נְשָׂאוּם 2 Chronicles 12:11, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular יִשָּׂא Genesis 32:21 +, וַיִּשָּׂא Genesis 13:10 +, suffix יִשָּׂאֵהוּ Deuteronomy 32:11+; 3 masculine plural יִשְׂאוּ Hosea 4:8 +, יִשָּׂ֑אוּ Habakkuk 2:6 +, וַיִּשְׂאוּ Judges 2:4 +; suffix יִשָּׂאֻנוּ Isaiah 64:5; 3 feminine plural תִּשֶּׂ֫נָה Jeremiah 9:17, וַתִּשֶּׂ֫אנָה Ruth 1:9, וַתִּשֶּׂ֫נָה Zechariah 5:9; Ruth 1:14; 2 feminine plural תִּשֶּׂ֫אינָה Ezekiel 23:49, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שָׂא Genesis 13:14 +, נְשָׂא Psalm 10:12, נְסָה Psalm 4:7; suffix שָׂאֵהוּ Numbers 11:12; 2 Kings 4:19; feminine singular שְׂאִי Genesis 21:18 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute נָשׂוֺא Jeremiah 10:5, נָשׂא Hosea 1:6 2t.; construct נְשׂא Isaiah 1:14 2t., שׂוֺא Psalm 89:10, (read perhaps שְׁאוֺן roar Ri Bi Che, compare Hi שׁוֺא), usually שְׂאֵת Genesis 4:7 +; suffix נָשְׂאִי Psalm 28:2, שְׂאֵתִי Jeremiah 15:15; Psalm 89:51, etc.; Aramaizing Infinitive לְמַשְׂאוֺת Ezekiel 17:9 (si vera lectio; Co Berthol לְיוֺם שְׂאֵת); Participle active נשֵֹׁא Exodus 34:7 +, feminine נשְֹׁאֵת 1 Kings 10:22, נשֵֹׁאת Esther 2:15, etc.; passive construct נְשׂוּא Isaiah 3:3 +, נְשׂוּי Psalm 32:1, etc.; —

1 lift, lift up:

a. literally, with accusative of person or thing; the food lifts ark Genesis 7:17 (J), ׳י lifts standard (נֵס) Isaiah 5:26; Isaiah 11:12 + (often followed by ל person), rod Isaiah 10:26, with עַל against Isaiah 10:24, חֶרֶב אֶלֿ׳נ Micah 4:3 = Isaiah 2:4, etc.; — especially lift in order to hold, carry away, etc. Genesis 21:18 (E), Judges 9:48; Amos 6:10; 2 Samuel 2:32; 2 Samuel 4:4; 1 Kings 13:29; 2 Kings 9:25,26; Ezekiel 3:12,14; Ezekiel 8:3; Ezekiel 11:24 +; lift up wings to fly Ezekiel 10:16,19; Ezekiel 11:22; רַגְלָיו וַיֵּלֶךְ׳נ Genesis 29:1 he lifted up his feet and went; lift up, upon (על) Genesis 31:17; Genesis 42:26 (both E), figurative Job 31:36; בְּמאֹזְנַיִם׳נ Job 6:2 put a thing into scale; בוֺ אָלָה׳נ put on him (require of him) an oath 1 Kings 8:31 2 Chronicles 6:22, so van d. H., ᵐ5; correct ᵑ0נָשָׁא (Baer Ginsb), but sense hardly possible; אֶשָּׂא בְשָׂרִי בְשִׁנָּ֑י Job 13:14 I will take up my flesh in my teeth (figurative for hazarding life).

