Bible Commentaries
Exodus 22

Introduction

Overview

Exodus 22:1, Of theft; Exodus 22:5, Of damage; Exodus 22:7, Of trespasses; Exodus 22:14, Of borrowing; Exodus 22:16, Of fornication; Exodus 22:18, Of witchcraft; Exodus 22:19, Of bestiality; Exodus 22:20, Of idolatry; Exodus 22:21, Of strangers, widows, and fatherless; Exodus 22:25, Of usury; Exodus 22:26, Of pledges; Exodus 22:28, Of reverence to magistrates; Exodus 22:29, Of the first fruits; Exodus 22:31, Of torn flesh.

Verse 1

sheep: or, goat

he shall: There is a smaller compensation required in other things - Exodus 22:9, and also a disproportion between an ox and a sheep. The reason of the former is, as Maimonides explains it, because money, goods, etc., are better guarded in houses and cities, than cattle in a field; which consequently can be more easily stolen. The reason of the latter seems to be, as it is explained by Bishop Patrick, that an ox was of greater value, and more useful for the purposes of husbandry. Leviticus 6:1-6, Numbers 5:7, 2 Samuel 12:6, Proverbs 6:31, Luke 19:8

five oxen: Proverbs 14:4

Reciprocal: Exodus 22:4 - he shall restore double Leviticus 5:16 - make Leviticus 6:5 - restore Leviticus 19:11 - shall not Deuteronomy 24:7 - then that Job 20:10 - his hands Ezekiel 33:15 - give

Verse 2

breaking: Job 24:14, Job 30:5, Hosea 7:1, Joel 2:9, Matthew 6:19, Matthew 6:20, Matthew 24:43, 1 Thessalonians 5:2

no blood: Numbers 35:27

Reciprocal: Genesis 9:6 - by Deuteronomy 17:8 - between blood Job 24:16 - In the dark Ezekiel 18:10 - a robber

Verse 3

then he shall: Exodus 21:2, Judges 2:14, Judges 10:7, Isaiah 50:1

Reciprocal: Genesis 9:6 - by Genesis 44:10 - he with whom Exodus 22:5 - shall he make restitution Leviticus 5:16 - make Leviticus 25:39 - be sold Job 20:10 - his hands Job 24:16 - In the dark Proverbs 6:31 - if Matthew 24:43 - would not Romans 7:14 - sold

Verse 4

found: Exodus 21:16

he shall restore double: Exodus 22:1, Exodus 22:7, Exodus 22:9, Proverbs 6:31, Isaiah 40:2, Jeremiah 16:18, Revelation 18:6

Reciprocal: Leviticus 5:16 - make Leviticus 6:5 - restore 1 Samuel 12:3 - I will 1 Samuel 12:5 - in my hand

Verse 5

shall he make restitution: Exodus 22:3, Exodus 22:12, Exodus 21:34, Job 20:18

Reciprocal: Numbers 25:11 - that I

Verse 6

If fire break out: Mr. Harmer observes, that it is a common custom in the East to set the dry herbage on fire; which fires, from want of care, often produce great damage. Hence a law to guard against such evils was highly expedient.

so that the stacks of corn: Judges 15:4, Judges 15:5, 2 Samuel 14:30, 2 Samuel 14:31

he that kindled the fire: Exodus 22:9, Exodus 22:12, Exodus 21:33, Exodus 21:34

Reciprocal: Deuteronomy 22:8 - then thou shalt Amos 5:6 - lest

Verse 7

if the thief be found: Proverbs 6:30, Proverbs 6:31, Jeremiah 2:26, John 12:6, 1 Corinthians 6:10

let him pay double: Exodus 22:4

Reciprocal: Genesis 45:20 - stuff Exodus 22:9 - pay double unto his Exodus 22:12 - stolen from him Leviticus 6:2 - in that Leviticus 6:5 - restore Leviticus 19:11 - shall not

Verse 8

the judges: Exodus 22:28, *marg. Exodus 21:6, Deuteronomy 16:18, Deuteronomy 19:17, Deuteronomy 19:18, 1 Chronicles 23:4, Psalms 82:1

