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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2590 - καρπός
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- fruit
- the fruit of the trees, vines, of the fields
- the fruit of one's loins, i.e. his progeny, his posterity
- that which originates or comes from something, an effect, result
- work, act, deed
- advantage, profit, utility
- praises, which are presented to God as a thank offering
- to gather fruit (i.e. a reaped harvest) into life eternal (as into a granary), is used in fig. discourse of those who by their labours have fitted souls to obtain eternal life
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καρπός
(A), ὁ,
1. fruit, in Hom. and Hes. (only in sg.), usu. of the fruits of the earth, corn, ἀρούρης κ. Il. 6.142; κ. δ' ἔφερε ζείδωρος ἄρουρα Hes. Op. 117; κ. Δήμητρος Hdt. 1.193, etc.; Δηοῦς Ar. Pl. 515; κ. ἀρούρης, also of wine, Il. 3.246; ἀμπέλινος κ. Hdt. 1.212; so κ. alone, Ar. Nu. 1119 (codd. and Sch.); but of corn, opp. Βάκχιον νᾶμα, Id. Ec. 14; καρποῦ ξυγκομιδή harvest, Th. 3.15; κ. λωτοῖο, κρανείης, Od. 9.94, 10.242; μελιηδέα κ., of grapes, Il. 18.568; κ. ἐλαίας Pi. N. 10.35; τὸν ἐπέτειον κ. the crops of the year, Pi. P. 470b: generally, produce, κ. ὑγρός, of honey, Porph. Abst. 2.20; also κ. εὐανθὴς μήλων, of wool, Opp. H. 2.22: pl., καρπῶν ἐστερήθητε διξῶν robbed of two years' produce, Hdt. 8.142; καρπῶν ἀτελεῖς Id. 6.46; κ. ὑγροὶ καὶ ξηροί produce of trees and fields, X. Oec. 5.20; ξύλινοι, σιτικοὶ κ., Str. 5.4.2; of fruits offered in sacrifice, BMus.Inscr. 975.7 (Amathus), cf. κάρπωσις 11; also of taxes paid in kind, opp. Χρυσικά, PHib. 1.47.5 (iii B.C.), al.
2. seed, X. Oec. 16.12; defined as seed with seed-vessel, Thphr. HP 1.2.1.
3. of children, Δῖοι κ. offspring of Zeus, E. Ion 922 (lyr.).
II returns, profits, οἱ κ. οἱ ἐκ τῶν ἀγελῶν γενόμενοι X. Cyr. 1.1.2; τῶν ἀνηλωμένων.. τοὺς κ. Isaiah 5:29.
III of actions, fruit, profit, εἰ κ. ἔσται θεσφάτοισι Λοξίου if his oracles shall bear fruit, i.e. be fulfilled, A. Th. 618; γλώσσης ματαίας κ., i. e. curses, Id. Eu. 831 codd.; ὁμιλίας κακῆς κάκιον οὐδέν, κ. οὐ κομιστέος Id. Th. 600; οὐκ ἐξάγουσι καρπὸν οἱ ψευδεῖς λόγοι S. Fr. 834, cf. Pl. Phdr. 260d: freq. in Pi., κ. ἐπέων οὐ κατέφθινε, i. e. poesy, I. 8(7).50; κ. φρενῶν wisdom, P. 2.74; κ. φρενός, of his own ode, O. 7.8; ἥβας κ., of the bloom of youth, ib. 6.58, P. 9.109; later, reward, profit, ἐπιτηδευμάτων Epicur. Sent.Vat. 27; ὅπου ὁ κίνδυνος μέγας, καὶ ὁ κ. Diog.Oen. 27; κ. νίκης Hdn. 8.3.6: freq. in NT, κ. εἰρηνικὸς δικαιοσύνης Hebrews 12:11, etc. (Cf. Lat. carpo, Engl. harvest.)
καρπός
(B), ὁ, wrist, Il. 24.671, Od. 24.398, Hp. Fract. 3, Arist. HA 494a2, etc.; ἐπὶ καρπῷ Χερός E. Ion 1009; καρποὶ Χειρῶν ib. 891, cf. X. Cyr. 6.4.2. (Perh. cf. ONorse huerfa 'turn round'.)
