Bible Lexicons

עִם prop. conjunction, communion; from the root עָמַם; always used as a particle. It is

(A) adv. together, moreover, at the same time; Gr. σύν, μετά; Arab. مَعًا. 1 Samuel 17:2, “he was ruddy עִס יְפֵה מַרְאֶה and at the same time (und daben) of a handsome countenance,” 1 Samuel 16:12. It is far more frequently

(B) prep. with suff. עִמִּי (for which also עִמָּדִי is used; see עִמָּד ); עִמְּךָ in pause and fem. עִמָּךְ, עִמּוֹ, עִמָּנוּ, עִמָּכֶם, עִמָּם and עִמָּהֶם (Syr. ܥܰܡ, Arab. transp. مَعَ, مَعْ).

(1) with, cum (which is of the same origin; see under the root עָמַם ); prop. used of fellowship and companionship. Genesis 13:1, וְלוֹט עִמּוֹ “and Lot with him;” Genesis 18:16; 1 Samuel 9:24. Hence

(a) used of aid. Genesis 21:22, אֱלהִים עִמְּךָ “God is with thee,” i.e. aids thee, Genesis 26:3, 28 Genesis 26:28; 1 Samuel 14:45 hence after verbs of aiding; as עָזַר (Germ. behftehn), 1 Chronicles 12:21 הִתְחַזֵּק (which see), etc.

(b) Of fellowship in action, as חָלַק עִם to share with any one, Proverbs 29:24 to inherit with any one, Genesis 21:10 to make a covenant with any one (see כָּרַת ); דִּבֶּר עִם (see דִּבֶּר ), to converse with any one; hence דָּבָר עִם the word which I speak with any one, Job 15:11; 2 Chronicles 1:9 שָׁכַכ עִס to lie with any one, Genesis 19:32, seq.; 30:15. If used of those who are acting in mutual hostility, it is

(c) with for against, as נִלְחַם עִם to fight, to wage war with any one; נֶאֱבַק עִם to struggle with, רִיב עִם to strive with, also Psalms 55:19, כִּי בְרַבִּים הָיוּ עִמָּדִי “for they come with many (they have many allies in battle) against me.” Psalms 94:16, “who will aid me עִם מְרֵעִים (in fighting) with the wicked.” Job 9:14, 10:17 16:21 17:3.

(d) With verbs of doing; to do with any one (well or ill), to treat him (well or ill), as עָשָׂה טוֹב עִס, עָשָׂה חֶסֶד עִם Joshua 2:12 Psal. 119:65 הֵיטִיב עִם to do good to any one, Genesis 32:10 רָצָה עִם to act friendly with any one, Psalms 50:18 also תָּמִים עִם Psalms 18:24 שָׁלֵם עִם (see that word); נָכוֹן עִם Psalms 78:37.-From the notion of association springs that of

(e) a common lot. Genesis 18:23, “wilt thou destroy the righteous with the wicked?” i.e. like the wicked. Genesis 18:25; Job 3:14, 15 Job 3:15, 21:8 Psalms 73:5. Ecclesiastes 2:16, “the wise man dies with the fool,” equally with the fool, the lot of both is the same, they are treated alike. Hence

(f) It is used of any equality or similitude; Job 40:15, “behold the hippopotamus which I have created עִמָּךְ equally with thee,” as well as I have created thee; Job 9:26; Psalms 120:4, “(the tongue is false) … עִם גַּחֲלֵי רְתָמִים like coals of broom” [Retem], i.e. it pierces and burns like coals. It is used with verbs of likeness, נִמְשַׁל עִם to be compared with any thing, i.e. to be like a thing, Psalms 143:7.

(g) It is used of equality as to time; Psalms 72:5, יִירָאוּךָ עִם שֶׁמֶשׁ “they shall fear thee with the sun,” i.e. as long as the sun shall be; compare Dan. 3:33, and the expression of Ovid, Amor. i. 15, 16, cum sole et luna semper Aratus erit.

(2) at, by, near, used of nearness and vicinity. עִם בְּאֵר at, or by the fountain, Genesis 25:11 עִם שְׁכֶם near Shechem, Genesis 35:4 עִם יְהֹוָה by Jehovah (i.e. at his sanctuary), 1 Samuel 2:21 עִם פְּנֵי at the face of any one, Job 1:12. Hence it is said, to dwell by (or with) any one, i.e. in his house or family, Genesis 27:44 in the same people, Genesis 23:4 to serve by (or with) one, i.e. to be his servant, Genesis 29:25, 30 Genesis 29:30. By any one, specially is used

(a) for, in any one’s house, chez quelqu’un, see the examples already cited, and also Genesis 24:25, “there is plenty of straw and fodder עִמָּנוּ by (or with) us,” i.e. in our house. In the later Hebrew it is more fully said, עִם בֵּית פּ׳. 1 Chronicles 13:14.

