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Bible Lexicons
Old Testament Hebrew Lexical Dictionary
Strong's #3722 - כָּפַר
- Brown-Driver-Briggs
- Strong
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2283) rpk (כפר KPR) AC: Cover CO: Lid AB: Atonement: A protective covering to go over something or the covering of a debt or wrong. [from: ph] (eng: cover - with the exchange of the v and p)
V) rpk (כפר KPR) - Cover: KJV (102): (vf: Paal, Hitpael, Pual, Piel) atonement, purge, reconcile, forgive, purge, pacify, mercy, cleanse, disannul, appease, put, pardon, pitch - Strongs: H3722 (כָּפַר)
bm) ripk (כפיר KPYR) - I. Village:A village is a community outside of the city walls and covered with protection from the city. II. Young lion:[Unknown connection to root;] KJV (32): lion, village, young - Strongs: H3715 (כְּפִיר)
cm) rfpk (כפור KPWR) - I. Bason:A vessel with a lid cover. II. Frost:As covering the ground. KJV (9): bason, hoarfrost - Strongs: H3713 (כְּפוֹר)
cf2) trfpk (כפורת KPWRT) - Lid: As a covering. KJV (27): mercy seat - Strongs: H3727 (כַּפֹּרֶת)
gm) rpfk (כופר KWPR) - I. Covering:A covering such as pitch or a monetary covering such as a bribe or ransom. II. Village:A village is a community outside of the city walls and covered with protection from the city. KJV (19): ransom, satisfaction, bribe, camphire, pitch, village - Strongs: H3723 (כָּפָר), H3724 (כֹּפֶר)
edm) rfpik (כיפור KYPWR) - Atonement: A covering over of transgression. KJV (8): atonement - Strongs: H3725 (כִּפֻּרִים)
Jeff Benner, Ancient Hebrew Research Center Used by permission of the author.
כָּפַר prop. to cover, to cover over, whence כְּפוֹר and כַּפֹּרֶת a covering. Arabic كَفَرَ fut. I. and غَفَرَ to cover. Specially
(2) to cover over, to overspread with anything, as with pitch, to pitch, Genesis 6:14 compare כֹּפֶר No. 2, and Pu.
(3) covered with hair, to be hairy, shaggy, see כְּפִיר.
(4) to cover sins, i.e. to pardon; compare כֹּפֶר No. 4, and כִּפֶּר. Arab. كفر II. to expiate a crime, كفر to pardon.
Piel כִּפֶּר fut. יְכַפֵּר
(1) to cover, i.e. to pardon sin (comp. כִּסָּה); followed by acc. Psalms 65:4, 78:38 followed by עַל (like other verbs of covering), Jeremiah 18:23; Psalms 79:9 followed by לְ Deuteronomy 21:8 also followed by לְ Ezekiel 16:63, and בְּעַד of pers. (compare הֵגֵן בְּעַד Psalms 3:4). 2 Chronicles 30:18.
(2) causat. to obtain forgiveness.
(a) to expiate an offence, followed by an acc. Daniel 9:24; Ezekiel 45:20 followed by עַל Lev. 5:26 followed by בְּעַד (for) Exodus 32:30 followed by מִן Levit. 4:26 Numbers 6:11.
(b) to make expiation for an offender, to free him from charge; followed by עַל of pers., Exodus 30:10; Leviticus 4:20 followed by בְּעַד Leviticus 16:6, 11 Leviticus 16:11, 24 Leviticus 16:24; Ezekiel 45:17 followed by בְּ Levit. 17:11 to inanimate things which were accounted to be defiled; followed by an acc., Leviticus 16:33 followed by עַל Leviticus 16:18. Examples of full construction are, Leviticus 5:18, וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו הַכֹּהֵן עַל שִׁגְגָתוֹ “and the priest shall make atonement for him, on account of his sins;” and, 4:26, וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו הַבֹּהֵן מֵחַטָּאתוֹ “and the priest shall make atonement for him from his sin.”
(c) to appease any one who has been injured, or is angry; with an acc. of pers., Genesis 32:21; Proverbs 16:14 also to appease an impending calamity, i.e. to remove it by expiation, Isaiah 47:11. The sacrifice by which the expiation is made, is put with בְּ prefixed, 2 Samuel 21:3; Numbers 5:8.
Pual.
(1) to be covered, i.e. obliterated; prop. used of letters which were covered and deleted by drawing the style over them; Isaiah 28:18, יְכֻפַּר בְּרִיתְכֶם “your covenant shall be obliterated,” i.e. abolished; a phrase derived from written agreements. (Aram. ܟܦܰܪ, כַּפֵּר to smear over, to abolish.)
(2) Pass. of Piel 2, a, to be expiated; of sin, Isaiah 6:7, 22:14 27:9.
(3) Pass. of Piel 2, b, to be freed from charge, (of a guilty person), to receive pardon, Exodus 29:33; Numbers 35:33.
Hithpael, fut. יִתְכַּפֵּר 1 Samuel 3:14, and
Nithpael, נִכַּפֵּר Deuteronomy 21:8, to be expiated, of sin.
The derived nouns immediately follow, except כְּפוֹר, כְּפִיר, and pr.n. כְּפִירָה.
the Week of Proper 8 / Ordinary 13