the Week of Proper 20 / Ordinary 25
Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4190 - πονηρός
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- full of labours, annoyances, hardships
- pressed and harassed by labours
- bringing toils, annoyances, perils; of a time full of peril to Christian faith and steadfastness; causing pain and trouble
- bad, of a bad nature or condition
- in a physical sense: diseased or blind
- in an ethical sense: evil wicked, bad
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
πονηρός, ά, όν,
in physical sense, oppressed by toils, πονηρότατος καὶ ἄριστος, of Heracles, Hes. Frr. 138,139.
2. of things, toilsome, painful, grievous, ἔργα Hom. Epigr. 14.20; νούσων πονηρότερον Thgn. 274; φορτίον Ar. Pl. 352 .
II in bad case, in sorry plight, useless, good-for-nothing, σύμμαχοι ib. 220, cf. Nu. 102; στράτευμα X. An. 3.4.34; ἰατρός Antipho 4.2.4 (v.l. for μοχθηρός ) ; κύων, ἱππάριον, Pl. Euthd. 298d, X. Cyr. 1.4.19; δίαιτα, τροφή, σιτία, injurious, Pl. R. 425e, Lg. 735b, Grg. 464d, etc.; π. ἕξις σώματος Id. Ti. 86e; π. σῶμα, opp. χρηστόν, Id. Prt. 313a, cf. R. 341e; π. σκώμματα sorry jests, Ar. Nu. 542; π. βούλευμα Id. Lys. 517 ( Comp. ); π. πράγματα a bad state of things, Th. 8.97, cf. 24; π. ἀρχὴ τῆς παιδείας a bad beginning, Aeschin. 1.11; π. τὴν ϝαυτιλίαν ναυτίλλεσθαι Pl. R. 551c; π. πολιτεία Arist. Pol. 1294b38 . Adv., -ρῶς ἔχειν to be in bad case, Th. 7.83, etc.; ἂ πονηρῶς ἔχει τῶν πραγμάτων Lys. 14.35; π. διακεῖσθαι, διατεθῆναι, Isoc. 19.12, D. 59.55 .
III in moral sense, worthless, knavish, φήμη, βίος, ζόη, A. Ch. 1045, Frr. 90,401, etc.; οὐδεὶς ἑκὼν π. Epich. 78; π. ἦθος Democr. 192; πονηρὸς . . κἀκ πονηρῶν rogue and son of rogues, Ar. Eq. 336 - 7; ὦ πόνῳ πονηρέ in a comic jingle, Id. V. 466, cf. Lys. 350; π. πόρρω τέχνης past master in knavery, Id. V. 192; π. τοῖς φίλοις X. Cyr. 8.4.33; πρὸς ἀλλήλους Id. An. 7.1.39; π. λόγων ἀκρίβεια Antipho 3.3.3; πονηρότεροι σύμβουλοι Id. 5.71; π. [ῥῆμα ] malicious, Ev.Matthew 5:11; τὰ π. wickednesses, X. Cyr. 2.2.25; πονηρὰ δρᾶσαι E. Hec. 1190; τὸ π. LXX De. 17.2; δόλῳ πονηρῷ, Lat. dolo malo, SIG 693.6 (Methymna, ii B.C. ); ὁ π. the evil one, Ev.Matthew 13:19; π. δαίμων PLips. 34.8 (iv A.D.), etc.
2. base, cowardly, S. Ph. 437, etc.; π. χρώματα, i.e. the coward's hue, X. Cyr. 5.2.34 (interpol.).
3. with a political connotation, of the baser sort, E. Supp. 424; οἱ λεγόμενοι π. Pl. R. 519a; opp. καλοὶ κἀγαθοί, Isoc. 15.100,316, cf. Ar. Eq. 186 . — On the variation of accent, πονηρός and πόνηρος, v. μοχθηρός fin.
