the Week of Christ the King / Proper 29 / Ordinary 34
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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #318 - ἀνάγκη
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- necessity, imposed either by the circumstances, or by law of duty regarding to one's advantage, custom, argument
- calamity, distress, straits
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ἀνάγκη,
Ion. and ἀναγκαίη, ἡ,
1. force, constraint, necessity, κρατερὴ δ' ἐπικείσετ' ἀ. Il. 6.458; ἀναγκαίη γὰρ ἐπείγει ib. 85; ἀναγκαίῃ πολεμίζειν 4.300; τίς τοι ἀνάγκη πτώσσειν; 5.633; οἷσιν ἀ. (sc. φυλάσσειν) 10.418, al.: but in Hom. usu. in dat. as Adv., ἀνάγκῃ perforce, of necessity, ἀείδειν Od. 1.154; φεύγειν Il. 11.150: in act. sense, forcibly, by force, ἴσχειν, ἄγειν, Od. 4.557, 22.353; μνήσασθαι 7.217: strengthd. by καί, 10.434; ὑπ' ἀνάγκης 19.156; opp. ἑκόντες, Pl. Phdr. 231a; ὑπ' ἀναγκαίης Hdt. 7.172, al.; ἐξ ἀνάγκης S. Ph. 73, Th. 3.40, etc.; δι' ἀνάγκης Pl. Ti. 47e; σὺν ἀνάγκᾳ Pi. P. 1.51; πρὸς ἀνάγκαν A. Pers. 569 codd. (lyr.), cf. Epict. Ench. 29.2; κατ' ἀνάγκην X. Cyr. 4.3.7: ἀνάγκη ἐστί, c. inf., it must be that.., is necessary that.., cf. Il. supr. cit.; πᾶσα ἀ. ἐστὶ ὗσαι Hdt. 2.22; τρέφειν τοὺς τοκέας τοῖσι μὲν παισὶν οὐδεμία ἀ., τῇσι δὲ θυγατράσι πᾶσα ἀ. ib. 35: c. dat. pers., ἀ. μοι σχεθεῖν A. Proverbs 16:1-33, cf. Pers. 293: — in Trag. freq. in answers and arguments, πολλή γ' ἀνάγκη, πολλή' στ' ἀνάγκη, or πολλή μ' ἀνάγκη, with which an inf. may always be supplied, E. Med. 1013, Hec. 396, S. Tr. 295; so πᾶσ' ἀνάγκη El. 1497, cf. Pl. R. 441d; ἀνάγκη μεγάλη [ἐστί ] ib. 485e, Isaiah 3:6, D. 28.9; ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ἐστί Lys. 6.8: later ἀνάγκην ἔχω, c. inf., Luke 14:18.
2. necessity in the philosophical sense, Arist. APo. 94b37, Metaph. 1026b28, Ph. 199b34; logical necessity, Metaph. 1064b33: in pl., laws of nature, τίσιν ἀνάγκαις ἕκαστα γίγνεται τῶν οὐρανίων X. Mem. 1.1.11, cf. Hp. Aër. 21. natural need, γαστρὸς ἀνάγκαις A. Ag. 726, cf. Ar. Nu. 1075, X. Cyn. 7.1; ὑπ' ἀ. τῆς ἐμφύτου Pl. R. 458d; ἐρωτικαῖς ἀ. ib., etc. ἡ ἀ. τοῦ τόπου the lie of the ground as a necessary condition, PLille 4.14. ἀνάγκη δαιμόνων, αἱ ἐκ θεῶν ἀνάγκαι, fate, destiny, E. Ph. 1000, 1763: freq. personified in Poets, Parm. 8.30, Emp. 116, A. Pr. 105, S. Fr. 256; Ἀνάγκᾳ δ' οὐδὲ θεοὶ μάχονται Simon. 5.21.
3. compulsion exerted by a superior, ἀ. προστιθέναι, ἐπιτιθέναι, X. Hier. 9.4, Lac. 10.7. violence, punishment, esp. of torture, mostly pl., ἐς ἀνάγκας ἄγεσθαι Hdt. 1.116, cf. Antipho 6.25, Herod. 5.5; προσάγειν τινὶ τὰς ἀνάγκας Th. 1.99; τὰ πρὸς ἀνάγκας ὄργανα instruments of torture, Plb. 15.28.2: later in sg., ἡ ἀ. τῶν βασάνων Plu. 2.305e; πρὸς ἀνάγκην under torture, Id. Publ. 17: metaph., Hp. de Arte 13; δολοποιὸς ἀ., i. e. the stratagem of Nessus, S. Tr. 832; βρόχων πλεκταῖς ἀνάγκαις Xenarch. 1.9. duress, 'force majeure', ὅρκους οὓς ποιέονται ἐν ἀνάγκῃ ὄντες Democr. 239; stress of circumstances, ἀκούσιοι ἀ. Th. 3.82. treatment by mechanical force, τῶν ἀναγκῶν τινὰ προσφέρειν Hp. Fract. 15, cf. Art. 73.
