Lectionary Calendar

Saturday, December 21st, 2024
the Third Week of Advent

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Bible Lexicons

Old Testament Hebrew Lexical DictionaryHebrew Lexicon

Strong's #2820 - חָשַׂךְ

Transliteration

châsak

Phonetics

khaw-sak'

Origin

a primitive root

Parts of Speech

verb

TWOT

765

Definition

Brown-Driver-Briggs
Strong

Brown-Driver-Briggs' Definition

to withhold, restrain, hold back, keep in check, refrain
1. (Qal)
  1. to withhold, keep back, keep for oneself, keep from, hold in check, refrain, spare, reserve
  2. to restrain, check
2. (Niphal) to assuage, be spared

Greek Equivalent Words:

Strong #: 4046 ‑ περιποιέω (per‑ee‑poy‑eh'‑om‑ahee); 606 ‑ ἀπόκειμαι (ap‑ok'‑i‑mahee); 4863 ‑ συνάγω (soon‑ag'‑o); 5339 ‑ φείδομαι (fi'‑dom‑ahee); 2893 ‑ κουφίζω (koo‑fid'‑zo);

Frequency Lists

Book
Word

Verse Results

ASV (26)

Genesis 4

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Ezra 1

Job 6

Psalms 2

Proverbs 6

Isaiah 3

Jeremiah 1

BSB (27)

Genesis 4

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Ezra 1

Job 7

Psalms 2

Proverbs 6

Isaiah 3

Jeremiah 1

Ezekiel 1

CSB (24)

Genesis 4

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Ezra 1

Job 7

Psalms 2

Proverbs 6

Isaiah 3

Jeremiah 1

ESV (26)

Genesis 4

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Ezra 1

Job 7

Psalms 2

Proverbs 6

Isaiah 3

Jeremiah 1

Ezekiel 1

KJV (28)

Genesis 4

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Ezra 1

Job 7

Psalms 2

Proverbs 6

Isaiah 3

Jeremiah 1

Ezekiel 1

LEB (26)

Genesis 4

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Ezra 1

Job 7

Psalms 2

Proverbs 6

Isaiah 2

Jeremiah 1

LSB (44)

Genesis 5

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Ezra 1

Job 10

Psalms 4

Proverbs 12

Isaiah 6

Jeremiah 2

N95 (30)

Genesis 4

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Ezra 1

Job 8

Proverbs 8

Isaiah 3

Jeremiah 2

NAS (32)

Genesis 4

1 Samuel 2

2 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Ezra 1

Job 8

Psalms 3

Proverbs 8

Isaiah 4

Jeremiah 2

NLT (0)

The World English Bible
did not use
this Strong's Number

WEB (26)

Genesis 4

1 Samuel 1

2 Samuel 1

2 Kings 1

Ezra 1

Job 7

Psalms 2

Proverbs 5

Isaiah 3

Jeremiah 1

ASV (26)

and hath kept 1

and withholdeth not 1

but he that refraineth 1

from me, and spare 1

hath he kept back 1

hath spared 1

have punished 1

he keepeth back 1

he spared 1

he that spareth 2

held back 1

is not assuaged 1

keep back 1

man is reserved 1

restrained 1

see that thou hold back 1

spare 2

therefore i will not refrain 1

they have not refrained 1

this, and i also withheld 1

which i have reserved 1

withheld 2

yet more; and there is that withholdeth 1

BSB (27)

and restrain 1

another withholds 1

but he who restrains 1

had restrained them 1

has restrained 1

has spared 1

have kept 1

have punished us 1

he has withheld 1

he who spares 1

hesitate 1

hold back 2

i hold in reserve 1

keep 1

man is spared 1

relieved 1

restrain 1

restrained 1

restrains 1

restraint 1

spare 1

to preserve 1

will be darkened 1

withheld 2

would bring relief 1

CSB (24)

hesitate 1

hold back 2

in reserve 1

is spared 1

keep 1

kept 1

off 1

punished 1

rest 1

restrain 1

restrained 2

restrains 1

save 1

spare 1

spares 1

use 1

who controls 1

withheld 3

withholds 1

would bring relief 1

ESV (26)

assuage 1

assuaged 1

back 1

forbear 1

hesitate 1

hold back 3

keeps 1

kept 1

kept back 2

punished 1

reserved 1

restrain 1

restrained 2

spare 1

spared 2

spares 1

whoever restrains 2

withheld 2

withholds 1

KJV (28)

( 1

asswage 1

asswaged 1

back 4

forbear 1

hindereth 1

kept 1

punished 1

refrain 1

refrained 1

refraineth 1

reserved 2

spare 3

spared 2

spareth 3

withheld 3

withholdeth 1

LEB (26)