b. in many phrases, literal and figurative, e.g.: (1) lift up hand; against (ב) 2 Samuel 18:28; 2 Samuel 20:21, with לְ Psalm 106:26; אֶלֿ (as signal) Isaiah 49:22; absolute, in display of power Psalm 10:12; frequently in oath (especially Ezekiel , P; of ׳י usually followed by infinitive, often + ל person) Exodus 6:8; Numbers 14:30 (both P), Ezekiel 20:5 (twice in verse); Ezekiel 20:6,15,23,28,42; Ezekiel 36:7; Ezekiel 44:12; Ezekiel 47:14; Nehemiah 9:15, + אֶלשָֿׁמַיִם Deuteronomy 32:40 lift hand to heaven; in prayer (with אֶלֿ) Psalm 28:2; Lamentations 2:19, so (בְּשִׁמְךָ) Psalm 63:5, absolute Psalm 134:2, and, remarkably, אֶלמִֿצְוֺתֶיךָ Psalm 119:48; also figurative of the deep (תְּהוֺם) Habakkuk 3:10; in blessing Leviticus 9:22 (P; with אֶל). (2) lift up one's head = shew boldness, independence Judges 8:28; Zechariah 2:4; Job 10:15; Psalm 83:3; of another = restore to honour Genesis 40:13,20 (E), but lift thy head from off thee (מֵעָלֶיךָ), Genesis 40:19, by word-play; — + מִבֵּית כֶּלֶא 2 Kings 25:27 = Jeremiah 52:31; figurative of gates, lift up your heads Psalm 24:7; Psalm 24:9. (3) lift up one's face, countenance (מָּנִים), literal, 2 Kings 9:32 (אֶלֿ); sign of good conscience 2 Samuel 2:22 (אֶלֿ), absolute Job 11:15; of ׳י, sign of favour, מָּנֶיךָ אֶלֿ׳נ Numbers 6:26 (P; form of benediction); compare אוֺר׳נ מָּנֶיךָ עַלֿ Psalm 4:7; especially lift up face of another (originally probably of one prostrate in humility; opposed to הֵשִׁיבמָּנִים repel), in various shades of meaning: = grant a request Genesis 19:21 (J; + לַדָּבָר הַזֶּה), 1 Samuel 25:35; Job 42:8,9; = be gracious to, Genesis 32:21 (E), Malachi 1:8,9; hence phrase נְשׂוּא פָנִים graciously received, held in honour 2 Kings 5:1 (of Naaman), and, as substantive, honourable, eminent one Isaiah 3:3; Isaiah 9:14 (but strike out as gloss), Job 22:8; = shew consideration for Deuteronomy 28:50; Lamentations 4:16; also in bad sense = be unduly influenced by Job 32:21, and, specifically, = shew partiality (towards) Deuteronomy 10:17 (denied of ׳י), Leviticus 19:15 (H), Malachi 2:9 (בַּתּוֺרָה), Job 13:8,10; Job 34:19; Proverbs 18:5; Psalm 82:2 (synonym ׳הִכִּיר פ); even מְּנֵי כָלכֹּֿפֶר׳נ Proverbs 6:35i.e. regard any bribe. (4) lift up eyes, on high 2 Kings 19:22 = Isaiah 37:23, compare Psalm 121:1 (אֶלֿ); לַשָּׁמַיִם Isaiah 51:6 ("" הִבִּיט אֶלֿ); followed by ה locative Deuteronomy 3:27; Deuteronomy 4:19 compare Ezekiel 8:5 (twice in verse); toward (אֶלֿ) idols Ezekiel 18:6,12,15; Ezekiel 33:25, compare Ezekiel 23:27; toward (אֶלֿׅ׳י Psalm 123:1 (these with implied worship); עֵינֶיהָ אֶלֿ׳נ Genesis 39:7i.e. she gazed at him with desire; usually + verb of seeing (35t.) Genesis 13:10,14; Genesis 18:2 + (Hexateuch only J E), Isaiah 40:26 (+ מָרוֺם), Isaiah 49:18; Isaiah 60:4 (both + סָבִיב), Jeremiah 3:2 (+ עַלֿ). (5) lift up voice (קוֺל), give (loud) utterance Isaiah 52:8, of floods Psalm 93:3, + and weep Genesis 21:16 (E) Genesis 27:38; Genesis 29:11 (both J), Judges 2:4, + וַתִּשָּׂא וַיִּתְּנוּ אֶתקֿוֺלָם וַיִּבִכוּ Numbers 14:1 (P), + 9t.; + יָרֹ֫נוּ Isaiah 24:14; + קָרָא Judges 9:7; קוֺל omitted Isaiah 3:7; Isaiah 42:2, Isaiah 42:11 ("" יָרֹ֫נוּ); also (6) lift up (+ verb of saying, usually אָמַר), often of formal and solemn utterance, מָשָׁל׳נ Numbers 23:7,18; Numbers 24:3,15,20,21,23; Job 27:1; Job 29:1 + עַל Micah 2:4; Habakkuk 2:6; Isaiah 14:4; ונשׂאבֿוֺ אָלָה 1 Kings 8:31 and he shall lift up against him an oath = 2 Chronicles 6:22 (ᵑ0וְנָשָׁא see Baer Ginsb, but sense difficult; read rather וְנָשָׂא); עָלָיו הַמַּשָּׂא הַזֶּה׳נ ׳י 2 Kings 9:25; קִינָה׳נ, + עַלֿ Jeremiah 7:29; Ezekiel 26:17; Ezekiel 27:2; Ezekiel 28:12; Ezekiel 32:2, + אֶלֿ Ezekiel 19:1; Ezekiel 27:32; lift up word Amos 5:1 (על, + קִינָה); weeping Jeremiah 9:9 (עַלֿ); lamentation (נְהִי) Jeremiah 9:17 (עַלֿ), reproach Psalm 15:3 (עַלֿ). (7) lift up, take up = utter: name of ׳י, לַשָּׁוְא Exodus 20:7 (twice in verse) = Deuteronomy 5:11 (twice in verse) (Decalogue); compare Psalm 139:20 (read probably שְׁמֶ֑ךָ Bö Ol Che Kau); בַּלאֶֿשָּׂא שְׁמוֺתָם עַלשְֿׂפָתָ֑י Psalm 16:4; בְּרִיתִי עֲלֵיפִֿיךָ׳נ Psalm 50:16; probably also שֵׁמַע שָׁוְא׳נ Exodus 23:1 (E). (8) lift up prayer in behalf of (בְּעַד) 2 Kings 19:4 = Isaiah 37:4; Jeremiah 7:16; Jeremiah 11:14. (9) lift up soul (נֶפֶשׁ), i.e. direct the desire (נֶפֶשׁ

