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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2556 - κακός
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- of a bad nature
- not such as it ought to be
- of a mode of thinking, feeling, acting
- base, wrong, wicked
- troublesome, injurious, pernicious, destructive, baneful
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this Strong's Number
κᾰκός, ή, όν,
bad:
I of persons,
1 of appearance, ugly, εἶδος μὲν ἔην κακός Il. 10.316, cf. Paus. 8.49.3.
2. of birth, ill-born, mean, γένος ἐστὲ διοτρεφέων βασιλήων.., ἐπεὶ οὔ κε κακοὶ τοιούσδε τέκοιεν Od. 4.64; Ζεὺς δ' αὐτὸς νέμει ὄλβον.. ἐσθλοῖς ἠδὲ κακοῖσι 6.189; οὐ κακὸν οὐδὲ μὲν ἐσθλόν 22.415; οὐδ' ἐὰν.. φανῶ τρίδουλος, ἐκφανῇ κακή S. OT 1063; κακός τ' ὢν κἀκ κακῶν ib. 1397.
3. of courage, craven, base, Il. 2.365, 6.489; κακοῦ τρέπεται Χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ (called δειλὸς ἀνήρ in the line above) 13.279; Ἕκτωρ σε κ. καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει 8.153, cf. Od. 3.375; κ. καὶ ἀνήνορα 10.301; οἵτινες.. ἐγένοντο ἄνδρες κ. ἢ ἀγαθοὶ ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίῃ Hdt. 6.14; κ. καὶ ἄθυμος Id. 7.11; οὐδαμῶν κακίονες ib. 104; κακοὺς πρὸς αἰχμήν S. Ph. 1306; κακή τ' ἐς ἀλκὴν καὶ σίδηρον εἰσορᾶν E. Med. 264; οὐδενὶ ἐπιτρέψοντας κακῷ εἶναι X. An. 3.2.31.
4. bad of his kind, i. e. worthless, sorry, unskilled, ἡνίοχοι Il. 17.487; [ τοξότης ] ἢ κ. ἢ ἀγαθός ib. 632; νομῆες Od. 17.246; κ. ἀλήτης a bad beggar, ib. 578; ἰατρός A. Pr. 473; κυβερνήτης, ναύτης, E. Supp. 880, Andr. 457; μάγειρος Pl. Phdr. 265e: c. acc. modi, πάντα γὰρ οὐ κακός εἰμι I am not bad in all things, Od. 8.214; κ. γνώμην S. Ph. 910: also c. dat., κακοὶ γνώμαισι Id. Aj. 964: c. inf., κ. μανθάνειν Id. OT 545; [ νῆσος ] φυτεύεσθαι κακή Trag.Adesp. 393; cf. 11.
5. in moral sense, base, evil, Od. 11.384, Hes. Op. 240; opp. Χρηστός, S. Ant. 520; ὦ κακῶν κάκιστε Id. OT 334, Ph. 984; πλεῖστον κάκιστος Id. OC 744; κ. πρός τινας Th. 1.86; εἰς φίλους E. Or. 424 codd.; περὶ τὰ Χρήματα Pl. Clit. 407c.
6. wretched, Herod. 3.42.
II
1. of things, evil, pernicious, freq. in Hom., etc., as δαίμων, θάνατος, μοῖρα, αἶσα, κῆρες, νοῦσος, ἕλκος, φάρμακα, ὀδύναι, Od. 10.64, Il. 3.173, 13.602, 1.418, Od. 2.316, Il. 1.10, 2.723, 22.94, 5.766; Χόλος, ἔρις, Il. 16.206, Od. 3.161; πόλεμος, ἔπος, ἔργα, Il. 4.82, 24.767, Od. 2.67, al.; ἦμαρ, ἄνεμος, Il. 9.251, Od. 5.109; of omens and the like, unlucky, ὄρνις, ὄναρ, σῆμα, Il. 24.219, 10.496, 22.30: also in Trag., κ. τύχη, δαίμων, μόρος, S. Tr. 328, A. Pers. 354, 369, etc.; of words, abusive, foul, κ. λόγοι S. Ant. 259, cf. Tr. 461; κ. ποιμήν, i.e. the storm, A. Ag. 657: Astrol., unlucky, τόποι Heph.Astr. 1.12; κ. τύχη, name for the sixth region, Paul.Al. M. 1. κακόν, τό, and κακά, τά, as Subst., evil, ill, δίδου δ' ἀγαθόν τε κακόν τε Od. 8.63; ἀθάνατον κακόν 12.118; ἐκ μεγάλων κακῶν πεφευγέναι Hdt. 1.65; so κ. ἄμαχον, ἄπρηκτα, Pi. P. 2.76, I. 8(7).8; ἔκπαγλον, ἄφερτον, ἀμήχανον, etc., A. Ag. 862, 1102, E. Med. 447, etc.; κακὸν ἥκει τινί there's trouble in store for some one, Ar. Ra. 552; δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν the least of two evils, S. OT 640, cf. OC 496; κακῶν Ἰλιάς, v. Ἰλιάς; κακόν τι ῥέξαι τινά to do harm or ill to any one, Il. 2.195, etc.; πολλὰ κάκ' ἀνθρώποισιν ἐώργει Od. 14.289; κακὰ φέρειν, τεύχειν τινί, Il. 2.304, Hes. Op. 265; κακόν τι (or κακὰ) ποιεῖν τινα (v. δράω, ποιέω, ἐργάζομαι) ; κακὸν πάσχειν ὑπό τινος to suffer evil from one, Th. 8.48, etc.: in Trag. freq. repeated, κακὰ κακῶν, = τὰ κάκιστα, S. OC 1238 (lyr.); εἴ τι πρεσβύτερον ἔτι κακοῦ κακόν Id. OT 1365 (lyr.); δεινὰ πρὸς κακοῖς κακά Id. OC 595, cf. Ant. 1281; δόσιν κακὰν κακῶν κακοῖς A. Pers. 1041 (lyr.).
