the Week of Christ the King / Proper 29 / Ordinary 34
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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4762 - στρέφω
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- to turn, turn around
- to turn one's self (i.e. to turn the back to one
- of one who no longer cares for another)
- metaph. to turn one's self from one's course of conduct, i.e. to change one's mind
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this Strong's Number
στρέφω, Il. 23.323, etc.; Dor. στράφω [ᾰ] IG 12(3).92.6 (Nisyrus, dub.); Aeol. στροφῶ (leg. στρόφω ) EM 728.44: Ep. impf. στρέψασκον Il. 18.546: fut. στρέψω E. Med. 1152, etc.: aor. 1 ἔστρεψα Id. Tr. 1243, etc., Ep. στρέψα Od. 4.520: pf. ἔστροφα ( ἀν- ) Cerc. 17.30, ( ἀντ-, v.l. ἀν- ) Theognet. 1.8, ( ἐπ- ) Plb. 5.110.6, ( μετ- ) Aristid. 1.435 J.; also ἔστρᾰφα ( κατ- ) Plb. 23.11.2 codd.: — Med., Il. 18.488, etc.: fut. στρέψομαι 6.516, etc.: aor. ἐστρεψάμην S. OC 1416, ( κατ- ) Th. 1.94, etc.: pf. Pass. (in med. sense) ἔστραμμαι ( κατ- ) Isoc. 5.21: — Pass., fut. στρᾰφήσομαι LXX 1 Kings 10:6, ( ἀνα- ) Isoc. 5.64, ( δια- ) Ar. Eq. 175, Av. 177, ( μετα- ) Pl. R. 518d; fut. Med. (in pass. sense) στρέψομαι ( ἀπο- ) X. Cyr. 5.5.36: aor.1 ἐστρέφθην freq. in Hom., Il. 5.40, al., rare in Att., Ar. Th. 1128, Pl. Plt. 273e; Dor. ἐστράφθην Sophr. 88, Theoc. 7.132, also v.l. (for κατεστράφησαν ) in Hdt. 1.130 (but στραφῆναι Id. 3.129 ): aor. 2 ἐστράφην [ᾰ ] Sol. 37.6, always in Trag., S. Ant. 315, etc., freq. in Att., Ar. Ach. 537 ( μετα- ), Th. 5.97 ( κατα- ), Pl. Ti. 77b: pf. ἔστραμμαι h.Merc. 411, Hp. Aër. 5, X. An. 4.7.15, etc.; ἔστρεμμαι Eudox. Ars 12.10 (Pap.), cf. ἀποστρέφω, καταστρέφω: —
turn about or aside, ἂψ δὲ θεοὶ οὖρον στρέψαν Od. 4.520; ἵππους ς . turn horses, Il. 8.168, Od. 15.205, etc.; ς. πηδάλιον Pi. Fr. 40; τὸν οἴακα Anaxandr. 4.5, cf. Men. 482.4; σάκος S. Aj. 575; of persons, ἡλίου πρὸς ἀντολὰς στρέψασα σαυτήν A. Pr. 708; πρόσωπον πρὸς κασίγνητον στρέφε E. Ph. 457, cf. Hec. 344; πάλιν στρέψεις κάρα Id. Med. 1152; ὄμμα πανταχῇ στρέφων Id. IT 68; ς. ἀνταυγεῖς κόρας Ar. Th. 902; σεαυτὸν εἰς πονηρὰ πράγματα Id. Nu. 1455; πόλιν πρὸς κέρδος ἴδιον E. Supp. 413; στρατὸν πρὸς ἀλκήν Id. Andr. 1149; wheel soldiers round, X. Lac. 11.9; v. infr. D.
2. cause to rotate as on an axis, κεραμικὴν γαῖαν ς ., i.e. on the potter's wheel, Sannyr. 4; τὸν ἄτρακτον Hdt. 5.12; τὸν κόσμον μήτε αὐτὸν στρέφειν ἑαυτόν, μήτε . . ὑπὸ θεοῦ στρέφεσθαι διττὰς περιαγωγάς Pl. Plt. 269e, cf. Epin. 977b .