1 d) towards (אל) a thing, Deuteronomy 24:15; Proverbs 19:18, אֶלעָֿוֺן Hosea 4:8, לַשָּׁוְא Psalm 24:4 (compare

Pi`el and II. מַשָּׂא

2); ׳אֶליֿ Psalm 25:1; Psalm 86:4; Psalm 143:8, so the heart Lamentations 3:41. (10) take up (incur) sin, iniquity, (only H P) Exodus 28:43; Numbers 18:22, with עַל for Leviticus 19:17; Leviticus 22:9; Numbers 18:32 (compare also

2 b). (11) of heart lifting one up, (inciting), Exodus 35:21,26; Exodus 36:2 (all P); of presumption 2 Kings 14:10 2 Chronicles 25:19. — ᵑ0 apparently requires intransitive or reflexive meaning, lift oneself up, in following, text dubious in all: Hosea 13:1 read perhaps נָשִׂיא Oort We compare Now; Nahum 1:5 Now (after Bi) וַתֵּשָׁא (read וַתֵּ֫שֶׁא? √ שׁאה); Psalm 89:10 read שְׁאוֺן Bi Ri Che; Habakkuk 1:3 יִשָּׂא queried by We Gr Buhl and others, compare Gunk ^{Sch-pfung 33}.

2 Bear, carry:

a. literally, a load or burden (usually accusative) Genesis 37:25; Genesis 44:1 (both J), Genesis 45:23 (twice in verse) (E), 1 Samuel 10:3 (3t. in verse); Jeremiah 10:5; Jeremiah 17:21,27 + very often; נֹשֵׂא כֵלִים armour-bearer Judges 9:54; 1 Samuel 14:1 + often Samuel; bearing weapons 1 Chronicles 5:18; 1 Chronicles 12:24; 2 Chronicles 14:7 (twice in verse); Lamentations 3:27 (עֹל׳נ figurative), Isaiah 1:14 (figurative, compare

d below); a load of care, responsibility Deuteronomy 1:9,12; share a burden with אֶתֿ׳נ Exodus 18:22 (E; no accusative); with ׳ב, יִשָּׂאבְשִׁיחִי מִשְׁכָּבִי Job 7:13 my bed shall carry at (help carry) my grief, Numbers 11:17; take up and carry (idolatrous images) Amos 5:26; Isaiah 46:7; bear ephod, 1 Samuel 2:28; 1 Samuel 14:3 + 1 Samuel 14:18 (ᵐ5.), 1 Samuel 22:18 (see Dr in Hastings ^{Dict. 726}); in triumph Isaiah 8:4.

b. especially bear guilt, or punishment Genesis 4:13 (J, עֲוֺנִי), often Ezekiel HP: עָוֺן׳נ Leviticus 5:1,17; Leviticus 7:18; Numbers 5:31; Numbers 14:34, compare Numbers 15:31 (all P), Leviticus 17:16; Leviticus 19:8; Leviticus 20:17,19 (H) Ezekiel 14:10; Ezekiel 44:12 (compare