πονηρός (on the accent cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 3 Göttling, Lehre v., Accent, p. 304f; (Chandler §§ 404, 405); Lipsius, Grammat. Untersuch., p. 26), πονηρά, πονηρόν; comparitive πονηρότερος (Matthew 12:45; Luke 11:26); (πονέω, πόνος); from Hesiod (Homer (ep. 15, 20), Theog.) down; the Sept. often for רַע ;
1. full of labors, annoyances, hardships;
a. pressed and harassed by labors; thus Hercules is called πονηροτατος καί ἄριστος, Hesiod fragment 43, 5.
b. bringing toils, annoyances, perils: (καιρός, Sir. 51:12); ἡμέρα πονηρά, of a time full of peril to Christian faith and steadfastness, Ephesians 5:16; Ephesians 6:13 (so in the plural ἡμέραι πονηραί the Epistle of Barnabas 2, 1 [ET]); causing pain and trouble (A. V. grievous), ἕλκος, Revelation 16:2.
2. bad, of a bad nature or condition;
a. in a physical sense: ὀφθαλμός, diseased or blind, Matthew 6:23; Luke 11:34 (πονηρία ὀφθαλμῶν, Plato, Hipp., min., p. 374 d.; the Greeks use πονηρῶς ἔχειν or διακεῖσθαι of the sick; ἐκ γενετῆς πονηρούς ὑγιεῖς πεποιηκέναι, Justin Martyr, Apology 1, 22 ((cf. Otto's note); others take πονηρός in Matthew and Luke as above ethically; cf.
b. and Meyer on Matt.)); καρπός, Matthew 7:17f.
b. in an ethical sense, evil, wicked, bad, etc. ("this use of the word is due to its association with the working (largely the servile) class; not that contempt for labor is thereby expressed, for such words as ἐργάτης, δραστηρ, and the like, do not take on this evil sense, which connected itself only with a word expressive of unintermitted toil and carrying no suggestion of results" (cf. Schmidt, chapter 85, § 1); see κακία, at the end); of persons: Matthew 7:11; Matthew 12:34; Matthew 18:32; Matthew 25:26; Luke 6:45; Luke 11:13; Luke 19:22; Acts 17:5; 2 Thessalonians 3:2; 2 Timothy 3:13; γενεά πονηρά, Matthew 12:39, 45; Matthew 16:4; Luke 11:29; πνεῦμα πονηρόν, an evil spirit (see πνεῦμα, 3 c.), Matthew 12:45; Luke 7:21; Luke 8:2; Luke 11:26; Acts 19:12f, 15f; substantively οἱ πονηροί, the wicked, bad men, opposed to οἱ δίκαιοι, Matthew 13:49; πονηροί καί ἀγαθοί, Matthew 5:45; Matthew 22:10; ἀχάριστοι καί πονηροί, Luke 6:35; τόν πονηρόν, the wicked man, i. e. the evil-doer spoken of, 1 Corinthians 5:13; τῷ πονηρῷ, the evil man, who injures you, Matthew 5:39. ὁ πονηρός is used pre-eminently of the devil, the evil one: Matthew 5:37; Matthew 6:13; Matthew 13:19, 38; Luke 11:4 R L; John 17:15; 1 John 2:13; 1 John 3:12; 1 John 5:18f (on which see κεῖμαι, 2{c}); Ephesians 6:16. of things: αἰών, Galatians 1:4; ὄνομα (which see 1, p. 447a bottom), Luke 6:22; ῤᾳδιούργημα, Acts 18:14; the heart as a storehouse out of which a man brings forth πονηρά words is called θησαυρός πονηρός, Matthew 12:35; Luke 6:45; συνείδησις πονηρά, a soul conscious of wickedness (conscious wickedness; see συνείδησις, b. sub at the end), Hebrews 10:22; καρδία πονηρά ἀπιστίας, an evil heart such as is revealed in distrusting (cf. Buttmann, § 132, 24; Winer's Grammar, § 30, 4), Hebrews 3:12; ὀφθαλμός (which see), Matthew 20:15; Mark 7:22; διαλογισμοί, Matthew 15:19; James 2:4; ὑπόνοιαι, 1 Timothy 6:4; καύχησις; James 4:16; ῤῆμα, a reproach, Matthew 5:11 (R G; others omit ῤῆμα); λόγοι, 3 John 1:10; ἔργα, John 3:19; John 7:7; 1 John 3:12; 2 John 1:11; Colossians 1:21; ἔργον (according to the context) wrong committed against me, 2 Timothy 4:18; αἰτία, charge of crime, Acts 25:18 L T Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading The neuter πονηρόν, and τό πονηρόν, substantively, evil, that which is wicked: εἶδος πονηροῦ (see εἶδος, 2; (others take πονηροῦ here as an adjective, and bring the example under εἶδος, 1 (R. V. marginal reading appearance of evil))), 1 Thessalonians 5:22; 2 Thessalonians 3:3 (where τοῦ πονηροῦ is held by many to be the genitive of the masculine ὁ πονηρός, but cf. Lünemann ad loc.); (τί πονηρόν, Acts 28:21); opposed to τό ἀγαθόν, Luke 6:45; Romans 12:9; plural (Winer's Grammar, § 34, 2), Matthew 9:4; Luke 3:19; wicked deeds, Acts 25:18 Tr text WH text; ταῦτα τά πονηρά, these evil things i. e. the vices just enumerated, Mark 7:23.
