Bible Lexicons

βλέπω ,

[in LXX chiefly for H7200, also for H6437, etc.;]

1. of bodily sight;

(a) to see, have sight (opp. to τυφλὸς εἶναι ): Matthew 12:22, John 9:7, Acts 9:9, Romans 11:8, Revelation 3:18, al.;

(b) to perceive, look (at), see: absol., Acts 1:9; c. acc, Matthew 7:3, Mark 5:31, Luke 6:41, John 1:29, al.; ἅραμα , Acts 12:9; γυναῖκα , Matthew 5:28; βιβλίον , Revelation 5:3-4; τ . βλεπόμενα , 2 Corinthians 4:18.

2. Metaph., of mental vision;

(a) to see, perceive, discern: absol., Matthew 13:13, Luke 8:10; δι᾽ ἐσόπτρου , 1 Corinthians 13:12; c. acc, Hebrews 2:9; Hebrews 10:25; seq. ὅτι , Hebrews 3:19, James 2:22;

(b) to consider, look to, take heed: absol., Mark 13:23; Mark 13:33; c. acc, 1 Corinthians 1:26, al.; seq. πῶς , c. indic., Luke 8:18, 1 Corinthians 3:10, Ephesians 5:15; seq. τί , c. indic., Mark 4:24; seq. εἰς -πρόσωπον , of partiality, Matthew 22:16, Mark 12:14. Colloq. (for ex. from Papyri, v. Deiss., LAE, 122; M, Pr., 107; MM, Exp., x; Milligan, NTD, 50), β . ἑαυτόν : Mark 13:9; seq. ἵνα μή , 2 John 1:8; β . ἀπό , Mark 8:15; Mark 12:38; seq. μή (cl. ὁρᾶν μή ), c. fut. indic., Colossians 2:8, Hebrews 3:12; id. c. aor. subj., Matthew 24:4, Mark 13:5.

3. Of situation and direction (Lat. specto), to look, face (towards), places, etc. (seq. πρός , Xen, Hell., vii, 1, 17; Ezekiel 40:23-24): seq. κατά , c. acc, Acts 27:12 (cf. ἀνα -, ἀπο -, δια -, ἐμ -, ἐπι -, περ -, προ -βλέπω ), v. DCG, i, 446; ii, 596.

The papyri have added a perfect to the paradigm of this verb : it proves to have been βέβλοφα (P Lond 42.21—B.C. 168) (= Witkowski.2, p. 63) (see under ἐμβλέπω ). It is hard to believe that a form so correct historically, and so distant from any obvious analogy, can be anything but a genuine survival, even if it does meet us only in a woman’s letter from Ptolemaic Egypt. If this inference is justifiable, the word has a moral for the argument from silence. Βλέπω has primarily the physical sense, as distinguished from ὁρῶ (cf. our cognate ware) : this is well seen in ἀναβλέπω = recover sight. Usage bears this out. Thus P Par 44.6 (B.C. 153) (= Witkowski.2, p. 83) has βλέπω Μενέδημον κατατρέχοντά με coming after ἐγὼ γὰρ ἐνύπνια ὁρῶ πονηρά . So in P Hal I. 8.4 (B.C. 232) a man is incapacitated—διὰ τὸ μὴ βλέπειν τὰς νύκτας , and in P Oxy I. 39.9 (A.D. 52) ὀλίγον βλέπων = ";shortsighted."; An interesting instance of the word is afforded by P Giss I. 17.10 (time of Hadrian) where a slave writes to her master ἀποθνήσκομεν ὅτι οὐ βλέπομέν σε καθ᾽ ἡμέραν (cf. 1 Corinthians 15:31). Closely parallel with phraseology in Gospel healings of the blind is one of the cases from the Asclepieum, Syll 802.77 (Epidaurus, (iii/B.C.) : the blind man sleeping in the temple saw a vision (ὄψις ) of the god opening his eyelids and pouring in a φάρμακον —when day broke β (λ )έπων ἀμφοῖν ἐξῆλθε . P Oxy. II. 298.33 (i/A.D.) ὁ Ἀνουβᾶς αὐ [τὸ ]ν οὐχ ἡδέως [β ]λέπει , ";A. looks upon him with no friendly eye,"; may serve as a transition to the more metaphorical use of βλέπω , as in P Oxy II. 259.32 (A.D. 23) βλέπε με πῶς με ἡ μήτηρ ἡ ̣μ ̣ῶ ̣ν ̣ [ἔ ]σ ̣φαξε χάριν τοῦ χειρογράφου , P Lond 964.9 (ii/iii A.D.) (= III. p. 212) βλέπε μὴ ἐπιλάθῃ οὐδέν , and P Oxy IX. 1220.22 (iii/A.D.) οὐδὲν βλέπω φαύλου παρ᾽ ἐμοί , ";I see nothing bad in my behaviour"; (Ed.). The meaning ";beware,"; implied in some of these passages, is extended to a personal reflexive object in BGU IV. 1079.24 (A.D. 41) (= Selections, p. 40) is ὡς ἂν πάντες καὶ σὺ βλέπε σατὸν ἀπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων , ";like everybody else, you too must beware of the Jews,"; which is a rather neat confutation of those who would detect ";Hebraism"; in Mark 8:15 and the like. For the geographical sense, the ";aspect"; of a building, etc. (as Acts 27:12), cf P Leid Wi. 6 (ii/iii A.D.), ἔστω δὲ ἡ θύρα πρὸς δυσμὰς βλέπουσα , PSI III. 175.14 (A.D. 462) συμπόσιον βλέπον ἐπὶ ν ̣ότον , etc. Finally, for β . virtually = εὑρίσκω a in Romans 7:23 (cf. v. 21), see P Fay 111.16 (A.D. 95–6) ὡς ἐὰν βλέπῃς [τ ]ὴν τιμὴν παντὸς ἀγόρασον , ";however you find the price, be sure to buy"; (Edd.).

 

 

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