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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary
Strong's #2372 - θυμός
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θῡμός, ὁ,
soul, spirit, as the principle of life, feeling and thought, esp. of strong feeling and passion (rightly derived from θύω (B) by Pl. Cra. 419e ἀπὸ τῆς θύσεως καὶ ζέσεως τῆς ψυχῆς):
I
1. in physical sense, breath, life, θ. ἀπηύρα, ἀφελέσθαι, ἐξαίνυσθαι, ὀλέσαι, freq. in Hom., Il. 6.17, 5.852, 155, 1.205: c. dupl. acc., ἄμφω θ. ἀπηύρα 6.17; ἐπεί κε.. ῥεθέων ἐκ θ. ἕληται 22.68; λίπε δ' ὀστέα θ. 12.386; ἀπὸ δ' ἔπτατο θ. Od. 10.163; ὀλίγος δ' ἔτι θ. ἐνῆεν Il. 1.593; μόγις δ' ἐσαγείρετο θυμόν 21.417; ἄψορρόν οἱ θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀγέρθη 4.152; θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς κεκαδών 11.334; of animals, 3.294, 12.150, etc.: less freq. in Trag., A. Ag. 1388, E. Ba. 620 (troch.).
2. spirit, strength, τείρετο δ' ἀνδρῶν θ. ὑπ' εἰρεσίης Od. 10.78; ἐν δέ τε θ. τείρεθ' ὁμοῦ καμάτῳ τε καὶ ἱδρῷ Il. 17.744.
3. πάτασσε δὲ θ. ἑκάστου each man's heart beat high, 23.370, cf. 7.216.
II soul, as shown by the feelings and passions; and So
1. desire or inclination, esp. desire for meat and drink, appetite, πιέειν ὅτε θ. ἀνώγοι Il. 4.263; πλησάμενος.. θυμὸν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος Od. 17.603: generally, τά με θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει Il. 7.68; βαλέειν δέ ἑ ἵετο θ. 8.301; αἲ γάρ με μένος καὶ θ. ἀνείη 22.346; θ. ἐποτρύνῃ [τινά ] Od. 9.139; θ. ἐπέσσυταί τινι, ἐφορμᾶται, Il. 1.173, 13.73; ἤθελε θυμῷ he wished in his heart or with all his heart, 16.255, 21.65; ἵετο θυμῷ 2.589; so later θυμῷ βουλόμενοι wishing with all their heart, Hdt. 5.49; [ ὄσσα ϝ] οι θ. κε θέλῃ γένεσθαι Sapph. Supp. 1.3; θυμὸς ὥρμα Pi. O. 3.25, cf. 38; θυμὸς ἡδονὴν φέρει S. El. 286; ὧν ἐρᾷ θυμός Herod. 7.61; τῶν σφι θ. ἦν μάλιστα Hdt. 1.1; ἄλλως σφι θ. ἐγένετο θεήσασθαι τὸν πόλεμον Id. 8.116, etc.: with Verb omitted, σὲ γάρ μοι θῦμος ὔμνην Alc. 5; ἄρχ' αὐτὸς ὥς σοι θ. S. El. 1319; ὅπου ὑμῖν θ. X. Cyr. 3.1.37; βῆξαι θυμός ἐγγίνεται Hp. Prog. 8.
2. mind, temper, will, θ. πρόφρων, ἵλαος, Il. 8.39, 9.639; θ. ὑπερφίαλος καὶ ἀπηνής, νηλέα θ. ἔχοντας, σιδήρεος θ., 15.94, 19.229, Od. 5.191; ἕνα θ. ἔχειν to be of one mind, Il. 15.710, etc.; οὐδὲ λύκοι τε καὶ ἄρνες ὁμόφρονα θ. ἔχουσιν 22.263; ἕτερος δέ με θ. ἔρυκε Od. 9.302; ἐμὸν θ. ἔπειθεν ib. 33; θωπείας κολακικάς, αἳ.. τοὺς θ. ποιοῦσιν κηρίνους Pl. Lg. 633d.
3. spirit, courage, μένος καὶ θ. Il. 20.174; θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι λαβεῖν Od. 10.461; πᾶσιν δὲ παραὶ ποσὶ κάππεσε θ. Il. 15.280; ψῦχρος ἔγεντο θ., of doves, Sapph. 16; θ. ἔχειν ἀγαθόν Hdt. 1.120; θ. οὐκ ἀπώλεσεν S. El. 26; ὁ θυμὸς εὐθὺς ἦν Ἀμυνίας Ar. Eq. 570; ἴωμεν ῥώμῃ καὶ θυμῷ ἐπί.. X. Cyr. 4.2.21; φρονήματός τε καὶ θυμοῦ ἐμπίπλασθαι Pl. R. 411c: so in Philos., opp. λόγος, ἐπιθυμία, ib. 440b, al., cf. Arist. Pol. 1328a7, 1327b24, Phld. Mus. p.26K., etc.; personified, Passion, Emotion, opp. Λογισμός, Cleanth.Stoic. 1.129.
