the Week of Proper 28 / Ordinary 33
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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2756 - κενός
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- empty, vain, devoid of truth
- of places, vessels, etc. which contain nothing
- of men
- empty handed
- without a gift
- metaph. destitute of spiritual wealth, of one who boasts of his faith as a transcendent possession, yet is without the fruits of faith
- metaph. of endeavours, labours, acts, which result in nothing, vain, fruitless, without effect
- vain of no purpose
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κενός, ή, όν,
Ion. and poet. κεινός Il. 3.376, 4.181, 11.160, 15.453, Pi. O. 2.65, 3.45, Hdt. 1.73, al.; also κενεός, as always in Hom. (exc. in Il.ll.cc., and κενός Od. 22.249 (s.v.l., fort. κενέ' εὔγματα or κείν' εὔγματα)), also Hp. Aph. 7.24, Meliss. 7, Timo 20.2 (Comp.), and in Dor., IG 42(1).121.73 (Epid., iv B.C.); Aeol. κέννος, acc. to Greg. Cor.p.610 S.: Sup. κεννότατος Sch.Tz.in An.Ox. 3.356.18; but οἱ Αἰολεῖς.. οὐ λέγουσι κέννος Choerob.in An.Ox. 2.242, cf. Hdn.Gr.2.302, and the true Aeol. is prob. κένος or κένεος, from κενϝος, kenevos, cf. Cypr. κενευϝός Schwyzer 683.4.
I
1. mostly of things, empty, opp. πλέως, Ar. Eq. 280; opp. πλήρης, Id. Nu. 1054; opp. μεστός, Diph. 12; κενεὰς σὺν χεῖρας ἔχοντες Od. 10.42; νοστήσαντας κεινῇσι χερσί Hdt. 1.73; κεναῖς χερσίν Pl. Lg. 796b (v. infr. 11.2); τὸ κ. (sc. τάλαντον) the empty one, Ar. Fr. 488.5; κ. οἴκησις S. Ph. 31; γῆ Id. OT 55; εὐνή Id. Ant. 424; χώματα κεινά, = κενοτάφια, Hdt. 9.85; κ. τάφος E. Hel. 1057; κατέθισαν ἐπὶ κενευϝῶν (sc. τάφων gen. sg.) Schwyzer l.c. (Cypr.); κ. χρόνος a pause in music, Anon.Bellerm. 83; σφυγμὸς κ. Agathin. ap. Gal. 8.936; of wool and wine, dub. sens. in Archig. ap. Gal. 8.945; τὸ κ. the void of space, Democr. 9, Meliss.l.c., Emp. 13,al., Epicur. Ephesians 1 p.6U., etc.; τὸ κ., = τόπος ἐστερημένος σώματος, Arist. Ph. 208b26, cf. 213a13 sqq., Cael. 279a13; κ. χώρα Pl. Ti. 58a; ἢν κενεὸν λάβῃ [ἡ διακοπή ] if it penetrates the (brain-) cavity, Hp. Aph. l.c.; esp.Astrol., not occupied by a planet, κ. δρόμος Man. 2.452, cf.Vett. Val. 94.27; cf. κενοδρομέω.