II πάντ' ἄνω τε καὶ κάτω ς . turn upside down, A. Eu. 651; κάτω ς . S. Ant. 717, Ar. Ec. 733; ς. λόγους ἄνω καὶ κάτω Pl. Grg. 511a, cf. Euthd. 276d; ἄνω κάτω τοὺς νόμους ς . D. 21.91; so δίκα καὶ πάντα πάλιν στρέφεται E. Med. 411 (lyr.); στρέφειν alone, overturn, upset, Id. IT 1166, Fr. 536 (troch.); γῆν ς . turn it over by digging or ploughing, X. Oec. 16.15: c. acc. cogn., πάσας ς. στροφάς Pl. Ti. 43e; γράμματα πανταχῇ ς . Id. Cra. 414c: c. inf., change a thing so as to . ., εὔκλειαν ἔχειν βιοτὰν στρέψουσι φᾶμαι E. Med. 416 (lyr.). III ς. σφυρόν sprain or dislocate it, Epict. Ench. 29.2, Arr. Epict. 3.15.4 (so στραφῆναι τὸν πόδα Hdt. 3.129, cf. Pl. Lg. 789e ).
2. metaph. of pain, twist, torture, κακὸν στρέφει με περὶ τὴν γαστέρα Antiph. 177, cf. Ar. Pl. 1131, Fr. 462, Ael. NA 2.44 ( Pass. ), Gal. 19.141; βρέμει ἡ κοιλίη καὶ στρέφει καὶ βορβορύζει Hp. Int. 6: so ς. τὴν ψυχήν torment, Pl. R. 330e .
3. of corruptions in Music, κάμπτων καὶ στρέφων Pherecr. 145.15 .
twist, plait, σπάρτα ἐστραμμένα X. An. 4.7.15; ἐμβολάδην ἐστραμμέναι ἀλλήλῃσι h.Merc. 411; spin, ὑπὸ μακρῷ λίνῳ στρεφομένη Luc. JConf. 7, cf. 1; ἔστρεψεν Μοιρῶν μία νήματα IG 14.607i ( Caralis ); κρόκην ς . Luc. Fug. 12: metaph., μεγάλας ς. περιόδους Plu. 2.235e . t.t. of wrestlers, twist the adversary back, Poll. 3.155: metaph., ἔριδα ς . Pi. N. 4.93 . metaph., turn a thing over in one's mind, τί στρέφω τάδε; E. Hec. 750; πρὸς ἀλλήλους Luc. Alex. 8; βουλὴν ἐν ἑαυτῷ Ael. NA 10.48; τὸ πρᾶγμα πανταχῇ στρέφων ἀγαγεῖν ἐπ' ἐμέ D. 21.116 . return, give back, ἀργύριά τισι Ev.Matthew 27:3 . convert, τὴν πέτραν εἰς λίμνας ὑδάτων LXX Psalms 113:1-9(114).8, cf. 29(30).12, Exodus 4:17; στραφήσῃ εἰς ἄνδρα ἄλλον ib. 1 Kings 10:6; transmute metals, Zos.Alch. p.195 B. f.l. for τρέπω in Lys. 32.20 . Pass. and Med., twist or turn oneself, στρεφθείς having turned face upward, Od. 9.435; turn round or about, turn to and fro, Il. 5.40, 575, etc.; ἔν τε κύνεσσι κάπριος ἠὲ λέων στρέφεται 12.42; ἐστρέφετ' ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα, of one tossing in bed, 24.5; τί δυσκολαίνεις καὶ στρέφει τὴν νύχθ' ὅλην; Ar. Numbers 36:1-13, cf. Amphis 20.4; of patients, Gal. 7.664.
2. turn to or from an object, ἔμελλε στρέψεσθ' ἐκ χώρης Il. 6.516, cf. Od. 16.352; στρεφθεὶς μετόπισθεν turning back, Il. 15.645; return, S. OC 1648, Ant. 315, etc.; στραφέντες ἔφευγον X. Cyr. 3.3.63, An. 3.5.1; ποῖ στρέφει; whither away? Ar. Th. 230, 610 .
