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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #979 - βίος
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- life
- life extensively
- the period or course of life
- that by which life is sustained, resources, wealth, goods
- life extensively
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βίος [ ῐ], ὁ,
I
1. life, i. e. not animal life (ζωή), but mode of life (cf. εἰ χρόνον τις λέγοι ψυχῆς ἐν κινήσει μετα βατικῇ ἐξ ἄλλου εἰς ἄλλον βίον ζωὴν εἶναι Plot. 3.7.11), manner of living (mostly therefore of men, v. Ammon. p.32 V.; but also of animals, διεχώριζον ζῴων τε βίον δένδρων τε φύσιν Epicr. 11.14, cf. X. Mem. 3.11.6, etc.; also ζῆν φυτοῦ βίον Arist. GA 736b13); ζώεις δ' ἀγαθὸν βίον Od. 15.491; ἐμὸν βίον ἀμφιπολεύειν 18.254; αἰῶνα βίοιο Hes. Fr. 161; τὸν μακρὸν τείνειν βίον A. Pr. 537 (lyr.); ὁ καθ' ἡμέραν β. S. OC 1364; βίον διαγαγεῖν Ar. Pax 439; τελεῖν S. Ant. 1114; διατελεῖν Isoc. 6.45; διέρχεσθαι βίου τέλος dub.in Pi. I. 4(3).5; τελευτᾶν Isoc. 4.84; ὑπ' ἄλλου τελευτῆσαι β. Pl. Lg. 870e; ἐπειδὰν τοῦ ἀνθρωπίνου βίου τελευτήσω X. Cyr. 8.7.17; τέρμα βίου περᾶν S. OT 1530; ὁδὸς βίου Isoc. 1.5, cf. X. Mem. 2.1.21; διὰ βίου Arist. Pol. 1272a37; prov., ὁ ἐπὶ Κρόνου βίος 'the Golden Age', Id. Ath. 16.7; so Ταρτησσοῦ β. Him. Ecclesiastes 10:11; β. ζωῆς Pl. Epin. 982a (cf. βιοτή) ; ζῆν θαλάττιον β. Antiph. 100; ἀμέριμνον ζῆν β. Philem. 92.8; λαγὼ β. ζῆν δεδιὼς καὶ τρέμων D. 18.263; σκληρὸς τῷ β. Men. Georg. 66: rarely in pl., Alex. 116.6 and 11, Men. 855; τίνες καὶ πόσοι εἰσὶ β.; Pl. Lg. 733d, cf. Arist. EN 1095b15, Pol. 1256a20.
2. in Poets sts. = ζωή, βίον ἐκπνέων A. Ag. 1517 (lyr.); ἀποψύχειν S. Aj. 1031; φείδεσθαι βίου Id. Ph. 749; νοσφίζειν τινὰ βίου ib. 1427, etc.
3. lifetime, ἐς τὸν ἅπαντα ἀνθρώπων β. Hdt. 6.109; τῶν ἐπὶ τοῦ σοῦ β. γεγονότων λόγων Pl. Phdr. 242a, cf. PMagd. 18.7 (iii B. C.), etc.
II livelihood, means of living (in Hom. βίοτος), βίος ἐπηετανός Hes. Op. 31, Pi. N. 6.10; τὸν βίον κτᾶσθαι, ποιεῖσθαι, ἔχειν ἀπό τινος, to make one's living off, to live by a thing, Hdt. 8.106, Th. 1.5, X. Oec. 6.11; ἀπεστέρηκας τὸν βίον τὰ τόξ' ἑλών S. Ph. 931, cf. 933, 1282; κτᾶσθαι πλοῦτον καὶ βίον τέκνοις E. Supp. 450; πλείον' ἐκμοχθεῖν β. ib. 451; β. πολύς ib. 861; ὀλίγος Ar. Pl. 751; βίον κεκτημένος Philem. 99.4; ὁ ῐδιος β. private property, AJA 17.29 (i B. C.), cf. SIG 762.40, Iamb. VP 30.170; β. Δημήτριος, = corn, A. Fr. 44.
III the world we live in, 'the world', οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ β., opp. the philosophers, S.E. M. 11.49; simply ὁ βίος Id. P. 1.211; ὁ β. ὁ κοινός ib. 237; μυθικὰς ὑποθέσεις ὧν μεστὸς ὁ β. ἐστί Ph. 1.226; ἐκκαθαίρειν τὸν β., of Hercules, Luc. DDeor. 13.1; τὸν βίον μιμούμενοι, of comic poets, Sch. Heph. p.115C.; also, 'the public', ἵνα ὁ β. εἰδῇ τίνα δεῖ μετακαλεῖσθαι Sor. 1.4. settled life, almost, = abode, ἐν τῇ Θρᾳκίᾳ νήσῳ βίους ἱδρύσαντο D.H. 1.68, cf. 72. a life, biography, as those of Plu., Thes. 1, cf. Ph. 2.180. caste, διεῖλε τὸ πλῆθος εἰς τέτταρας β. Str. 8.7.1. wine made from partly dried unripe grapes, Plin. HN 14.77. Astrol., the second region, Paul.Al. L. 2. (Cf. Skt. jîv´s 'alive', j[imacracute]vati 'live', Lat. uîvus, etc.)
