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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #706 - ἀριθμός
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- a fixed and definite number
- an indefinite number, a multitude
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ἀριθμός [ ᾰ], (ἁρ- IG 1.164), ὁ,
I
1. number, first in Od., λέκτο δ' ἀριθμόν 4.451; ἀριθμῷ παῦρα Semon. 3; ἓν ἀριθμῷ Hdt. 3.6; ἀριθμὸν ἕξ Id. 1.14, cf. 50; ἐς τὸν ἀ. τρισχίλια Id. 7.97; πλῆθος ἐς ἀ. the amount in point of number, ib. 60; τὸν ἀ. δώδεκα Euphro 11.11; δύο τινὲς ἢ τρεῖς.. εἰς τὸν ἀ. Men. 165; ἔλαττον μήτε ὄγκῳ μήτε ἀριθμῷ Pl. Tht. 155a; οὔτ' ἀριθμοῖς οὔτε μεγέθεσιν ἐλάττους Id. Lg. 861e; σταθμῷ καὶ ἀ. X. Smp. 4.45; δι' ἀ. καὶ μέτρου Plu. Per. 16, cf. E. Tr. 620: prov., λέγειν ποντιᾶν ψάφων ἀριθμόν 'count the pebbles on the shore', Pi. O. 13.46, cf. 2.98; οὐ γιγνώσκων ψήφων ἀριθμούς, of a blockhead, Ephipp. 19; οὔτ' ἀριθμὸν οὔτ' ἔλεγχον.. ἔχων Dionys.Com. 3.13.
2. amount, sum, πολὺς ἀ. χρόνου Aeschin. 1.78; ἀ. τῆς ὁδοῦ X. An. 2.2.6; ἀ. [χρυσίου] a sum of money, Id. Cyr. 8.2.16.
3. ἀριθμῷ, abs., in certain numbers, Hdt. 6.58; but δένδρα ἀριθμῷ ὑμέτερα by tale, Th. 2.72; ἀ. διδόναι Dionys.Com. 3.6.
4. item or term in a series, ὁ δεύτερος ἀ. E. Ion 1014; τρίτον ὠδίνων ἀ. Epigr.Gr. 574; ναῦς πολλοὺς ἀ. ἄγνυται ναυαγίων E. Hel. 410, cf. Arist. Po. 1461b24; τοὺς ἀ. τοῦ σώματος points of the body, Pl. Lg. 668d; τοὺς ἀ. ἑκάστου τῶν νοσημάτων Hp. Acut. 3; τὸ καλὸν ἐκ πολλῶν ἀ. ἐπιτελεῖσθαι Plu. 2.45c: hence as a mark of completeness, πάντας τοὺς ἀ. περιλαβών Isoc. 11.16; τοῦ καθήκοντος τοὺς ἀριθμούς the sum total of duty, M.Ant. 3.1.
5. number, account, as a mark of station, worth, rank, μετ' ἀνδρῶν ἵζει ἀριθμῷ takes his place among men, Od. 11.449; εἰς ἀνδρῶν μὲν οὐ τελοῦσιν ἀ. E. Fr. 492; εἰς ἀ. τῶν κακῶν πεφύκαμεν Id. Hec. 1186; ξενίας ἀριθμῷ πρῶτ' ἔχειν ἐμῶν φίλων in regard of friendship, ib. 794; δειλοὶ γὰρ ἄνδρες οὐκ ἔχουσιν ἐν μάχῃ ἀριθμόν have no account made of them, Id. Fr. 519; οὐδ' εἰς ἀ. ἥκει λόγων she comes not into my account, Id. El. 1054; ἀ. οὐδεὶς οὐδὲ λόγος ἐστί τινος Plu. 2.682f, cf. Call. Epigr. 27.6, Orac. ap. Sch. Theoc. 14.48.
6. mere number, quantity, opp. quality, ταῦτ' οὐκ ἀ. ἐστιν, ὦ πάτερ, λόγων a mere set of words, S. OC 382; of men, οὐκ ἀ. ἄλλως not a mere lot, E. Tr. 476; ἀριθμός, πρόβατ' ἄλλως Ar. Nu. 1203; sometimes even of a single man, οὐκ ἀριθμὸν ἀλλ' ἐτητύμως ἄνδρ' ὄντα not a mere unit, E. Heracl. 997; also ἀριθμὸν πληροῦν to be a mere cipher, Chor. Milt. 66.
II numbering, counting, μάσσων ἀριθμοῦ past counting, Pi. N. 2.23; esp. in phrases, ἀ. ποιεῖσθαι τῶν νεῶν to hold a muster of.., Hdt. 8.7; ποιεῖν X. An. 7.1.7, etc.; παρεῖναι εἰς τὸν ἀ. ib.II; εἴ τι δυνατὸν ἐς ἀ. ἐλθεῖν can be stated in numbers, Th. 2.72.