⌊kept 1

and they do 1

but he who restrains 1

but he who withholds 1

has refrained 1

have held back 1

he did 1

he has kept back 1

he spares 1

he who spares 1

he who withholds 1

hold back 1

i have reserved 1

is 1

is spared 1

keep back 1

kept back 1

spare 1

spared 1

will 1

withheld 3

would ease the pain 1

you hold back 1

you must 1

LSB (44)

back 16

check 1

held 2

hold 7

holds 5

keep 1

kept 2

lessen 1

lessened 1

requited 1

reserved 2

restrained 1

spared 2

withheld 2

N95 (30)

back 5

check 1

hold 3

keeps 1

kept 3

lessen 1

lessened 1

refrain 1

requited 1

reserved 2

restrain 1

restrained 1

restrains 2

spare 1

spared 1

withheld 3

withholds 2

NAS (32)

back 6

hold 3

keep 1

keeps 1

kept 2

lessen 1

lessened 1

refrain 1

reserved 1

restrain 1

restrained 2

restrains 1

spare 2

spared 3

withheld 3

withholds 3

NLT (0)

The World English Bible
did not use
this Strong's Number

WEB (26)

and has kept 1

but he who restrains 1

has he kept back 1

has spared 1

have punished 1

he keeps back 1

he who spares 1

held back 1

is not subsided 1

keep back 1

man is reserved 1

one who spares 1

restrained 1

therefore i will not keep 1

they have not refrained 1

which i have reserved 1

withheld 2

would relieve you 1

Ancient Hebrew Lexicon Definitions

2182) k x h (ההסכ HhSK) AC: Withhold CO: ? AB: ?: [from: kx- keeping something covered]

V) k x h (ההסכ HhSK) - Withhold: To hold something back. [df: KVx] KJV (28): (vf: Paal, Niphal) spare, keep, withhold, refrain, asswage, reserve, forbear, hinder, punish - Strongs: H2820 (חָשַׂךְ)

Brown-Driver-Briggs Expanded Definition

חָשַׂךְ verb withhold, refrain (Late Hebrew חָסַךְ, Aramaic חֲסַךְ,

; Palmyrene חסך remit, spare, Vog^{Nos. 6,15}; Sabean משחכן weaned (child) DHM^{ZMG 1875,608}) —

Qal Perfect חָשַׂךְ Genesis 39:9 4t. (+ Ezekiel 30:18 Ba; see חשׁך; Isaiah 38:17 see below), חָשָׂ֑ךְ Isaiah 14:6, חָֽשְׂכוּ Job 30:10, חָשָׂ֑כוּ Jeremiah 14:10, etc.; Imperfect יַחְשׂךְ Job 16:5 2t.; 2 masculine singular תַּחְשׂךְ Isaiah 58:1, תַּחְשׂוֺךְ Proverbs 24:11; 2 feminine singular תַּחְשׂ֑כִי Isaiah 54:2, etc.; Imperative חֲשׂךְ Psalm 19:14; Participle חֹשֵׂךְ Proverbs 10:19; Proverbs 11:24; חוֺשֵׂךְ Proverbs 13:24; Proverbs 17:27; followed by —

1. a. withhold, keep back, keep for oneself, accusative, Genesis 22:12 (E), Genesis 22:16; Genesis 39:9 (followed by מִמֶּגִּי; both J); absolute Proverbs 21:26 (opposed to נָתַן); withhold the rod (שׁבט) in discipline, Proverbs 13:24; no object expressed Proverbs 11:24; Proverbs 24:11.

b. keep one from evil, calamity, She'ôl, etc., with accusative and מִן Genesis 20:6 (E), 1 Samuel 25:39; Psalm 19:14; מִמָּוֶת נַפְשָׁם׳ח Psalm 78:50 compare Job 33:18; Isaiah 38:7 (read חָשַׂכְתָּ or חֲשׂךְ for ᵑ0חָשַׁקְתָּ, see חשׁק); absolute hinder (i.e. calamities from coming) Isaiah 14:6; לְמַטָח מֵעֲוֺנֵנוּ׳ח Ezra 9:13 thou hast kept back, downward (= and kept down), part of our iniquity, i.e. hast not punished us according to our full desert.

c. hold in check with accusative 2 Samuel 18:16 (or spare see below); object רַגְלֵיהֶם Jeremiah 14:10; especially of keeping silence, object מִּי Job 7:11 restrain my mouth, שׂפתים Proverbs 10:19, אמרים Proverbs 17:27; רֹק׳מִמָּנַי לֹא ח Job 30:10 from my face they have not withheld spittle (= they have spit in my face).

d. refrain (from doing what is mentioned in the context), absolute Isaiah 54:2; Isaiah 58:1.

e. spare, with accusative of person 2 Kings 5:20 he hath spared Naaman מִקַּחַת so as not to take (= and hath not taken anything) out of his hand; perhaps also 2 Samuel 18:16 Joab spared the people (see above).

f. reserve for, with accusative + לְ Job 38:23.