2. κακά, τά, evil words, reproaches, πολλά τε καὶ κακὰ λέγειν Hdt. 8.61, cf. A. Th. 571, S. Aj. 1244, Ph. 382, etc.
3. Philos., κακόν, τό, Evil, Stoic. 3.18, al., Plot. 1.8.1, al.
4. of a person, pest, nuisance, τουτὶ παρέξει τὸ κ. ἡμῖν πράγματα Ar. Av. 931; also, comically, ὅσον συνείλεκται κακὸν ὀρνέων what a devil of a lot of birds, ib. 294.
degrees of Comparison:
1 regul. Comp. in , κακώτερος Od. 6.275, 15.343, Theoc. 27.22, A.R. 3.421, etc.: also in late Prose, Alciphr. 3.62: irreg. κακίων, ον [with ῐ ], Od. 2.277, Thgn. 262, etc., with ῑ in Trag., exc. E. Fr. 546 (anap.); κακῑότερος Revelation 12:7 (Strato).
2. Sup. κάκιστος Hom., etc.--Cf. also Χείρων, Χείριστος, and ἥσσων, ἥκιστος.
1. Adv. κακῶς ill, ἢ εὖ ἦε κακῶς Il. 2.253, etc.; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινα to treat one ill; κακῶς ποιεῖν τι to hurt, damage a thing; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινά τι to do one any evil or harm; κ. πράσσειν to fare ill, A. Pr. 266, etc.; κάκιον ἢ πρότερον πράττειν And. 4.11; κ. ἔχειν Ar. Ra. 58, etc.; of illness, Matthew 4:24; rarely κακῶς πάσχειν A. Pr. 759, 1041 (anap.); Χρῆν Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κ. Hdt. 1.8; κ. ὄλοισθε S. Ph. 1035, etc.; with play on two senses, ὡς κ. ἔχει ἅπας ἰατρός, ἂν κ. μηδεὶς ἔχῃ Philem.Jun. 2; κ. ἐρεῖν τινά, λέγειν τὴν πόλιν, Mimn. 7.4, Ar. Ach. 503; κ. εἰδότες, = ἀγνοοῦντες, X. Cyr. 2.3.13, Isoc. 8.32, cf. Hyp. Eux. 33; κακῶς ἐκπέφευγα I have barely escaped, D. 21.126: Comp. κάκιον Hdt. 1.109, S. OT 428, And.l.c., Pl. Mx. 236a, etc.: Sup. κάκιστα Ar. Ra. 1456, Pax 2, Pl. R. 420b, etc.
2. Adv. and Adj. freq. coupled in Trag., Att., etc., κακὸν κακῶς νιν.. ἐκτρῖψαι βίον S. OT 248; κακὸς κακῶς ταφήσῃ E. Tr. 446 (troch.); ἀπό σ' ὀλῶ κακὸν κακῶς Ar. Pl. 65, cf. Eq. 189, 190, D. 32.6, Procop. Pers. 1.24; κακοὺς κακῶς ἀπολέσει αὐτούς Matthew 21:41; κακοὺς κάκιστα S. Aj. 839; in reversed order, ὥσπερ ἀξία κακῶς κακὴ θανεῖται E. Tr. 1055; with intervening words, κακῶς.. ἀπόλλυσθαι κακούς S. Ph. 1369, cf. E. Cyc. 268, Ar. Eq. 2. (Perh. cogn. with Avest. kasu-, Comp. kasyah-, Sup. kasišta- 'small', Lith. nukašëti 'grow feeble, thin', Germ. hager.)
κακός, κακῇ, κακόν, the Sept. for רָע (from Homer down), bad (A. V. (almost uniformly) evil);
1. universally, of a bad nature; not such as it ought to be.