Reciprocal: Exodus 22:11 - that he hath not 1 Kings 8:31 - an oath be laid upon him

Verse 9

for all manner of trespass: Numbers 5:6, Numbers 5:7, 1 Kings 8:31, Matthew 6:14, Matthew 6:15, Matthew 18:15, Matthew 18:35, Luke 17:3, Luke 17:4

the cause of both parties: Exodus 18:21, Exodus 18:22, Exodus 23:6-8, Deuteronomy 16:18, Deuteronomy 16:19, Deuteronomy 25:1, 2 Chronicles 19:10

pay double unto his: Exodus 22:4, Exodus 22:7

Reciprocal: Genesis 25:32 - birthright Exodus 21:6 - the judges Exodus 22:1 - he shall Exodus 22:6 - he that kindled the fire Exodus 22:28 - the gods Leviticus 6:3 - sweareth Leviticus 6:5 - restore Psalms 52:1 - told Psalms 82:6 - General Isaiah 50:8 - let us

Verse 10

Genesis 39:8, Luke 12:48, Luke 16:11, 2 Timothy 1:12

Reciprocal: Genesis 31:39 - torn of Leviticus 19:11 - shall not Luke 6:2 - not

Verse 11

an oath of the Lord: Leviticus 5:1, Leviticus 6:3, 1 Kings 2:42, 1 Kings 2:43, Proverbs 30:9, Hebrews 6:16

that he hath not: Exodus 22:8, Exodus 23:1

Reciprocal: Genesis 24:3 - swear Exodus 22:14 - make it good 2 Chronicles 6:22 - and an oath Hebrews 6:17 - confirmed it

Verse 12

stolen from him: Exodus 22:7, Genesis 31:39

Reciprocal: Exodus 22:5 - shall he make restitution Exodus 22:6 - he that kindled the fire

Verse 13

torn in pieces: Ezekiel 4:14, Amos 3:12, Micah 5:8, Nahum 2:12

let him bring it for witness: Or, rather, "Let him bring" aid hatteraiphah, an evidence of the thing torn, such as the horns, hoofs, etc.

Reciprocal: Zechariah 13:2 - I will cut

Verse 14

borrow: Deuteronomy 15:2, Deuteronomy 23:19, Deuteronomy 23:20, Nehemiah 5:4, Psalms 37:21, Matthew 5:42, Luke 6:35

make it good: Exodus 22:11, Exodus 21:34, Leviticus 24:18

Reciprocal: 2 Kings 6:5 - for it was borrowed

Verse 15

it came for his hire: Zechariah 8:10

Reciprocal: 2 Kings 6:5 - for it was borrowed

Verse 16

a man entice: Genesis 34:2-4, Deuteronomy 22:28, Deuteronomy 22:29

Reciprocal: Genesis 29:18 - I will serve Genesis 34:12 - dowry 1 Samuel 18:25 - dowry Proverbs 30:19 - and the

Verse 17

utterly: Deuteronomy 7:3, Deuteronomy 7:4

pay: Heb. weigh, Genesis 23:16

dowry of virgins: Genesis 34:12, Deuteronomy 22:29, 1 Samuel 18:25

Reciprocal: Genesis 29:18 - I will serve Exodus 21:9 - betrothed her unto Deuteronomy 22:28 - General Hosea 3:2 - I bought

Verse 18

Leviticus 19:26, Leviticus 19:31, Leviticus 20:6, Leviticus 20:27, Deuteronomy 18:10, Deuteronomy 18:11, 1 Samuel 28:3, 1 Samuel 28:9, Isaiah 19:3, Acts 8:9-11, Acts 16:16-19, Acts 19:19, Galatians 5:20, Revelation 22:15

Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 15:23 - witchcraft 1 Chronicles 10:13 - a familiar Isaiah 2:6 - and are Acts 13:6 - certain

Verse 19

Leviticus 18:23, Leviticus 18:25, Leviticus 20:15, Leviticus 20:16, Deuteronomy 27:21