3. of the heavenly bodies, revolve, circle, Od. 5.274, Pl. Ti. 40b; of the distaff, Id. R. 617a; of a joint, ἐν ἄρθροις ς. κοτυληδών Ar. V. 1495 .
II turn or twist about, like a wrestler trying to elude his adversary: hence, in argument, twist and turn, shuffle, τί ταῦτα στρέφει; Id. Ach. 385; τί δῆτα ἔχων στρέφει; Pl. Phdr. 236e, etc.; πάσας στροφὰς στρέφεσθαι twist every way, Id. R. 405c, cf. Euthd. 302b .
2. turn and change, κἂν σοῦ στραφείη θυμός S. Tr. 1134; στρεφόμενα λέγων things that tell both ways, D.H. Rh. 8.15: c. gen. causae, τοῦ δὲ σοῦ ψόφου οὐκ ἂν στραφείην I would not turn for any noise of thine, S. Aj. 1117 .
III to be always engaged in or about, ἐν τούτοις στρέφεται καὶ ἑλίττεται ἡ δόξα Pl. Tht. 194b; περὶ τὸ αὐτὸ γένος στρέφεται ἡ σοφιστική Arist. Metaph. 1004b22, cf. Phld. Rh. 2p.124S.
2. generally, to be at large, go about, ἀνειμένη στρέφει S. El. 516; ἐν κυσὶν . . ἐστράφην λύκος Sol. 37.6; στρέφεσθαι περὶ τὰ δικαστήρια Phld. Rh. 2.139 S.; of things, to be rife, ταῦτα μὲν ἐν δήμῳ στρέφεται κακά Sol. 4.23 .
3. of places, τόποι ἐπὶ . . τὰς ἄρκτους ἐστραμμένοι turned, lying towards . ., Plb. 2.15.8, etc. in strict med. sense, turn about with oneself, take back, στράτευμ' ἐς Ἄργος S. OC 1416 . intr. in Act., like Pass., turn about, Il. 18.544, 546, where, however, ζεύγεα may be supplied from 543, as may ὄϊς in Od. 10.528, and ἵππους in X. Eq. 7.18; of soldiers, wheel about, Id. An. 4.3.26 and 32; στρέψαντες ἀπεχώρουν Id. Ages. 2.3; ποῖ στροφαὶ . . μανιῶν στρέφουσι; S. Ichn. 224; τὸν στρέφοντα κύκλον ἡλίου revolving, Id. Fr. 738, cf. E. Ion 1154; στρέψαι δεῦρ ', of the Comic Chorus, Pl.Com. 92; στρέψον τι, δούλη withdraw a little, Herod. 1.8; ἔστρεψεν ὁ θεός Acts 7:42 .
στρέφω: 1 aorist ἐστρεψα; passive, present στρέφομαι; 2 aorist ἐστράφην; from Homer down; the Sept. for הָפַך, also for שָׂבַב, etc.; to turn, turn round: τί τίνι, to turn a thing to one, Matthew 5:39, and T Tr WH in Matthew 27:3 (for ἀποστρέφω, to bring back; see ἀποστρέφω, 2); reflexively (Winers Grammar, § 38, 1; Buttmann, § 130, 4), to turn oneself (i. e. to turn the back to one; used of one who no longer cares for another), Acts 7:42 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 469 (437)); τί εἰς τί, equivalent to μεταστρέφω, to turn one thing into another, Revelation 11:6. Passive reflexively, to turn oneself: στραφείς followed by a finite verb, having turned etc., Matthew 7:6; (
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στρέφω ,
[in LXX chiefly for H2015, also for H5437, etc.;]
to turn: c. acc rei dat. pers., Matthew 5:39; = ἀποσ -, to bring back, Matthew 27:3 (cf. Isaiah 38:8); reflexively (WM, § 38, 1), to turn oneself, Acts 7:42; c. acc seq. εἰς , = μετασ -, to change, Revelation 11:6. Pass., reflexive, to turn oneself: seq. εἰς , John 20:14, Acts 7:39; Acts 13:46; ptcp., στραφείς , c. indic., Matthew 7:6; Matthew 9:22; Matthew 16:23, Luke 7:9; Luke 9:55; Luke 14:25; Luke 22:61, John 1:38; John 20:16; id. seq. πρός , Luke 7:44; Luke 10:22 (WH, R, om.), Luke 7:23; Luke 23:28; metaph., to change: absol., Matthew 18:3, John 12:40 (cf. ἀνα -, ἀπο -, δια -, ἐκ , ἐπι -, κατα -, μετα -, συ (ν )-, ὑπο -στρέφω ).†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
This ";aristocrat"; among the prepositions as compared with ἐν the ";maid of all work"; is comparatively rare in the NT, having given place, as it did in Attic Greek, to μετά c. gen. (cf. Blass Gr. p. 132).