καρπός, καρποῦ, ὁ (cf. Latincarpo; A-S. hearf-est (harvest i. e. the ingathering of crops); Curtius, § 42); Hebrew פְּרִי; from Homer down; fruit;
1. properly: the fruit of trees, Matthew 12:33; Matthew 21:19; Mark 11:14; Luke 6:44; Luke 13:6f; of vines, Matthew 21:34; Mark 12:2; Luke 20:10; 1 Corinthians 9:7; of the fields, Luke 12:17; Mark 4:29; 2 Timothy 2:6; (James 5:7); βλαστάνειν, James 5:18; ποιεῖν, to bear fruit (after the Hebrew פְּרִי עָשָׂה (see ποιέω, I. 1 e.)), Matthew 3:10; Matthew 7:17-19; Matthew 13:26; Luke 3:9; Luke 11:43; Luke 8:8; Luke 13:9; Revelation 22:2; διδόναι, Matthew 13:8; Mark 4:7f; φέρειν, Matthew 7:18 T WH; John 12:24; John 15:2, 4f; (trop. John 15:8, 16); ἀποδιδόναι, to yield fruit, Revelation 22:2; to render (pay) the fruit, Matthew 21:41; by a Hebraism, ὁ καρπός τῆς κοιλίας, i. e. the unborn child, Luke 1:42 (בֶּטֶן פְּרִי, Deuteronomy 28:4, where the Sept. τά ἔκγονα τῆς κοιλίας); τῆς ὀσφύος the fruit of one's loins, i. e. his progeny, his posterity, Acts 2:30 (Genesis 30:2; Psalm 126:3
2. Metaphorically, that which originates or comes from something; an effect, result;
a. equivalent to ἔργον, work, act, deed: with the genitive of the author, τοῦ πνεύματος, Galatians 5:22; τοῦ φωτός, Ephesians 5:9 (Rec. τοῦ πνεύματος); τῆς δικαιοσύνης, Philippians 1:11 (cf.
b. below); of Christian charity, i. e. benefit, Romans 15:28; καρπόν πολύν φέρειν, to accomplish much (for the propagation of Christianity and its furtherance in the souls of men), John 15:8, 16; used of men's deeds as exponents of their hearts (cf. Winer's Grammar, 372 (348)), Matthew 7:16, 20; ἀγαθοί, James 3:17; καρποί τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ, deeds required for the attainment of salvation in the kingdom of God, Matthew 21:43; ποιεῖν καρπούς ἀξίους τῆς μετανοίας, to exhibit deeds agreeing with a change of heart, Matthew 3:8; Luke 3:8 (cf. ἄξια τῆς μετανοίας ἔργα πράσσειν, Acts 26:20), b. advantage, profit, utility: Philippians 1:22; Philippians 4:17; ἔχειν καρπόν, to get fruit, Romans 1:13; Romans 6:21f; τῆς δικαιοσύνης, benefit arising from righteousness (others make it genitive of apposition, Winer's Grammar, § 59, 8 a.), Hebrews 12:11; which consists in righteousness (genitive of apposition), James 3:18 (cf. Philippians 1:11 in a. above, and Meyer ad loc.; Proverbs 11:30; Amos 6:12).
c. by a Hebraism οἱ καρποί τῶν χειλέων, praises, which are presented to God as a thank-offering: Hebrews 13:15 (Hosea 14:2; Proverbs 12:14; Proverbs 29:49
d. συνάγειν καρπόν εἰς ζωήν αἰώνιον, to gather fruit (i. e. a reaped harvest) into life eternal (as into a granary), is used in figurative discourse of those who by their labors have fitted souls to obtain eternal life, John 4:36.