βίος, βίου, ὁ (from Homer down);
a. life extensively, i. e. the period or course of life (see below and Trench, § xxvii.): Luke 8:14; 1 Timothy 2:2; 2 Timothy 2:4; 1 John 2:16; 1 Peter 4:3 (Rec.).
b. (as often in Greek writings from Hesiod, Works, 230, 575; Herodotus, Xenophon) that by which life is sustained, resources, wealth (A. V. living): Mark 12:44; Luke 8:43 (WH omits; Tr marginal reading brackets the clause); Luke 15:12, 30; Luke 21:4; 1 John 3:17 (goods). (For לֶחֶם in Proverbs 31:14
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βίος , -ου , ὁ ,
[in LXX chiefly for H3117;]
1. period or course of life, life: Luke 8:14, 1 Timothy 2:2, 2 Timothy 2:4, 1 John 2:16.
2. living, livelihood, means (in Proverbs 31:14 for H3899; v. DCG, ii, 39a): Mark 12:44, Luke 8:43; Luke 15:12; Luke 15:30; Luke 21:4, 1 John 3:17.†
SYN.: ζωή G2222, is life intensive, "vita quâ vivimus," the vital principle; βίος , life extensive, "vita quam vivimus,"
(1) the period of life,
(2) the means by which it is sustained. Hence, in cl., ζ ., being confined to the physical life common to men and animals, is the inferior word (cf. zoology, biography). In NT, ζωή is elevated into the ethical and spiritual sphere (cf. Tr., Syn., § xxvii).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
For β . = the period or duration or life, cf. P Petr II 13(19).4 (c. B.C. 252) (= Witkowski, Epp..2 p. 18) σοῦ προστατῆσα [ι τὸν ] ἐ [π ]ίλοιπον βίον , ";to take care of you for the rest of your life,"; P Magd 18.7 (B.C. 221) εἰς τὸ [λοι ]πὸν τοῦ βίου , P Par 39.4 (B.C. 161) μετ [ηλλαχότος τοῦ ] πατρὸς τὸν βίον , P Tebt I. 43.42 (B.C. 118) τετευχότες [τ ]ῆς παρ᾽ ὑμῶν εἰς ἅπαντα τὸν βίον ἀντιλήμψεως , P Oxy III. 473.7 (A.D. 138–60) τὴν τοῦ λοιποῦ βίου φιλοτιμίαν , CP Herm I. 7ii. 4 (ii/A.D.?) ἀ [συνε ]ξώστου διὰ βίου , ";for life,"; P Ryl I. 28.152 (iv/A.D.) if the right calf quiver, ἐξ ἀπροσδοκήτου προσλήμψεταί τι κατὰ τὸν βίον , ";the person will unexpectedly acquire something in his life"; (Ed.—but could it mean ";something affecting his livelihood";?), P Fay 19.4 (the so-called letter of the dying Hadrian) οὔτε ἀ ̣π ̣[ροσ ]δοκήτω [ς οὔτε ἀνοή ]τως ἀπαλλάσσομαι τοῦ βίο [υ , P Magd 8.10 (B.C. 218) ὅπως ἀπαγ [γέλλω τὴν . . . κατ ]άλυσιν τοῦ βίου (cf. l. 5), and P Oxy VIII. 1121.12 (A.D. 295) πρὸ ὀλίγων τούτων ἡμερῶν τὸν βίον ἀναπαυσαμένης ἀδιαθέτου .
For the common meaning livelihood, cf. Syll 342.40 (c. B.C. 48) δαπάναις χρώμ [ε ]νος ταῖς ἐκ τοῦ βίου , ";ex sua re familiari"; (Ed.), ib. 325.33 (i/B.C.) τῶν ἰδίων ἀπὸ τοῦ βίου [δ ]απαν [η ]μάτων , OGIS 194.20 (B.C. 51–47) τὸν γὰρ ἑαυτοῦ βίον ὁλοσχ [ερ ]ῶς ἀν [έ ]θετο τοῖς χρῆσθαι βουλομένοις , P Leid Wxiv. 39 (ii/iii A.D.) αὔξησόν μου τὸν βίον (καὶ ) ἐν πολλοῖς ἀγαθοῖς , P Cairo Preis 2.13 (A.D. 362) ἐμοῦ οὖν ἀποδημήσας (sc. -αντος ) εἰς τὸ ἴδιον ἔργον , ὅπως εὕρω ἐξυπερετῆσαι (sc. -υπηρ -) τὸν βίον .
The thought of manner of life, which underlies NT usage in 1 Timothy 2:2, 2 Timothy 2:4, appears in a ii/B.C. inscription from Ægina (OGIS 329.8), in which a certain Kleon is praised for the εὐταξία which he displayed both in public and private life—ἀπόδειξιν πεποιημένου τ [ῆς ] π [ραγ ]ματικῆς καὶ τῆς κατὰ τὸν βίον εὐταξίας . So BGU IV. 1098.34 (c. B.C. 20), where a wife is bound τηρεῖν τὰ πρὸς το ̣, ν ̣ ἄνδρ ̣α ̣ καὶ τὸν κοινὸν βίον δίκαια . In ib. I. 251.5 (A.D. 81), another marriage contract, the husband undertakes to provide τὰ δέοντ [α πάντα καὶ τὸν ἱ ]ματισμὸν καὶ τὰ ἄλλα , ὅσα καθήκει γυναικὶ γαμετῇ κα [τά ] δύναμιν τοῦ βί [ο ]υ , and ib. II. 372ii. 2 (A.D. 154) ἀ [νδ ]ράσι πονηρ ̣[ὸν κ ]α ̣[ὶ ] λῃσ [τ ]ρικὸν β [ίον ποιουμέ ]νοις . With this last may be compared IG VII. 396.15 διενέγκας σεμνόν τε καὶ ἡσύχιον βίον παρ᾽ ὅλον τὸν τῆς ζωῆς αὐτοῦ χρόνον , in which, in accordance with classical usage βίος , not ζωή , is the ethical word. For the exchange of the relative position of the two words in the NT and early Christian writings, see s.v. ζωή .
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