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πονηρός , -ά , -όν
(< πονέω , to toil),
[in LXX chiefly for H7451;]
1. (a) of persons, oppressed by toils (Hes.);
(b) of things, toilsome, painful (καιρός , Sirach 51:12): Ephesians 5:16; Ephesians 6:13 Revelation 16:2.
2. bad, worthless;
(a) in physical sense: καρπός , Matthew 7:17-18;
(b) in ethical sense, bad, evil, wicked;
(α ) of persons: Matthew 7:11; Matthew 12:34-35; Matthew 18:32; Matthew 25:26, Luke 6:45; Luke 11:13; Luke 19:22, Acts 17:5, 2 Thessalonians 3:2, 2 Timothy 3:13; γενεά , Matthew 12:39; Matthew 12:45; Matthew 16:4, Luke 11:29; πνεῦμια , Matthew 12:45, Luke 7:21; Luke 8:2; Luke 11:26, Acts 19:12-13; Acts 19:15-16; as subst., οἱ Papyri, opp. to δίκαιοι , Matthew 13:49; to ἀγαθοί , Matthew 5:45; Matthew 22:10; οἱ ἀχάριστοι καὶ Papyri, Luke 6:35; sing., ὁ Papyri, Matthew 5:39, 1 Corinthians 5:13; id. esp. of Satan, the evil one, Matthew 5:37; Matthew 6:13 (v. Lft., Notes, 125 ff.; but cf. McN, in l) Matthew 13:19; Matthew 13:38, Luke 11:4 (WH, R, om.), John 17:15, Ephesians 6:16, 2 Thessalonians 3:3 (Lft., Notes, l.c.), 1 John 2:13-14; 1 John 3:12; 1 John 5:18-19;
(β ) of thing;: Matthew 5:11; Matthew 12:35; Matthew 15:19, Luke 6:22; Luke 6:45, John 3:19; John 7:7, Acts 18:14; Acts 25:18, Galatians 1:4, Colossians 1:21, 1 Timothy 6:4, 2 Timothy 4:18, Hebrews 3:12; Hebrews 10:22, James 2:4; James 4:16, 1 John 3:12, 2 John 1:11, 3 John 1:10; ὀφθαλμός (q.v.), Matthew 6:23; Matthew 20:15, Mark 7:22, Luke 11:34; as subst., neut., τὸ Papyri, Acts 28:21, 1 Thessalonians 5:22; opp. to ἀγαθόν , Luke 6:45, Romans 12:9; pl., Matthew 9:4, Mark 7:23, Luke 3:19.†
SYN.: see ἄθεσμος G113.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
";eagerly"; : PSI VI. 621.7 (iii/B.C.) πᾶν γὰρ τὸ δυνατὸν καὶ προθύμως καὶ ἀόκνως ποιήσομεν P Hib I. 82.17 (B.C. 239–8) καλῶς οὖν [π ]οιήσεις συναν [τι ]λ [α ]μβανόμενος προθύμως περὶ τῶν εἰς ταῦτα συγκυρόντων, ";please therefore to give your zealous co-operation in all that concerns this"; (Edd.), and P Flor II. 157.10 (iii/A.D.) ἵνα ὑπηρετούμενοι π ̣ροθύμως ἡμῖν ἐργαζῶνται.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
Old / New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary developed by Jeff Garrison for StudyLight.org.
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