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καρπός , -οῦ , ὁ ,
[in LXX chiefly for H6529;]
fruit: of trees, Matthew 12:33; Matthew 21:19, Mark 11:14, Luke 6:44; Luke 13:6-7; of vines, Matthew 21:34, Mark 12:2, Luke 20:10, 1 Corinthians 9:7; of fields, Mark 4:29, Luke 12:17, 2 Timothy 2:6, James 5:7; βλαστάνειν , James 5:18; ποιεῖν (cf. Heb. H6529 H6213), Matthew 3:10; Matthew 7:17-19; Matthew 13:26, Luke 3:9; Luke 6:43; Luke 8:8; Luke 13:9, Revelation 22:2; διδόναι , Matthew 13:8, Mark 4:7-8; φέρειν , Matthew 7:18, John 12:24; John 15:2; John 15:4-5; John 15:8; John 15:16; ἀποδιδόναι , Matthew 21:41, Revelation 22:2; ὁ κ . τ . κοιλίας (H990 H6529, Deuteronomy 28:4), Luke 1:42; τ . ὀσφύος (Genesis 30:2, al.), Acts 2:30.
Metaph.,
(a) of works, deeds: Matthew 3:8; Matthew 7:16; Matthew 7:20; Matthew 21:43, Luke 3:8, John 15:3; John 15:16; τ . πνεύματος , Galatians 5:22; τ . φωτός , Ephesians 5:9; τ . δικαιοσύνης , Philippians 1:11; σφραγίζεσθαι τὸν κ . (Deiss., BS, 238 f.), Romans 15:28; κ . ἀγαθοί , James 3:17;
(b) of advantage, profit: Philippians 1:22; Philippians 4:17; ἔχειν , Romans 1:13; Romans 6:21-22. συνάγειν , John 4:36; κ . τ . δικαιοσύνης , Hebrews 12:11, James 3:18; of praise, καρπὸν χειλέων (Hosea 14:2, al.; cf. Æsch., Eum., 830): Hebrews 13:15.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
καρπός is common in the sense of ";fruit,"; ";produce"; of the land generally, e.g. P Eleph 14.15 (Ptol.) τῆς δὲ γῆς κυριεύσει καὶ τῶν καρπῶν (A.D. 54–67), or, more particularly, of an oliveyard, P Ryl II. 130.10 (A.D. 31) ἐτρύλησαν ἐκ τῶν καρπῶν οὐκ ὀλίλην ἐλᾶν, or of a vineyard, P Fay 127.6 (ii/iii A.D.) τοῦ καρποῦ τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος. The phrase ξυλί [νων κ ]αρπῶν is used in OGIS 55.14 (iii/B.C.) with reference to tree-fruits, such as apples, etc.; see Dittenberger’s note ad l. and cf. PSI V. 528.16 (iii/B.C.) περὶ τοῦ καρποῦ τοῦ ξυλικοῦ, apparently the tax ξυλίνων καρπῶν. Another ex. of the sing. is P Oxy XIV. 1632.10 (A.D. 353) καρπο ̣, ν φύ (= οί)νικος χωρίων σου δύο, ";the date-crop of your two estates"; (Edd.). For the metaphorical usage Rouffiac (p. 51) cites Priene112.14 (after B.C. 84) συνιδὼν δὲ ὅτι μόνη μεγίστους ἀποδίδωσιν ἡ ἀρετὴι καρποὺς καὶ χάριτας : cf. James 3:17 f., al. We have no example of καρπός = ";profit,"; ";credit,"; as in Philippians 4:17 (";the interest which is accruing to your credit,"; Moule CGT ad l.), but, as showing how easily this sense might arise, we may quote the corresponding use of καρπεία in P Petr III. 53 (P).5 (iii/B.C.) π ]ρὸς τὰς καρπείας ἃς. . . . ἡμᾶς κομίζεσθαι ἐκ τοῦ [ἱ ]εροῦ, ";with respect to the profits which we should obtain from the temple"; (Edd.) : cf. also καρπίζομαι in P Ryl II. 119.26 (A.D. 54–67) μέχρι νῦν καρπίζεται τὴν αὐτὴν ὑποθήκην ἀφ᾽ ἧς ἀπηνέγκατο εἰς λόγον ἀργυ (ρίου) (ταλάντων) ε ̄, ";he continues up to the present to enjoy the mortgage aforesaid by which he has profited to the extent of 5 talents"; (Edd.). For the adj. κάρπιμος see Kaibel 1039.15 s.v. θερίζω.
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