the Week of Proper 20 / Ordinary 25
Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2372 - θυμός
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- passion, angry, heat, anger forthwith boiling up and soon subsiding again
- glow, ardour, the wine of passion, inflaming wine (which either drives the drinker mad or kills him with its strength)
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
θῡμός, ὁ,
soul, spirit, as the principle of life, feeling and thought, esp. of strong feeling and passion (rightly derived from θύω (B) by Pl. Cra. 419e ἀπὸ τῆς θύσεως καὶ ζέσεως τῆς ψυχῆς):
I
1. in physical sense, breath, life, θ. ἀπηύρα, ἀφελέσθαι, ἐξαίνυσθαι, ὀλέσαι, freq. in Hom., Il. 6.17, 5.852, 155, 1.205: c. dupl. acc., ἄμφω θ. ἀπηύρα 6.17; ἐπεί κε.. ῥεθέων ἐκ θ. ἕληται 22.68; λίπε δ' ὀστέα θ. 12.386; ἀπὸ δ' ἔπτατο θ. Od. 10.163; ὀλίγος δ' ἔτι θ. ἐνῆεν Il. 1.593; μόγις δ' ἐσαγείρετο θυμόν 21.417; ἄψορρόν οἱ θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀγέρθη 4.152; θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς κεκαδών 11.334; of animals, 3.294, 12.150, etc.: less freq. in Trag., A. Ag. 1388, E. Ba. 620 (troch.).
2. spirit, strength, τείρετο δ' ἀνδρῶν θ. ὑπ' εἰρεσίης Od. 10.78; ἐν δέ τε θ. τείρεθ' ὁμοῦ καμάτῳ τε καὶ ἱδρῷ Il. 17.744.
3. πάτασσε δὲ θ. ἑκάστου each man's heart beat high, 23.370, cf. 7.216.
II soul, as shown by the feelings and passions; and So
1. desire or inclination, esp. desire for meat and drink, appetite, πιέειν ὅτε θ. ἀνώγοι Il. 4.263; πλησάμενος.. θυμὸν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος Od. 17.603: generally, τά με θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει Il. 7.68; βαλέειν δέ ἑ ἵετο θ. 8.301; αἲ γάρ με μένος καὶ θ. ἀνείη 22.346; θ. ἐποτρύνῃ [τινά ] Od. 9.139; θ. ἐπέσσυταί τινι, ἐφορμᾶται, Il. 1.173, 13.73; ἤθελε θυμῷ he wished in his heart or with all his heart, 16.255, 21.65; ἵετο θυμῷ 2.589; so later θυμῷ βουλόμενοι wishing with all their heart, Hdt. 5.49; [ ὄσσα ϝ] οι θ. κε θέλῃ γένεσθαι Sapph. Supp. 1.3; θυμὸς ὥρμα Pi. O. 3.25, cf. 38; θυμὸς ἡδονὴν φέρει S. El. 286; ὧν ἐρᾷ θυμός Herod. 7.61; τῶν σφι θ. ἦν μάλιστα Hdt. 1.1; ἄλλως σφι θ. ἐγένετο θεήσασθαι τὸν πόλεμον Id. 8.116, etc.: with Verb omitted, σὲ γάρ μοι θῦμος ὔμνην Alc. 5; ἄρχ' αὐτὸς ὥς σοι θ. S. El. 1319; ὅπου ὑμῖν θ. X. Cyr. 3.1.37; βῆξαι θυμός ἐγγίνεται Hp. Prog. 8.
2. mind, temper, will, θ. πρόφρων, ἵλαος, Il. 8.39, 9.639; θ. ὑπερφίαλος καὶ ἀπηνής, νηλέα θ. ἔχοντας, σιδήρεος θ., 15.94, 19.229, Od. 5.191; ἕνα θ. ἔχειν to be of one mind, Il. 15.710, etc.; οὐδὲ λύκοι τε καὶ ἄρνες ὁμόφρονα θ. ἔχουσιν 22.263; ἕτερος δέ με θ. ἔρυκε Od. 9.302; ἐμὸν θ. ἔπειθεν ib. 33; θωπείας κολακικάς, αἳ.. τοὺς θ. ποιοῦσιν κηρίνους Pl. Lg. 633d.
3. spirit, courage, μένος καὶ θ. Il. 20.174; θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι λαβεῖν Od. 10.461; πᾶσιν δὲ παραὶ ποσὶ κάππεσε θ. Il. 15.280; ψῦχρος ἔγεντο θ., of doves, Sapph. 16; θ. ἔχειν ἀγαθόν Hdt. 1.120; θ. οὐκ ἀπώλεσεν S. El. 26; ὁ θυμὸς εὐθὺς ἦν Ἀμυνίας Ar. Eq. 570; ἴωμεν ῥώμῃ καὶ θυμῷ ἐπί.. X. Cyr. 4.2.21; φρονήματός τε καὶ θυμοῦ ἐμπίπλασθαι Pl. R. 411c: so in Philos., opp. λόγος, ἐπιθυμία, ib. 440b, al., cf. Arist. Pol. 1328a7, 1327b24, Phld. Mus. p.26K., etc.; personified, Passion, Emotion, opp. Λογισμός, Cleanth.Stoic. 1.129.