(b) in any one’s body, Job 6:4, “the darts of the Almighty (are) עִמָּדִי;” LXX. ἐν τῷ σώματί μου. More often

(c) in any one’s mind, Job 27:11, אֲשֶׁר עִם שַׁדַּי לֹא אֲכַחֵד “I will not conceal what are with the Almighty,” i.e. what his thoughts are, what his mind is; Job 9:35, לֹא כֵן אָנֹכִי עִמָּדִי “not so (am) I with myself,” i.e. my mind is not such within me, sc. that I should fear; Numbers 14:24 hence used of counsel, which any one takes, Job 10:13, יָדַעְתִּי בִּי זאֹת עִמָּךְ “I know that such things have been in thy mind,” that thou purposest such things; Job 23:14 used of that which we know, are acquainted with, Psalms 50:11, “the beasts of the field (are) with me,” or in my mind, i.e. I know them all, (in the other hemistich יָדַעְתּי); Job 15:9 used of the opinion of any one (compare apud me multum valet hæc opinio, Arab. عندى with me, i.e. in my opinion), e.g. צָדַק עִם אֵל to be righteous in the judgment of God, Job 9:2, 25:4. The Hebrews express this more fully (but only, however, the later writers), עִם לִבִּי, עִם לְבָבִי, like the Gr. μετὰ φρεσίν, Lat. apud animum (to maintain, to propose), Ecclesiastes 1:16, דִּבַּרְתִּי עִם לִבִּי “I spoke with my heart;” Deuteronomy 8:5; Psalms 77:7; 2 Chronicles 1:11 used of purpose, 1 Chronicles 22:7, 28:2 2 Chronicles 6:7, 2 Chronicles 6:8, 24:4 29:10 of that which we know, Joshua 14:7; 1 Kings 10:2; 2 Chronicles 9:2.

(d) by (or with) men is often used for amongst them, in their midst, like the Gr. μεθʼ ἑταίρων, μετʼ ἀνδράσι, Lat. apud exercitum, for in exercitu (compare Germ. mit, which is of the same stock as Mitte, and the Gr. μετά), Isaiah 38:11, עִם ישְׁבֵי חָֽדֶל “amongst the inhabitants of the world;” 2 Samuel 13:23, עִם אֶפְרַיִם “amongst the Ephraimites.”

(e) Metaph. it is notwithstanding, in spite of (compare בְּ letter C, No. 3, Arab. مَحَ De Sacy, Gram. Arabe i. § 1094, ed. 2). עִם זֶח in spite of this, nevertheless, Nehemiah 5:18.

In many of its significations עִם agrees with אֵת (No. II), which-Ewald would therefore derive from this word, Hebr. Gramm. page 608 (עֵמֶת, contr. עֵת, changed into אֵת); but the different origin and primary signification have been already shewn above.

With the prefix מִן, מֵעִס (Arab. من عند) used of those that go from any person or thing by, with, or near whom they were. Specially

(a) from the vicinity of any one, after a verb of going away, departing, Genesis 13:14, 26:16 sending away, Deuteronomy 15:12, etc. מֵעִם הַמִּזְבֵּחַ from the altar, Exodus 21:14; Deuteronomy 23:16; Judges 9:37; Job 28:4.

(b) from any one’s house, de chez quelqu’un (compare עִם No. 2, letter b). מֵעִם פַּרְעֹה out of Pharaoh’s house, Exodus 8:8, 25, 26 9:33 10:6, 18 Exodus 10:18.

(c) out of the power of any one (from any one), after verbs of receiving, 2 Samuel 2:15 asking, Exodus 22:13 buying, 2 Samuel 24:21 often used of God, from whom as the author and cause anything springs. Psalms 121:2, “my help cometh מֵעִס יְהֹוָה from Jehovah.” Isaiah 8:18, “(we) are signs and wonders in Israel מֵעִם יְהֹוָה from Jehovah,” so appointed and destined by him for this. Isaiah 7:11, 29:6 1 Kings 2:33; 2 Chronicles 10:13. (Arabic من مند from the command, will of any one.)

(d) from the mind of any one. 1 Samuel 16:14, “the Spirit went away מֵעִם שָׁאוּל from the mind of Saul.” Hence used of a judgment which proceeds from any one. Job 34:33, “doth (God) retribute מֵעִמְּךָ according to thy mind?” 2 Samuel 3:28 used of purpose, Genesis 41:32; 1 Samuel 20:33.

(e) from among (comp. עִם No. 2, letter d). מֵעִם אֶחָיו Ruth 4:10.-Similar to this is מֵאֵת page 94, A.

עִם Ch. i.q. Heb. with, by, near, used of fellowship, Daniel 2:18, 43 6:22 7:13, 21, “a (form) like the Son of man came עִם עֲנָנֵי שְׁמַיָּא with the clouds of heaven;” compare μετὰ πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο, Od. ii. 148. Used of time during which anything is done (comp. Heb. No. 1, letter g): עִם לֵילְיָא Germ. beh Nacht, Daniel 7:2. עִם דָּר וְדָר with all generations, i.e. so long as generations of men shall be, Dan. 3:33 4:31.

I.

וְֽעִם־ וְעִם־ וְעִמְּה֛וֹן ועם־ ועמהון עִם֩ עִם־ עִמִּ֔י עִמֵּ֥הּ עִמָּ֖ךְ עם עם־ עמה עמי עמך ‘im ‘im- ‘im·māḵ ‘im·mêh ‘im·mî ‘immāḵ ‘immêh ‘immî im imMach imMeh imMi veim veimmeHon wə‘im- wə‘imməhōwn wə·‘im- wə·‘im·mə·hō·wn