Verse 20

sacrificeth: Numbers 25:2-4, Numbers 25:7, Numbers 25:8, Deuteronomy 13:1-15, Deuteronomy 17:2-5, Deuteronomy 18:20

utterly: Numbers 21:3, Joshua 23:15, Joshua 23:16

Reciprocal: Leviticus 27:28 - no devoted Numbers 25:5 - Slay ye Deuteronomy 13:15 - destroying it utterly 2 Kings 23:20 - he slew 2 Chronicles 15:13 - whosoever

Verse 21

vex a stranger: Exodus 23:9, Leviticus 19:33, Leviticus 25:35, Deuteronomy 10:19, Jeremiah 7:6, Jeremiah 22:3, Zechariah 7:10, Malachi 3:5

for ye were strangers: Exodus 20:2, Exodus 23:9, Deuteronomy 10:19, Deuteronomy 15:15, Deuteronomy 23:7

Reciprocal: Genesis 15:13 - thy Exodus 2:22 - for he said Deuteronomy 1:16 - the stranger Deuteronomy 14:29 - the stranger Deuteronomy 23:16 - thou shalt not Deuteronomy 24:17 - pervert Deuteronomy 27:19 - General Job 22:9 - widows Isaiah 5:7 - a cry Ezekiel 18:7 - hath not Ezekiel 22:7 - dealt Ezekiel 22:29 - oppressed Amos 4:1 - which oppress Micah 2:2 - so

Verse 22

Deuteronomy 10:18, Deuteronomy 24:17, Deuteronomy 27:19, Psalms 94:6, Psalms 94:7, Isaiah 1:17, Isaiah 1:23, Isaiah 10:2, Ezekiel 22:7, Zechariah 7:10, James 1:27

Reciprocal: Exodus 2:23 - cry Job 6:27 - the fatherless Job 29:12 - the fatherless Job 36:6 - poor Psalms 109:31 - to save Proverbs 23:11 - General Isaiah 5:7 - he looked Hosea 14:3 - for Matthew 23:14 - for ye James 5:4 - the cries

Verse 23

they cry at all: Deuteronomy 15:9, Deuteronomy 24:15, Job 31:38, Job 31:39, Job 35:9, Luke 18:7

I will surely: Job 34:28, Psalms 10:17, Psalms 10:18, Psalms 18:6, Psalms 140:12, Psalms 145:19, Psalms 146:7-9, Proverbs 22:22, Proverbs 22:23, Proverbs 23:10, Proverbs 23:11, James 5:4

Reciprocal: Genesis 21:17 - heard Exodus 3:7 - I have Exodus 3:8 - Canaanites

Verse 24

my wrath: Job 31:23, Psalms 69:24, Psalms 76:7, Psalms 90:11, Nahum 1:6, Romans 2:5-9, Hebrews 10:31

your wives: Job 27:13-15, Psalms 78:63, Psalms 78:64, Psalms 109:9, Jeremiah 15:8, Jeremiah 18:21, Lamentations 5:3, Luke 6:38

Reciprocal: Exodus 32:10 - my wrath Deuteronomy 24:15 - lest he Judges 3:8 - was hot

Verse 25

Leviticus 25:35-37, Deuteronomy 23:19, Deuteronomy 23:20, 2 Kings 4:1, 2 Kings 4:7, Nehemiah 5:2-5, Nehemiah 5:7, Nehemiah 5:10, Nehemiah 5:11, Psalms 15:5, Proverbs 28:8, Jeremiah 15:10, Ezekiel 18:8, Ezekiel 18:17, Matthew 25:27, Luke 19:23

Reciprocal: Leviticus 25:36 - usury Deuteronomy 15:3 - General Proverbs 29:13 - meet Ezekiel 22:12 - thou hast

Verse 26

to pledge: Deuteronomy 24:6, Deuteronomy 24:10-13, Deuteronomy 24:17, Job 22:6, Job 24:3, Job 24:9, Proverbs 20:16, Proverbs 22:27, Ezekiel 18:7, Ezekiel 18:16, Ezekiel 33:15, Amos 2:8