(1) For its general meaning ";with,"; either ";along with"; or ";in addition to,"; we may note—P Tebt I. 43.8 (B.C. 118) παρεγενήθημεν εἰς ἀπάντησιν σὺν τῶι τῆς κώμης κωμάρχωι [καί ] τινων τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τῶν [γ ]εωργῶν, ";we came to meet him together with the komarch of the village and some of the elders of the cultivators"; (Edd.), ib. 13.4 (B.C. 114) ἐφοδεύοντός μου σὺν Ὥρωι κω (μάρχηι) καὶ Πατάνι. . . [[τὰ ἐν ]] περὶ τὴν κώμην χωματικὰ ἔργα, ";as I was inspecting, in company with Horus the komarch and Patanis, the embankment works near the village"; (Edd.), ib. 20.2 (B.C. 113) πεπόμφ <α >με [ν ] Ἀράχθην σὺν τοῖς κωμογραμματεῦσι ἐσόμενον μέχρι τοῦ με παραγενέσθαι, ";I have sent Arachthes to be with the komogrammateis until I come"; (Edd.), BGU II. 393.9 (A.D. 168) ἐνοικίου τοῦ παντὸς κατ᾽ ἔτος σὺν παντὶ λόγῳ (summa summarum) ἀργυρίου δραχμῶν εἴκοσι τεσσάρων, P Flor I. 91.18 (ii/A.D.) ὅ [πως δυνηθῶ ἐν τῇ ἰ ]δίᾳ συμμέν ̣ων σὺν γυναικὶ καὶ τέ [κνοις, ";in order that I may be able to remain in my own house along with my wife and children,"; P Lond 343.6 (A.D. 188) (= II. p. 214) ὀφίλις μοι σὺν ἑτέροις ἐπὶ λόγου δραχμὰς διακοσία ̣ς ̤, PSI III. 208.7 (iv/A.D.) τοὺς σύν σοι πάντας ἀδελφούς, and the address of the Christian letter P Oxy XIV. 1774.21 (early iv/A.D.) κυρείᾳ μου ἀδελφῇ Ἀτιεν ̣α ̣τείῃ Διδύμη σὺν ταῖς ἀ [δελφαῖς.
(2) The preposition is also further applied to those engaged in the same work or office—P Oxy II. 242.33 (A.D. 77) Ἁρθοῶνις Ἁρθοώ (νιος) καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ ἱερεῖ (ς), BGU IV. 1028.19 (ii/A.D.) Νίννῳ καὶ τοῖς σὺν αὐτῷ ἡλοκόπ (οις) (";nail-smiths";) τειμὴν ἥ [λ ]ων, ib. III. 697.6 (A.D. 140) Ἰσχυρίων Ἀφροδ (ισίου) καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ ἐπιτη (ρηταί), P Gen I. 36.10 (A.D. 170) (= Chrest. I. p. 112) παρὰ Πεκύσιος Σαταβοῦτος ἱερέως σὺν ἑτέροις ἱερεῦ [σ ]ι ἱεροῦ θεοῦ μεγίστου, and P Oxy I. 91.8 (A.D. 187) ὁμολογῶ ἀπεσχηκέναι παρὰ σοῦ διὰ Ἡλιοδώρου καὶ τῶν σὺν αὐτῷ ἐπιτηρητῶν.