2. empty, fruitless, void, κενὰ εὔγματα εἰπών Od. 22.249 (v. supr.); ἐλπίς, ἐλπίδες, Simon. 5.16, A. Pers. 804; γνώμα Pi. N. 4.40, cf. S. Ant. 753; ἔξοδοι Id. Aj. 287; φροντίδες Id. Fr. 949; τέρψις ib. 577; φόβοι E. Supp. 548, cf. X. An. 2.2.21; φρόνημα Pl. R. 494d, etc.; κ. πρόφασις καὶ ψευδής D. 18.150; λοιδορία κ. Id. 2.5; μάταιον καὶ κ. ib.12; κενὸν ἆρα καὶ τὸ φάρμακον πρὸς τὸ κ. prob. in Men. 530.19; ἀπόντων κενὴν κατηγορεῖν bring an idle charge, Arist. Resp. 470b12; ineffectual, λύγξ Th. 2.49; πουλυμαθημοσύνης, τῆς οὐ κενεώτερον ἄλλο Timo l.c.; πολλὰ κ. τοῦ πολέμου Arist. EN 1116b7; κ. δόξαι Epicur. Sent. 15; ἐπιθυμίαι, opp. φυσικαί, Id. Ephesians 3:1-21 p.62U., Diog.Oen. 59; κ. ὀρέξεις Metrod. Herc. 831.16; freq.in adverbial usages, neut.pl., κενεὰ πνεύσαις Pi. O. 10(11).93; ἡ διὰ κενῆς ἐπανάσεισις τῶν ὅπλων empty flourishing of arms, Th. 4.126; διὰ κενῆς ῥίπτειν throw without a projectile, Arist. Pr. 881a39; κεκλάγγω διὰ κενῆς ἄλλως to no purpose, Ar. V. 929; μάτην διὰ κ. Pl.Com. 174.21; οὐ μαχοῦμαί σοι διὰ κ. Men. Sam. 260; ἐν κενοῖς S. Aj. 971; κατὰ κενῆς Procl. in Ti. 2.167 D.; εἰς κενόν D.S. 19.9, Hld. 10.30; εἰς κ. ἡ δαπάνη IG 14.1746; εἰς κ. μοχθεῖν Men. Mon. 51; κατὰ κενοῦ χανεῖν Suid.s.v. λύκος ἔχανεν; κατὰ κενοῦ φέρειν τὰς χεῖρας Ph. 1.153; κατὰ κ. βαίνειν, = κενεμβατεῖν, Plu. 2.463c: regul. Adv. κενῶς, διαλεκτικῶς καὶ κ. Arist. de An. 403a2; λογικῶς καὶ κ. Id. EE 1217b21; μὴ κ. πόνει Men. 1101, cf. Epicur. Ephesians 3 p.61U., Polystr. p.7 W., Arr. Epict. 2.17.6, Plu. 2.35e.
II of persons and things,
1 c.gen., destitute, bereft, τοῦ νοῦ S. OC 931; φρενῶν Id. Ant. 754; δακρύων E. Hec. 230; συμμάχων κ. δόρυ Id. Or. 688; πεδίον κ. δένδρων Pl. R. 621a; κ. φρονήσεως, ἐπιστήμης, Id. Ti. 75a, R. 486c; κ. πόνου without the fruits of toil, A. Fr. 241.
2. abs., empty-handed, αἰσχρόν τοι δηρόν τε μενειν κενεόν τε νέεσθαι Il. 2.298, cf. Od. 15.214; ἀπίκατο, οἱ μὲν κεινοί, οἱ δὲ φέροντες κτλ. Hdt. 7.131; κενὸς κενὸν καλεῖ A. Th. 353 (lyr.); ἥκεις οὐ κενή S. OC 359, cf. Tr. 495; οὐθ' ὑπεργέμων.. οὔτε κ. Alex. 216; of camels, without burdens, unloaded, opp. ἔγγομοι, OGI 629.166 (Pal- myra, ii A.D.); κ. ἂν ἴῃ.., κ. ἄπεισιν Pl. R. 370e; κ. τινὰ ἐξαποστεῖλαι LXX Genesis 31:42; bereft of her mate, λέαινα S. Aj. 986; orphan, Ἔρωτες Bion 1.59; ὑπ' ἄσθματος κενοί exhausted.., A. Pers. 484; of places, without garrison, χῶραι Aeschin. 3.146, cf. Hdt. 5.15; of the body, without flesh, Plu. 2.831c. devoid of wit, vain, pretentious, κεινὸς εἴην Pi. O. 3.45; διαπτυχθέντες ὤφθησαν κενοί S. Ant. 709; ἀνόητον καὶ κ. Ar. Ra. 530, cf. James 2:20.
III Comp. and Sup., κενότερος Stratt. 10 D.; - ότατος D. 27.25, Phld. Rh. 1.67 S., al., cf. Choerob. in Theod. 2.76, EM 275.50; κενώτερος, -ώτατος, Pl. Smp. 175d, v.l. in Arist. EN 1107a30 (Comp.); κενεώτερος Timo (v. supr.); κενεώτατος v.l. in Hp. Acut. 62.
κενός, κενή, κενόν (from Homer on down), the Sept. for רֵיקָם, רֵק, רִיק, etc., empty;
1. properly, of places, vessels, etc.,which contain nothing (Judges 7:16; Genesis 37:24); metaphorically, empty, vain; devoid of truth: λόγοι, Ephesians 5:6 (Exodus 5:9); ἀπάτη, Colossians 2:8; κήρυγμα, πίστις, 1 Corinthians 15:14.
2. of men, empty-handed; without a gift: ἀποστέλλειν and ἐξαποστέλλειν τινα κενόν (Genesis 31:42; Deuteronomy 15:13; Deuteronomy 16:16), Mark 12:3; Luke 1:53; Luke 20:10f; metaphorically, destitute of spiritual wealth, of one who boasts of his faith as a transcendent possession, yet is without the fruits of faith, James 2:20.