Hiph`il Leviticus 22:16); חֵטְא׳נ Leviticus 20:20; Leviticus 24:15 (H) Numbers 9:13 (P), compare Ezekiel 23:49; compare כְּלִמָּה׳נ Ezekiel 16:52 (twice in verse), עֹנֶשׁ׳נ Proverbs 19:19, ׳נ absolute Proverbs 9:12; עֲוֺן ֗֗֗ ׳נ = be responsible for Exodus 28:33; Numbers 18:1 (twice in verse) compare Numbers 18:23; ** incur guilt Exodus 28:43 = bear guilt for others Leviticus 10:17; Leviticus 16:22 (of goat; + אֶלאֿרץ, construct praegn.), Numbers 30:16 (all P), Ezekiel 4:4,5,6, compare זְנוּתֵיכֶם׳נ Numbers 14:33; חֵטְא׳נ Isaiah 53:12, compare חֳלָיֵנוּ׳נ Isaiah 53:4; also בַּעֲוֺן ֗֗֗ ׳נ bear at (share in), Ezekiel 18:19,20 (twice in verse).

c. support, sustain, on (על) wings Exodus 19:4; Deuteronomy 32:11; Psalm 91:12 (all figurative); land could not support them Genesis 13:6 (J), Genesis 36:7 (P).

d. endure Jeremiah 15:15; Jeremiah 31:19; Ezekiel 36:6; Job 34:31; Psalm 55:13; Psalm 69:8; Psalm 88:16; Proverbs 18:14; Proverbs 30:21; suffer, bear with, permit Job 21:3.

e. bear, carry, וַיִּשָּׂא מֵאֵת מָּנָיו אֲלֵהֶם Genesis 43:34 (J) and they (indefinite) carried portions from his presence unto them; carry gifts as tribute 2 Samuel 8:2,6; later, bring an offering Psalm 96:8 = 1 Chronicles 16:29; Ezekiel 20:31 (ᵐ5 Co בראשׁית; Toy following MT).

f. carry = contain, hold: bath to hold 1/10 homer Ezekiel 45:11.

g. bear fruit, of tree Haggai 2:19; Joel 2:22, figurative Ezekiel 36:8; boughs Ezekiel 17:23 (in figurative); produce, yield, of mountains Job 40:20; Psalm 72:3 (both with לְ for).

3 Take, take away:

a. literal with מִן 1 Samuel 17:34; Numbers 16:15 (unjustly).

b. take away, carry off, Judges 21:23; 1 Kings 15:22 2 Chronicles 16:6; 1 Kings 18:12; Lamentations 5:13; Micah 2:2; Jeremiah 49:29 (ל person), Isaiah 40:24; Isaiah 41:16 +; take away head (מֵעַל person) Genesis 40:19 (see above); sweep away = destroy Job 32:22 (compare Niph`al 4); life 2 Samuel 14:14.

c. take away, guilt, iniquity, transgression, etc., i.e. forgive, with accusative Genesis 50:17 (E), Exodus 32:32 (E), Exodus 10:17; Exodus 34:7 (J), Numbers 14:18 (JE), 1 Samuel 15:25; Hosea 14:3; Job 7:21 ("" הֶעֱכִיר עָוֺן), Psalm 32:5; + ל person Micah 7:18; ל person, accusative omitted, Genesis 18:20 (J), Numbers 14:19 (J E; "" סלח עָוֺן), Hosea 1:6; Isaiah 2:9 (probably gloss.), Psalm 99:8; with ל of sin Genesis 50:17; Exodus 23:21 (both E), 1 Samuel 25:28; Psalm 25:18; נְשֻׂא עָוֺן Isaiah 33:24; נְשׂוּיֿמֶּשַׁע Psalm 32:1. [In this sense ׳נ used in E; סלח in D P; both in J; ׳נ also in early prophets, Samuel and Job , and in earlier and latest Psalm; not in Jeremiah , Kings, Isa², Lamentations , Chronicles, Daniel , which use סלח; see Br ^{Hexateuch 155}.]

d. take as wife (usually with לְ for), late: Ezra 9:2,12; Ezra 10:44; Nehemiah 13:25; 2 Chronicles 11:21; 13:21; 24:3; Ruth 1:4.

e. take an enumeration, usually with ראֹשׁ sum Exodus 30:12; Numbers 1:2; Numbers 1:49; Numbers 4:2; Numbers 4:22; Numbers 26:2; Numbers 32:26; Numbers 32:49 (all P); with מִסְמָּר Numbers 3:40; 1 Chronicles 27:23.

f. take and carry away, receive, Deuteronomy 33:3; 1 Kings 5:23; Psalm 24:5; hence, obtain favour (חֶסֶד, חֵן) Esther 2:9,17 (both + לִפְנֵי), Esther 5:2 (+ בְּעֵינָיו). — לְמַשְׂאוֺת אוֺתָהּ מִשָּׁרָשֶׁיהָ Ezekiel 17:9 (Co Berthol ׳לְיוֺם שְׂאֵת וגו) is usually rendered plucking it up (tearing it away) by the roots, but dubious; ׳נ not elsewhere in this sense.