(3) For the thought of the assistance or the will of God, deo volente, we may cite the recurring σὺν θεῷ or σὺν θεοῖς —P Tebt I. 58 recto.35 (B.C. 111) (= Chrest. I. p. 338 f.) ὥστ᾽ ἂν σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καταστοχήισαμεν αὐτοῦ, ";so by the grace of the gods we shall win him over(?)";, and ib. verso.58 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς σχεδὸν ἔσται ὁ διάλογος ἕως τῆς λ ̄ τοῦ Παχών, ";by the grace of the gods the audit will take place about Pachon 30"; (Edd.), P Gen I. 46.14 (A.D. 345) σ ]ὺν θεῷ ὡς ἂν δυνηθ [ῶ ] σ [οι ] . . [ἐ ]γγύας ἀποκαταστήσω, and P Amh II. 150.28 (A.D. 592) ἐκ νέων κ [αρπῶ ]ν τῆς σὺν θεῷ δωδεκάτης ἐπινεμήσεως, ";from the new crop of the, D.V., coming twelfth indiction"; (Edd.). For a Christian ex. of the phrase see the well-known letter of Psenosiris, P Grenf II. 73.16 (late iii/A.D.) (= Selections, p. 118) ὅταν ἔλθῃ σὺν Θεῷ, ";when he arrives by the help of God."; For the rival theory that this letter refers not to the banishment of a Christian woman during the great persecution, but to the transport of a mummy for burial, see Crönert, Raccolta Lumbroso, p. 515 ff.
The preposition occasionally passes into what is almost an instrumental sense, as in P Par 1217 (B.C. 157) σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καὶ τῇ σῇ τύχῃ ἐκ θανάτου σέσωμαι. See also P Tebt I. 205 (B.C. 113) χαριεῖ σὺν σοὶ αὐτὸν εἰσαγαγών, ";you will do me a favour by personally introducing him"; (Edd.) (cf. 1 Corinthians 15:10).
(4) Σύν = ";in fellowship with,"; as a technical term in magic ritual, appears in such passages as P Par 5742999 (c. A.D. 300) λαμβάνω σε σὺν ἀγαθῆ Τύχη καὶ ἀγαθῶ Δαίμονι, and the cursing leaden tablet of iii/B.C. CIA Append. (= IG III. iii.) 108 δήσω ἐγὼ κείνην. . . σύν θ᾽ Ἑκάτ (η)ι χθονίαι καὶ Ἐρινύσιν —both cited by Deissmann LAE2, pp. 255, 303.
For the NT formula σὺν Χριστῷ we must again refer to Deissmann, who in his monograph Die neutestament-liche Fortmel"; in Ckristo Jesu"; (Marburg, 1892) has shown that σὺν Χριστῷ ";nearly always means the fellowship of the faithful with Christ after their death or after His coming."; In this connexion he adduces elsewhere (see LAE2 p. 303 n.1) a striking parallel to Philippians 1:23 in a graffito from Alexandria, probably of the Imperial period, where a deceased person is addressed in the words εὔχομαι κἀγὼ ἐν τάχυ σὺν σοὶ εἷναι, ";I would that I were soon in fellowship with thee.";
(5) For σύν c. gen. cf. Ostr 240.5 (A.D. 159) σὺν Μηνοφίλου, and P Lond 113. 4.19 (A.D. 595) (= I. p. 209) σὺν μισθοῦ ὅλου.
(6) For the pleonastic καί after μετά in Philippians 4:3 (cf. Deissmann BS p. 265 f.) we can now compare σὺν καί in PAS iii. 612 (Phrygia—Imperial) σὺν καὶ τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς (cited by Hatch, JBL xxvii. (1908), p. 143).
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