4. the seat of anger, χωόμενον κατὰ θυμόν Il. 1.429; νεμεσιζέσθω ἐνὶ θυμῷ 17.254; θυμὸν ἐχώσατο 16.616, etc.: hence, anger, wrath, δάμασον θυμόν 9.496; εἴξας ᾧ θυμῷ ib. 598; θυμὸς μέγας ἐστὶ.. βασιλήων 2.196; θ. ὀξύς S. OC 1193; θ. κρείσσων τῶν ἐμῶν βουλευμάτων E. Med. 1079, etc.; θυμῷ f.l. for θυμοῦ in S. Ant. 718; οἱ τῷ θ. πραχθέντες φόνοι Pl. Lg. 867b; opp. λογισμός, Th. 2.11, etc.; ἐπανάγειν τὸν θ. Hdt. 7.160; ἐκτείνειν And. 3.31; καταθέσθαι Ar. V. 567; δακεῖν Id. Nu. 1369; θυμῷ χρᾶσθαι Hdt. 1.137, al.; ὀργῆς καὶ θυμοῦ μεστοί Isoc. 12.81 (so τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ τὸν θ., i.e. the outward manifestation of ὀ., Phld. Ir. p.90W.); of horses, X. Eq. 9.2: pl. (not earlier than Pl., f.l. in S. Aj. 718 (lyr.)), fits of anger, passions, περὶ φόβων τε καὶ θυμῶν Pl. Phlb. 40e; οἵ τε θ. καὶ αἱ κολάσεις Id. Prt. 323e, cf. Arist. Rh. 1390a11.
5. the heart, as the seat of the emotions, esp. joy or grief, χαῖρε, γήθησε δὲ θυμῷ, Il. 14.156, 7.189; θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι γεγήθει 13.494; μιν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θ. ἵκανεν 2.171; ἄχνυτο θ. 14.39, etc.; δόκησε δ' ἄρα σφίσι θ. ὣς ἔμεν ὡς εἰ.. they felt as glad at heart as if.., Od. 10.415; μηδ' ὀνίαισι δάμνα.. θ. Sapph. 1.4; of fear, δέος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ Il. 17.625, cf. 8.138; of love, τὴν ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον 9.343; ἐκ θυμοῦ στέργοισα Theoc. 17.130; ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ my heart's beloved, Il. 5.243; reversely, ἀπὸ θ. μᾶλλον ἐμοὶ ἔσεαι wilt be alien from my heart, 1.562; ἐκ θ. πεσέειν, i.e. to lose thy favour, 23.595; ἔρωτι θυμὸν ἐκπλαγεῖσα E. Med. 8; ἐκ θ. κλαῦσαι Philet. 11.
6. mind, soul, as the seat of thought, ταῦθ' ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θ. Il. 1.193, etc.; ᾔδεε γὰρ κατὰ θ. 2.409, cf. 4.163, etc.; φράζετο θυμῷ 16.646; ἐν θ. ἐβάλοντο ἔπος 15.566; τοὺς λόγους θυμῷ βάλε A. Pr. 706; εἰς θ. βαλεῖν τι S. OT 975; οὐκ ἐς θ. φέρω I bring him not into my mind or thoughts, Id. El. 1347.
θυμός , -οῦ , ὁ
(< θύω ),
[in LXX most freq. for H639, also for H2528, H2740, etc., 30 words in all;]
passion, hot anger, wrath: Hebrews 11:27; ὀργὴ καὶ θ ., Romans 2:8, cf. Colossians 3:8; πικρία κ . θ ., Ephesians 4:31; πλησθῆναι , πλήρης θυμοῦ , Luke 4:28, Acts 19:28; θ . ἔχειν , Revelation 12:12; οἶνος τ . θυμοῦ τ . πορνείας (cf. Jeremiah 51:7), Revelation 14:8; Revelation 18:3 (cf. Revelation 17:2); οἶνος τ . θ . τ . θεοῦ , Revelation 14:10; τ . ὀργῆς τ . θεοῦ , Revelation 16:19; Revelation 19:15; ὁ θ . τ . θεοῦ , Revelation 14:19; Revelation 15:1; Revelation 15:7; Revelation 16:1; pl., impulses or outbursts of anger: ἔρις , ζῆλος , θυμοὶ , ἐριθίαι , 2 Corinthians 12:20, Galatians 5:20 (Cremer, 287, 733).†
SYN.: ὀργή G3709, παροργισμός G3950.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
θυμός is not so common as might have been expected, but it is found in the curious alphabetical acrostic of early i/A.D., P Tebt II. 278.32, where, with reference to the loss of a garment, it is said of the thief—θυμοῦ περιπεσῖτε (l. –εῖται), ";he will meet with anger"; (Edd.) : cf. BGU IV. 1141.11 (B.C. 14) ἐπὶ θυμῶι. So in the new Alexandrian erotic fragment P Grenf I. 1.21 (ii/B.C.) γίνωσκε ὅτι θυμὸν ἀνίκητον ἔχω ὅταν ἔρις λάβῃ με. Add from the inscrr. the early Syll 2.21 (the ";Gadatas"; inscr. translated from a rescript of Darius I.) δώσω σοι μὴ μεταβαλομένωι πεῖραν ἠδικ [ημέ ]νου θ [υ ]μοῦ, Michel 1322 A.4 Δ ]ιονύσιον κατα [δ ]ῶ καὶ τὴν γλῶτ (τ)αν τὴν κακὴν καὶ τὸν θυμὸν τὸν κακὸν καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν τὴν κακή [ν, and Magn 115(a).21 (letter of Darius Hystaspes) δώσω σοι. . . πεῖραν ἠδικη [μέ ]νου θυμοῦ. [In P Lond 42.28 (B.C. 168) (= I. p. 31) for the editor’s θυμήν, from an apparently new form θυμή, we should read οὐ μήν, see Chrest. I. p. 132.] MGr θυμώνω, ";enrage.";
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
the Sixth Week after Easter