4. the seat of anger, χωόμενον κατὰ θυμόν Il. 1.429; νεμεσιζέσθω ἐνὶ θυμῷ 17.254; θυμὸν ἐχώσατο 16.616, etc.: hence, anger, wrath, δάμασον θυμόν 9.496; εἴξας ᾧ θυμῷ ib. 598; θυμὸς μέγας ἐστὶ.. βασιλήων 2.196; θ. ὀξύς S. OC 1193; θ. κρείσσων τῶν ἐμῶν βουλευμάτων E. Med. 1079, etc.; θυμῷ f.l. for θυμοῦ in S. Ant. 718; οἱ τῷ θ. πραχθέντες φόνοι Pl. Lg. 867b; opp. λογισμός, Th. 2.11, etc.; ἐπανάγειν τὸν θ. Hdt. 7.160; ἐκτείνειν And. 3.31; καταθέσθαι Ar. V. 567; δακεῖν Id. Nu. 1369; θυμῷ χρᾶσθαι Hdt. 1.137, al.; ὀργῆς καὶ θυμοῦ μεστοί Isoc. 12.81 (so τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ τὸν θ., i.e. the outward manifestation of ὀ., Phld. Ir. p.90W.); of horses, X. Eq. 9.2: pl. (not earlier than Pl., f.l. in S. Aj. 718 (lyr.)), fits of anger, passions, περὶ φόβων τε καὶ θυμῶν Pl. Phlb. 40e; οἵ τε θ. καὶ αἱ κολάσεις Id. Prt. 323e, cf. Arist. Rh. 1390a11.
5. the heart, as the seat of the emotions, esp. joy or grief, χαῖρε, γήθησε δὲ θυμῷ, Il. 14.156, 7.189; θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι γεγήθει 13.494; μιν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θ. ἵκανεν 2.171; ἄχνυτο θ. 14.39, etc.; δόκησε δ' ἄρα σφίσι θ. ὣς ἔμεν ὡς εἰ.. they felt as glad at heart as if.., Od. 10.415; μηδ' ὀνίαισι δάμνα.. θ. Sapph. 1.4; of fear, δέος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ Il. 17.625, cf. 8.138; of love, τὴν ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον 9.343; ἐκ θυμοῦ στέργοισα Theoc. 17.130; ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ my heart's beloved, Il. 5.243; reversely, ἀπὸ θ. μᾶλλον ἐμοὶ ἔσεαι wilt be alien from my heart, 1.562; ἐκ θ. πεσέειν, i.e. to lose thy favour, 23.595; ἔρωτι θυμὸν ἐκπλαγεῖσα E. Med. 8; ἐκ θ. κλαῦσαι Philet. 11.
6. mind, soul, as the seat of thought, ταῦθ' ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θ. Il. 1.193, etc.; ᾔδεε γὰρ κατὰ θ. 2.409, cf. 4.163, etc.; φράζετο θυμῷ 16.646; ἐν θ. ἐβάλοντο ἔπος 15.566; τοὺς λόγους θυμῷ βάλε A. Pr. 706; εἰς θ. βαλεῖν τι S. OT 975; οὐκ ἐς θ. φέρω I bring him not into my mind or thoughts, Id. El. 1347.