4. bodily pain, anguish, κατ' ἀνάγκην ἕρπειν painfully, S. Ph. 206 (lyr.); ὑπ' ἀνάγκης βοᾶν ib. 215; ὠδίνων ἀνάγκαι E. Ba. 89 (lyr.): generally, distress, ἐν ἀνάγκαις γλυκὺ γίνεται καὶ τὸ σκληρόν Simon. 226; freq. in LXX, Job 15:24, al.; ἡ ἐνεστῶσα ἀ. 1 Corinthians 7:26 : esp. in pl., IG 12 (7).386.23 (Amorgos, iii B. C.), D.S. 4.43, 2 Corinthians 6:4, etc.
II tie of blood, kindred, Lys. 32.5.
III = ἡ δικαστικὴ κλεψύδρα, Hsch.
ἀνάγκη, (ης, ἡ;
1. necessity, imposed either by the external condition of things, or by the law of duty, regard to one's advantage, custom, argument: κατ' ἀνάγκην perforce (opposed to κατά ἑκούσιον), Philemon 1:14; ἐξ ἀνάγκης of necessity, compelled, 2 Corinthians 9:7; Hebrews 7:12 (necessarily); ἔχω ἀνάγκην I have (am compelled by) necessity, (also in Greek writings): 1 Corinthians 7:37; Hebrews 7:27; followed by an infinitive, Luke 14:18; Luke 23:17 R L brackets; Jude 1:3; ἀν. μοι ἐπίκειται necessity is laid upon me, 1 Corinthians 9:16; ἀνάγκη (equivalent to ἀναγκαῖον ἐστι) followed by an infinitive: Matthew 18:7; Romans 13:5; Hebrews 9:16, 23 (also in Greek writings).
2. in a sense rare in the classics (Diodorus 4, 43), but very common in Hellenistic writings (also in Josephus, b. j. 5, 13, 7, etc.; see Winers Grammar, 30), calamity, distress, straits: Luke 21:23; 1 Corinthians 7:26; 1 Thessalonians 3:7; plural ἐν ἀνάγκαις, 2 Corinthians 6:4; 2 Corinthians 12:10.
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ἀνάγκη , -ης , ἡ ,
[in LXX chiefly for H4689, H6862;]
1. necessity: ἔχειν ἀ -, c. inf., to be compelled, Luke 14:18; Luke 23:17 (Rec., R, mg.), 1 Corinthians 7:37, Judges 1:3, Hebrews 7:27; ἐξ ἀ ., κατ᾽ ἀ ., of necessity, 2 Corinthians 9:7, Hebrews 7:12, Philemon 1:14; ἀ . μοι ἐπίκειται , n. is laid on me, 1 Corinthians 9:16; c. inf. (= ἀναγκαῖον ἐστι ), Matthew 18:7, Romans 13:5, Hebrews 9:16; Hebrews 9:23
2. force, violence, hence pain, distress (Diod., al.; LXX; v. M, Th., 41; MM, VGT, s.v.; cf. θλίψις ): Luke 21:23, 1 Corinthians 7:26, 1 Thessalonians 3:7; pl. (v. B1., § 32, 6; Swete, Mk., 153), ἐν ἀ ., 2 Corinthians 6:4; 2 Corinthians 12:10.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
For ἔχειν ἀνάγκην followed by the infinitive, as Luke 14:18, cf. P Oxy VII. 1061.4 (B.C. 22) ἀνάγκην ἔσχον παρακαλέσαι, ";I have been obliged to urge,"; P Flor II. 278iv. 23 (iii/A.D.) ἀνάγκην ἔσχον ἐ [ντ ]υχεῖν. The converse appears in BGU IV. 1141.47 (B.C. 14) διὸ ἀνάγκη με ἔσχηκε ἐνφανίσαι. The word = ";calamity"; occurs in Syll 255.23 (iii/B.C.) ἐν ἀνάγκαις καὶ κακοπαθίαις γένηται —cf. 2 Corinthians 6:4, etc. In a leaden tablet found at Carthage, Wünsch AF 4.4 (iii/A.D.) ἐ ]ξορκί [ζω σε ] τὸν θεὸν τῆς ἀνάγκης τὸν μέγαν Ἀρουροβααρζαγραν, we have, as Wünsch thinks, the Orphic conception surviving : he compares P Lond 121.648 (iii/A.D.) (= I. p. 105) θεὸς ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀνάγκης τεταγμένος Ἰακοὺβ Ἰαιβω (? = יהוה) Σαβαώθ Ἀδωναϊ —in neither of these however can we speak exactly of ";the great goddess of Necessity."; She figures in Vettius Valens, p. 173 (top), αὐτήν τε τὴν πρόνοιαν καὶ τὴν ἱερὰν Ἀνάγκην. For the ordinary use of the word we may quote Ostr 1153 (Rom.) μὴ ἄλλως ποιήσητ (ε) εἰδότ (ες) τὴν ἀνάγκην, P Flor II. 177.10 (A.D. 257) ἐπεὶ δὲ οἶδ ̣α ὅτι καὶ ἀνάγκης καὶ ὑπομνήσεως χρῄζεται, ";you need compulsion and reminder,"; ib. 186.9 (A.D. 259), διὰ τὴν ἀνάνκην τῶν α ̣̓ν ̣α ̣ιλωμάτων, ";the pressure of expenses,"; ib. 222.9 (A.D. 256) εἰς τὰ ἀναλώμα ̣τ ̣α ̣ μου τῆς φροντίδος ἐν ἀνάγκῃ, etc. The word is MGr.
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