3. metaphorically, of endeavors, labors, acts, which result in nothing, vain, fruitless, without effect: ἡ χάρις, 1 Corinthians 15:10; κόπος; 1 Corinthians 15:58; ἡ εἴσοδος, 1 Thessalonians 2:1; neuter plural κενά, things that will not succeed, Acts 4:25 (from Psalm 2:1); εἰς κενόν, in vain, to no purpose (cf. Winer's Grammar, 592 (551)): 2 Corinthians 6:1; Galatians 2:2; Philippians 2:16; 1 Thessalonians 3:5 (Isaiah 65:23; Jeremiah 6:29, etc.; Diodorus 19, 9; Heliodorus 10, 30). (Cf. Trench, Synonyms, § xlix.)
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κενός , -ή , -όν ,
[in LXX chiefly for H7385 and cognate forms;]
empty (Genesis 37:24, Judges 7:16). Metaph.,
(a) empty, vain: λόγοι , Ephesians 5:6; ἀπάτη , Colossians 2:8; κήρυγμα , πίστις , 1 Corinthians 15:14;
(b) vain, fruitless: ἡ χάρις , 1 Corinthians 15:10; κόπος , 1 Corinthians 15:50; ἡ εἴσοδος , 1 Thessalonians 2:1; κενά , Acts 4:25 (LXX); εἰς κενόν , in vain, to no purpose (Diod., LXX; cl. διὰ κενῆς ), 2 Corinthians 6:1, Galatians 2:2, Philippians 2:16, 1 Thessalonians 3:5;
(c) of persons, empty-handed: Mark 12:3, Luke 1:53; Luke 20:10-11; vain, James 2:20.†
SYN.: μάταιος G3152, of the aim or effect of an action, κ . of its quality (Lft. on Cl. Rom., 1Co., § 7; Tr., Syn., xlix).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
κενός is found in the literal sense ";empty"; in P Magd 11.15 (B.C. 221) μηδὲ κενὸν τὸ π ̣[λοῖ ]ον ̣ . . . [κατα ]κομισθῆνα [ι πρ ]ὸς τὴν πόλιν, P Ryl II. 125.26 (A.D. 28–9) ἐκκενώσας τὰ προκείμενα ἔριψεν ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ μου τὴν πυξίδα κενήν, ";having rifled the contents aforesaid he threw the box empty into my house"; (Edd.). In OGIS 629.166 (A.D. 137) a distinction is drawn between κεναί (";unladen";) and ἔνγομοι (";laden";) camels. With the metaph. usage in Ephesians 5:6 cf. P Par 15.68 (B.C. 120) φάσει κενῇ : see also Didache ii. 5. For the rare use of κενός applied to men as in James 2:20, in the sense of ";pretentious,"; ";hollow,"; Hort (ad l.) compares Epict. ii. 19. 8 ἀλλ᾽ ἂν ὦ κενός, μάλιστα ἐπὶ συρποσίῳ, καταπλήσσομαι τοὺς παρόντας ἐξαριθμούμενος τοὺς γεγραφότας, ";but if I am κενός, especially at a banquet, I astonish the visitors by enumerating the writers (on a particular subject),"; and ib, iv. 4. 35 κενόν, ἐφ᾽ οἷς οὐ δεῖ ἐπαιρόμενον. For the phrase εἰς κενόν, which in the NT is used only by Paul, cf. P Petr II. 37 Ib recto.12 (iii/B.C.) ἵνα μὴ τοῦ ὕδατος ἀφεθέντος διὰ τοῦ σωλῆνος (";pipe";) εἰς κενὸν φέρηται, of water running to waste, Keibel 646.10 (iii/iv A.D.) ἰς κενὸν ἡ δαπάνη : for διὰ κενῆς cf. P Hib I. 66.5 (B.C. 228) ὥστε σε μὴ διὰ κενῆς εὐχαριστῆσαι ἡμ [ῖν, ";so that you shall not oblige rne to no purpose"; (Edd.), and, as one word, PSI IV. 434.9 (B.C. 261–0) οὐκ ἂν νῦν διακενῆς ἐφλυάρει : and for κατὰ κενόν cf. P Tor I. 1iv. 36 (B.C. 116) προηνέγκατο τὸν Ἑρμίαν κατὰ κενὸν περιεσπακέναι.
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