θυμός, θυμοῦ, ὁ (from θύω to rush along or on, be in a heat, breathe violently; hence, Plato correctly says, Cratyl., p. 419 e., θυμός ἀπό τῆς θυσεως καί ζεσεως τῆς ψυχῆς; accordingly it signifies both the spirit panting as it were in the body, and the rage with which the man pants and swells) (from Homer down), the Sept. often for אַף anger, and חֵמָה excandescentia; also for חָרון aestus. In the N. T.:
1. passion, angry heat (excandescentia, Cicero, Tusc. 4, 9, 21), anger forthwith boiling up and soon subsiding again (ὀργή, on the other hand, denotes indignation which has arisen gradually and become more settled; (cf. (Plato) deff. 415 e. θυμός. ὁρμή βίαιος ἄνευ λογισμοῦ. νόσος τάξεως ψυχῆς ἀλογιστου. ὀργή. παράκλησις τοῦ θυμικου εἰς τό τιμωρεῖσθαι, Gregory of Nazianzus, carm. 34 θυμός μέν ἐστιν ἀθρως ζεσις φρενος, ὀργή δέ θυμός ἐμμένων, Hermas, mand. 5, 2, 4 [ET] ἐκ δέ τῆς πικρίας θυμός, ἐκ δέ τοῦ θυμοῦ ὀργή; cf. Aristotle, rhet. 2, 2, 1 and Cope's note); hence, we read in Sir. 48:10 κοπάσαι ὀργήν πρό θυμοῦ, before it glows and bursts forth; (see further, on the distinction between the two words, Trench, § xxxvii., and especially Schmidt vol. iii., chapter 142)): Luke 4:28; Acts 19:28; Ephesians 4:31; Colossians 3:8; Hebrews 11:27; ὁ θυμοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, Revelation 14:19; Revelation 15:1, 7; Revelation 16:1; ἔχειν θυμόν, to be in a passion, Revelation 12:12 (Aelian v. h. 1, 14); ὀργή καί θυμός (as the Sept. Micah 5:15; Isocrates, p. 249 c.; Herodian, 8, 4, 1; others): Romans 2:8 (Rec. in the inverse order; so Deuteronomy 9:19; Deuteronomy 29:23, 28 (cf. Trench, as above)); plural θυμοί impulses and outbursts of anger (Winers Grammar, 176 (166); Buttmann, 77 (67)): 2 Corinthians 12:20; Galatians 5:20 (2 Macc. 4:25, 38 2Macc. 9:7 2Macc. 10:35 2Macc. 14:45; 4 Macc. 18:20; Wis. 10:3; Sophocles Aj. 718 (where see Lob.); Plato, Protag., p. 323 e.; (Phileb., p. 40 e.; Aristotle, rhet. 2, 13, 13); Polybius 3, 10, 5; Diodorus 13, 28; Josephus, b. j. 4, 5, 2; Plutarch, Cor. 1; others).
2. glow, ardor: ὁ οἶνος τοῦ θυμοῦ (see οἶνος, b.) the wine of passion, inflaming wine, German Glutwein (which either drives the drinker mad or kills him with its deadly heat; cf. Isaiah 51:17, 22; Jeremiah 32:1
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θυμός , -οῦ , ὁ
(< θύω ),
[in LXX most freq. for H639, also for H2528, H2740, etc., 30 words in all;]
passion, hot anger, wrath: Hebrews 11:27; ὀργὴ καὶ θ ., Romans 2:8, cf. Colossians 3:8; πικρία κ . θ ., Ephesians 4:31; πλησθῆναι , πλήρης θυμοῦ , Luke 4:28, Acts 19:28; θ . ἔχειν , Revelation 12:12; οἶνος τ . θυμοῦ τ . πορνείας (cf. Jeremiah 51:7), Revelation 14:8; Revelation 18:3 (cf. Revelation 17:2); οἶνος τ . θ . τ . θεοῦ , Revelation 14:10; τ . ὀργῆς τ . θεοῦ , Revelation 16:19; Revelation 19:15; ὁ θ . τ . θεοῦ , Revelation 14:19; Revelation 15:1; Revelation 15:7; Revelation 16:1; pl., impulses or outbursts of anger: ἔρις , ζῆλος , θυμοὶ , ἐριθίαι , 2 Corinthians 12:20, Galatians 5:20 (Cremer, 287, 733).†
SYN.: ὀργή G3709, παροργισμός G3950.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
θυμός is not so common as might have been expected, but it is found in the curious alphabetical acrostic of early i/A.D., P Tebt II. 278.32, where, with reference to the loss of a garment, it is said of the thief—θυμοῦ περιπεσῖτε (l. –εῖται), ";he will meet with anger"; (Edd.) : cf. BGU IV. 1141.11 (B.C. 14) ἐπὶ θυμῶι. So in the new Alexandrian erotic fragment P Grenf I. 1.21 (ii/B.C.) γίνωσκε ὅτι θυμὸν ἀνίκητον ἔχω ὅταν ἔρις λάβῃ με. Add from the inscrr. the early Syll 2.21 (the ";Gadatas"; inscr. translated from a rescript of Darius I.) δώσω σοι μὴ μεταβαλομένωι πεῖραν ἠδικ [ημέ ]νου θ [υ ]μοῦ, Michel 1322 A.4 Δ ]ιονύσιον κατα [δ ]ῶ καὶ τὴν γλῶτ (τ)αν τὴν κακὴν καὶ τὸν θυμὸν τὸν κακὸν καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν τὴν κακή [ν, and Magn 115(a).21 (letter of Darius Hystaspes) δώσω σοι. . . πεῖραν ἠδικη [μέ ]νου θυμοῦ. [In P Lond 42.28 (B.C. 168) (= I. p. 31) for the editor’s θυμήν, from an apparently new form θυμή, we should read οὐ μήν, see Chrest. I. p. 132.] MGr θυμώνω, ";enrage.";
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
Old / New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary developed by Jeff Garrison for StudyLight.org.
Copyright 1999-2023. All Rights Reserved, Jeff Garrison, Gdansk, Poland.