2. (morally, i. e.) of a mode of thinking, feeling, acting; base, wrong, wicked: of persons, Matthew 21:41 (cf. Winers Grammar, 637 (592); also Buttmann, 143 (126));
3. troublesome, injurious, pernicious, destructive, baneful: neuter κακόν, an evil, that which injures, James 3:8 (Winers Grammar, § 59, 8 b.; Buttmann, 79 (69)); with the suggestion of wildness and ferocity, θηρία, Titus 1:12; substantially equivalent to bad, i. e. distressing, whether to mind or to body: ἕλκος κακόν καί πονηρόν (A. V. a noisome and grievous sore), Revelation 16:2; κακόν πράσσω ἐμαυτῷ, Latinvim mihi infero, to do harm to oneself, Acts 16:28; κακόν τί πάσχω, to suffer some harm, Acts 28:5; τά κακά, evil things, the discomforts which plague one, Luke 16:25 (opposed to τά ἀγαθά, the good things, from which pleasure is derived). (Synonym: cf. κακία.)
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κακός , -ή , -όν ,
[in LXX chiefly for H7451;]
1. in general, opp. to ἀγαθός , καλός , in various senses, bad, mean, base, worthless (cl.).
2. In ethical sense, base, evil, wicked: of persons, Matthew 21:41; Matthew 24:48, Philippians 3:2, Revelation 2:2; διαλογισμοί , Mark 7:21; ὁμιλίαι , 1 Corinthians 15:33; ἐπιθυμία (Proverbs 12:12), Colossians 3:5; ἔργον , Romans 13:3; neut., κακόν , τὸ κ ., evil: John 18:23, Acts 23:9, Romans 7:21; Romans 14:20; Romans 16:19, 1 Corinthians 13:5, Hebrews 5:14, 1 Peter 3:10-11, 3 John 1:11; pl., Romans 1:30, 1 Corinthians 10:6, 1 Timothy 6:10, James 1:13; κ . (τὸ , τὰ κ .) ποιεῖν (πράσσειν ), Matthew 27:23, Mark 15:14, Luke 23:22, John 18:30, Romans 3:8; Romans 7:19; Romans 13:4, 2 Corinthians 13:7, 1 Peter 3:12; κατεργάζεσθαι , Romans 2:9; of wrongs inflicted, Acts 9:13, Romans 12:17; Romans 12:21; Romans 13:10, 1 Thessalonians 5:15, 2 Timothy 4:14, 1 Peter 3:9.
3. pernicious, harmful, evil: Luke 16:25, Acts 16:28; Acts 28:5, Titus 1:12, James 3:8, Revelation 16:2 (Cremer, 325, 741).†
SYN.: see (ἄθεσμος G113).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
This familiar adj. is by no means so common in our sources as we might have expected, but the following may serve as exx. of its varied uses—PSI IV. 340.4 (B.C. 257–6) ἐστὶ δέ σοι πάντων μὲν τῶν κακῶν αἴτιος Μητρόδωρος, P Oxy III. 532.22 (ii/A.D.) οὐκ ἀνέμεινας ὑπὸ κακοῦ συνειδότος κατεχόμενος, ";you would not stay, being oppressed by an evil conscience"; (Edd.), ib. 488.40 (ii/iii A.D.) κακῆς παραγραφῆς, ";a false entry,"; ib. VII. 1060.7 (a Gnostic amulet—vi/A.D.) ἀπάλλαξον τὸν οἶκον τοῦτον ἀπὸ παντὸς κακοῦ ἑρπετοῦ <καὶ > πράγματος, ";free this house from every evil reptile and thing,"; and, by way of contrast, the imprecatory tablet Michel 1322 Α Ἀνδροκλείδη καταδῶ καὶ τὴν γλῶτ (τ)αν τὴν κακὴν καὶ τὸν θυμὸν τὸν κακὸν καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν τὴν κακὴν καὶ τὸ ἐργαστήριον καταδῶ καὶ τοὺς παῖδας. For the neut. τὸ κακόν cf. P Amh II. 77.31 (A.D. 139) Ἁρπα [γάθην τὸ ]ν ̣ κ ̣ρ ̣α ̣τ ̣ι ̣σ ̣τον τοῦ κακοῦ καὶ προσεπίτροπο [ν, ";Harpagathes, the chief cause and prime mover in the mischief"; (Edd.). The word in its wide sense of ";trouble some,"; ";distressing,"; to mind or body, is seen in P Oxy IX. 1215.6 (ii/iii A.D.) μὴ ἀπέλθῃς εἰς τὸ Σατύρου, αἰπεὶ (l. ἐπεὶ) γὰρ ἀκούομεν ὅτι κακὰ μέλλι πράσι (l. πράσσειν), ";do not go to the house of Satyrus, for we hear that he is going to get into trouble"; (Edd.), and P Lond 653.12 (early iv/A.D.) (= III. p. 241) ἐν κακοῖς εἰμι. For the collocation κακὸς κακῶς see s.v. κακῶς.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