III the science of numbers, arithmetic, ἀριθμόν, ἔξοχον σοφισμάτων A. Pr. 459; ἀριθμῶν καὶ μέτρων εὑρήματα S. Fr. 432; ἀ. καὶ λογισμὸν εὑρεῖν Pl. Phdr. 274c, cf. R. 522c: prov., εἴπερ γὰρ ἀριθμὸν οἶδα E. Fr. 360.19. in Philos., abstract number, Arist. Cat. 4b23, Metaph. 990a19, al.; ἀ. μαθηματικός ib. 1090b35; ἀ. οὐσιώδης, opp. τοῦ ποσοῦ, Plot. 5.5.4; ἀ. ἑνιαῖος, οὐσιώδης, ἑτεροῖος, Dam. Pr. 228. Gramm., number, Stoic. 3.214, D.T. 634.16, A.D. Synt. 32.2,al.; cf. ἑνικός, δυικός, πληθυντικός. numeral, ib. 36.6, etc.; ὁ τέσσαρα ἀ. S.E. M. 7.96; παιδὸς ἀ., = δεκάτη, E. El. 1132. unknown quantity (x), defined as πλῆθος μονάδων ἀορίστων, Dioph. Def. 2. Rhet., rhythm in Prose, in pl., D.H. Comp. 23, Dem. 52, cf. Arist. Rh. 1408b29; but also ἀριθμοὶ τῶν ἀρχαίων ποιητᾶν SIG 703.7 (Delph.). line of a book, Apollon. Cit. 2. sum of numerical values of letters in a name, Revelation 13:17,al.; φιλῶ ἧς ἀριθμὸς φμέ Pompeian Inscr. in Rend.Linc. 10(1901).257. unit of troops, = Lat. numerus, CIG 5187 (vi A. D.), BGU 673 (vi A. D.), etc.; = legio, Jul. ad Ath. 280d, Zos. 5.26, PLond. 5.1711.69 (vi A. D.). Astrol., mostly in pl., degrees traversed in a given time, Ptol. Tetr. 112, Doroth. in Cat.Cod.Astr. 6.107.30; τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀ. at her normal speed, of the moon, Gal. 19.531; also of degrees of latitude, Heph.Astr. 2.8, 3.1. Medic., in pl., precise conditions, παρόντων τῶν πρὸς τὴν φλεβοτομίαν ἀριθμῶν Herod. Med. in Rh.Mus. 58.71, cf. Aret. CA 2.3, prob. in Herod.Med. ap. Aët. 9.2; cf. supr. 1.4. [ ῐ E. El. 1132, Ar. Nu. 1203.] (ἀρῐ-θμός from root ἀρι-, cf. ἐπάριτος (q. v.), νήριτος.)
ἀριθμός, ἀριθμοῦ, ὁ (from Homer down), a number;
a. a fixed and definite number: τόν ἀριθμόν πεντακισχίλιοι, in number, John 6:10 (2 Macc. 8:16; 3Macc. 5:2, and often in Greek writings; Winers Grammar, 230 (216); (Buttmann, 153 (134))); ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τῶν δώδεκα, Luke 22:3; ἀριθμός ... ἀνθρώπου, a number whose letters indicate a certain man, Revelation 13:18.
b. an indefinite number, equivalent to a multitude: Acts 6:7; Acts 11:21; Revelation 20:8.
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ἀριθμός , -οῦ , ὁ ,
[in LXX chiefly for H4557;]
number, a number: Luke 22:3, John 6:10, Acts 4:4; Acts 5:36; Acts 6:7; Acts 11:21; Acts 16:5, Romans 9:27, Revelation 5:11; Revelation 7:4; Revelation 9:16; Revelation 13:17-18; Revelation 15:2; Revelation 20:8 (for exx. of mystical use in Papyri, v. MM, s.v.).†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
P Petr II. 16.13 (middle iii/B.C.) (= Witkowski.2, p. 12) ἠκούσ ]αμεν ἀριθμὸν ἔσεσθαι ἐκ τῶν Ἀρσινοε [ίω ]ν, P Gen I. 16.22 (A.D. 207) τοὶ τούτου ἀδελφοὶ ὄντες τὸν ἀριθμὸν πέντε. For the LXX ἀριθμῷ = ";few"; in Numbers 9:20, Ezekiel 12:16 (Thackeray, O.T. Gram. p. 39), cf. P Oxy IV. 742.7f..(B.C. 2) (= Witkowski.2, p. 128) παράδος δέ τινι τῶν φίλων ἀριθμῷ αὐτάς (sc. δεσμάς), ";deliver a few of them,"; rather than ";deliver them accurately counted"; (as Wilcken ap. Witkowski). But note the combination in P Oxy X. 1270.36 (A.D. 159) ἀριθμῷ πλήρ [εις : so ib. 1273.21 (A.D. 260) with ἀριθμοῦ, and 1261.10 (A.D. 325). Another use appears in BGU IV. 1085.25 (A.D. 171) where P. M. Meyer restores περὶ τῶν. . . ἀρι ]θμῷ τριά [κοντα ἔντυχε τῷ στρατηγῷ ] : ἀριθμῷ is ";a kind of rubric";—";heading no. 30, "; or the like. OGIS 266.6 (iii/B.C.). ὑπὲρ τῶν τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἀποδόντων τὸν κύριον, ";as regards those who had completed the fixed number of years."; It may be worth while to call attention to Wessely’s paper on Gnostic numbers in the Mittheilungen of the Rainer Collection I. i. p. 113 ff. : thus 99 is the ἀριθμός of ἀμήν (α + μ + η + ν = 99) and the mystic Ἀβρασάξ is the number of the year, since its letters numerically total 365 (see P Leid Wiv. 30). For the application of this principle to the ";number"; of the Beast (Revelation 13:18), with illustrations from Greek graffiti from Pompeii (so before A.D. 79), see Deissmann LAE p. 276 f. : one of them is φιλῶ ἧς ἀριθμὸς φ ̄μ ̄ε ̄, ";I love her whose number is 545."; The case for a Greek rather than a Hebrew gematria in a Greek book is undeniably strong. Deissmann, l.c. refers to the dictionaries under ἰσόψηφος. We may cite from Cagnat IV. 743.7f. (= C. and B. no. 232—a metrical epitaph by a Jew of the time of Alexander Severus) a good instance of the gematria in Greek—ἰσόψηφος δυσὶ τούτοις Γάιος ὡς ἅγιος ὡς ἀγαθὸς προλέγω : both adjectives total 284, agreeing with the number of his own name.
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