2 (absolute) restrain, check (pain) i.e. assuage, so apparently ᵑ0 Job 16:5 (see Di Kau; I would not restrain condolence of my lips, ᵐ5ᵑ6 Me, reading לא אחשׂך for יחשׂך). — Ezekiel 30:18 see חשׁך.

Niph`al Imperfect לְיוֺם אֵיד יֵחָשֶׂךְרָֿע Job 21:30 at the day of calamity the wicked is spared (passive of Qal 1 e); יֵחָשֵׂךְ Job 16:6 be assuaged, of pain (pass of Qal 2).

Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Definition

חָשַׂךְ fut. יַחְשׂךְ

(1) to restrain, to hold in. (Syr. and Chald. חֲסַךְ, ܚܣܰܟ id. A kindred root is חָזַק.) 2 Samuel 18:16, “Joab restrained the people” from pursuing. Proverbs 10:19, חֹשֵׂךְ שְׂפָתָיו “he who restrains his lips.” Job 7:11, 16:5 Isaiah 58:1, “cry aloud (with the throat), אַל־תַּחְשׂוֹךְ keep not back (thy throat or mouth).” Followed by מִן to restrain from something, Genesis 20:6; 1 Samuel 25:39; 2 Samuel 18:16.

Hence

(2) to preserve, to keep safely from something, Proverbs 24:11; Psalms 78:50; Job 33:18 and

(3) to withhold something from any one, i.e. to deny it to him; followed by מִן of the person, and acc. of the thing, Genesis 39:9, 22:12 but verse 16 Genesis 39:16 without מִן of person.

(4) to spare, to be sparing of

(a) things (Germ. fparen). Proverbs 13:24, “he who spares the rod hates his son;” 11:24 21:26.

(b) men (Germ. fchonen). Isaiah 14:6; 2 Kings 5:20. Followed by לְ to reserve for something (für etwas auffparen), Job 38:23.

Niphal

(1) to be restrained, pass. of No. 1, Job 16:6.

(2) pass. of No. 4, to be reserved for any thing, Job 21:30.

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List of Word Forms

אֶחֱשָׂ֫ךְ אחשך וְחֹשֵׂ֖ךְ וְחוֹשֵׂ֥ךְ וָאֶחְשֹׂ֧ךְ ואחשך וחושך וחשך חֲשֹׂ֬ךְ חָ֥שְׂכוּ חָשַׂ֖כְתָּ חָשַׂ֛כְתָּ חָשַׂ֣ךְ חָשַׂ֤ךְ חָשַׂ֤כְתָּֽ חָשַׂ֥ךְ חָשַׂ֥כְתִּי חָשָֽׂךְ׃ חָשָׂ֑כוּ חוֹשֵׂ֣ךְ חושך חשך חשך׃ חשכו חשכת חשכתי יֵחָ֣שֶׂךְ יֵחָשֵׂ֣ךְ יַחְשֹֽׂךְ׃ יַחְשֹׂ֣ךְ יחשך יחשך׃ תַּחְשֹׂ֑כִי תַּחְשֹׂ֔ךְ תַּחְשֽׂוֹךְ׃ תחשוך׃ תחשך תחשכי ’e·ḥĕ·śāḵ ’eḥĕśāḵ chaSach chaSachta chaSachti chaSachu Chasechu chaSoch choSech echeSach ḥā·śā·ḵū ḥā·śaḵ ḥā·śāḵ ḥā·śaḵ·tā ḥā·śaḵ·tî ḥā·śə·ḵū ḥă·śōḵ ḥāśaḵ ḥāśāḵ ḥāśaḵtā ḥāśaḵtî ḥāśāḵū ḥāśəḵū ḥăśōḵ ḥō·w·śêḵ ḥōwśêḵ tachSoch tachSochi taḥ·śō·ḵî taḥ·śō·wḵ taḥ·śōḵ taḥśōḵ taḥśōḵî taḥśōwḵ vaechSoch vechoSech wā’eḥśōḵ wā·’eḥ·śōḵ wə·ḥō·śêḵ wə·ḥō·w·śêḵ wəḥōśêḵ wəḥōwśêḵ yachSoch yaḥ·śōḵ yaḥśōḵ yê·ḥā·śeḵ yê·ḥā·śêḵ yechaSech yêḥāśeḵ yêḥāśêḵ