Niph`al Perfect נִשָּׂא Jeremiah 51:9, ׳וְנ consecutive Exodus 25:28 +; Imperfect יִנָּשֵׂא Isaiah 40:4; 3 masculine plural יִנָּֽשְׂאוּ Ezekiel 1:19,20,21, יִנָּשׂוּא Jeremiah 10:5, יִנָּשֵׂ֑אוּ Proverbs 30:13; 3 feminine plural תִּנָּשֶׂאנָה Isaiah 49:22, etc.; Imperative הִנָּשֵׂא Psalm 7:7; Psalm 94:2, masculine plural הִנָָּֽשְׂאוּ Psalm 24:7; Infinitive הִנָּשֵׂא Ezekiel 1:19, suffix הִנָָּֽשְׂאָם Ezekiel 1:21; Participle נִשָּׂא Isaiah 2:2 +, feminine נִשָּׂאָה Isaiah 30:25, נִשֵּׂאת Zechariah 5:7; 1 Chronicles 14:2, etc.; — 2 Samuel 19:43 is dubious, and participle (Ol^{§ 192 c} Kö ^{i. 632f.}) inexplicable; read נִשּׂא (Infinitive absolute

Niph`al) Dr (compare Th), or מַשְׂאֵת portion Gr HPS; > Ba <sup>NB 90</sup> thinks נִשֵּׂאת Infinitive Niph`al with compensative ending; —

1 be lifted up,

a. literal Zechariah 5:7; Ezekiel 1:19,21 (both מֵעַל הָאָרֶץ), Ezekiel 1:19; Ezekiel 1:20; Ezekiel 1:21 (all in vision), of valleys Isaiah 40:4; of gates Psalm 24:7 + Psalm 24:9 b (read

Niph`al); of eyelids Proverbs 30:13 ( superciliousness); metaphor of judgment on Babylon reaching up to the sky (עַד); participle = elevated, exalted Isaiah 6:1 (of ׳י s throne, in vision); of lofty hills Isaiah 2:14; Isaiah 30:25; Isaiah 57:7, compare Micah 4:1 = Isaiah 2:2 מִן lifted from out the hills), once of trees Isaiah 2:13 (text dubious); Generally, Isaiah 2:12.

b. figurative, be exalted, of king, 2 Chronicles 32:23, kingdom 1 Chronicles 14:2, servant of ׳י Isaiah 52:13, ׳י himself Isaiah 57:15.

2 reflexive lift oneself up = rise up, of ׳י, to display power in judgment: Isaiah 33:10; Psalm 94:2.

3 be borne, carried Jeremiah 10:5; Exodus 25:28 (P), Isaiah 49:22; Isaiah 66:22.

4 be taken away, carried off, 2 Kings 20:17 (ה locative) = Isaiah 39:6; be swept away (of multitude) Daniel 11:12 (compare Bev Behrm, Prince, see also Qal 3; Ew Hi as 2, see Dr).

Pi`el Perfect נִשֵּׂא 2 Samuel 5:12, נִשָּׂא (analogue of ה׳ל) 2 Samuel 19:43; 1 Kings 9:11, וְנִשָּׂא consecutive Amos 4:2, etc.; Imperfect 3 masculine singular suffix וַיְנַשְּׂאֵ֫הוּ Esther 3:1, וַיְנַשְּׂאֵם Isaiah 63:9; 3 masculine plural suffix יְנַשְּׂאוּהוּ Ezra 1:4; Imperative masculine singular suffix נַשְּׂאֵם Psalm 28:9; Participle plural מְנַשְּׂאִים Jeremiah 22:27 2t.; —

1 lift up = exalt, kingdom 2 Samuel 5:12 (""

Niph`al 1 Chronicles 14:2), person Esther 5:11 (עַל), compare Esther 3:1; = support, aid, assist Ezra 8:36; Esther 9:3; with ב aid with trees (supply with) 1 Kings 9:11, so Ezra 1:4.

2 figurative נֶפֶשׁ׳נ = desire, long, Jeremiah 22:14; Jeremiah 44:14.

3 carry, bear continuously