Reciprocal: Deuteronomy 24:13 - deliver Job 24:7 - the naked Proverbs 27:13 - General Proverbs 29:13 - meet Ezekiel 22:12 - thou hast Luke 6:30 - and

Verse 27

when he crieth: Exodus 2:23, Exodus 2:24, Psalms 34:6, Psalms 72:12, Isaiah 19:20

for I am gracious: Exodus 34:6, 2 Chronicles 30:9, Psalms 86:15, Psalms 136:10, Psalms 136:11

Reciprocal: Genesis 21:17 - heard Deuteronomy 24:6 - shall take Deuteronomy 24:13 - deliver Deuteronomy 24:17 - nor take Job 24:7 - the naked Job 24:12 - groan Proverbs 20:16 - Take his Proverbs 22:27 - General Isaiah 5:7 - a cry Ezekiel 33:15 - restore Amos 2:8 - laid Luke 6:30 - and James 5:4 - the cries

Verse 28

the gods: or, judges, Exodus 22:8, Exodus 22:9, Psalms 32:6, Psalms 82:1-7, Psalms 138:1, John 10:34, John 10:35

nor curse: Exodus 21:17, 1 Samuel 24:6, 1 Samuel 24:10, 1 Samuel 26:9, Ecclesiastes 10:20, Acts 23:3, Acts 23:5, Romans 13:2-7, Titus 3:1, Titus 3:2, 1 Peter 2:17, 2 Peter 2:10, Jude 1:8

Reciprocal: Exodus 12:12 - gods Exodus 21:6 - the judges 1 Samuel 28:13 - gods ascending 2 Samuel 16:5 - cursed 2 Samuel 16:9 - curse 2 Samuel 19:21 - Shall not 1 Kings 2:9 - hold him 1 Kings 21:10 - Thou didst blaspheme Job 34:18 - General Psalms 82:6 - General Isaiah 8:21 - curse

Verse 29

shalt not delay: Exodus 23:16, Exodus 23:19, Deuteronomy 26:2-10, 2 Kings 4:42, 2 Chronicles 31:5, Proverbs 3:9, Proverbs 3:10, Ezekiel 20:40, Micah 7:1, Matthew 6:33, Romans 8:23, James 1:18

the first of thy ripe fruits: Heb. thy fulness

liquors: Heb. tear.

the firstborn: Exodus 13:2, Exodus 13:12, Exodus 34:19

Reciprocal: Leviticus 2:12 - the oblation Leviticus 19:23 - uncircumcised Leviticus 23:10 - and shall Leviticus 23:17 - the firstfruits Numbers 3:13 - Because Numbers 18:12 - the firstfruits Numbers 18:13 - whatsoever Numbers 18:15 - openeth Deuteronomy 18:4 - firstfruit Deuteronomy 26:10 - And thou Jeremiah 2:3 - the firstfruits Ezekiel 44:30 - all the firstfruits Ezekiel 48:14 - they shall Matthew 1:25 - she Luke 2:23 - Every Romans 11:16 - if the firstfruit

Verse 30

Likewise: Deuteronomy 15:19

seven days: Leviticus 22:27

Reciprocal: Exodus 13:2 - Sanctify Leviticus 19:23 - uncircumcised Leviticus 27:26 - which

Verse 31

holy: Exodus 19:5, Exodus 19:6, Leviticus 11:45, Leviticus 19:2, Deuteronomy 14:21, 1 Peter 1:15, 1 Peter 1:16

neither: Leviticus 17:15, Leviticus 17:16, Leviticus 20:25, Leviticus 22:8, Deuteronomy 14:21, Ezekiel 4:14, Ezekiel 44:31, Acts 10:14, Acts 15:20

Reciprocal: Genesis 31:39 - torn of Leviticus 7:24 - beast Leviticus 11:40 - eateth Ezra 7:26 - whether it be Ezra 9:2 - the holy seed