the Week of Proper 28 / Ordinary 33
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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #1416 - δύνω
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- to go into, enter
- go under, be plunged into, sink in
- used in the NT of the setting of the sun
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{δυìνω} δῦμι
Prolonged forms of an obsolete primary word δυìω duō (to sink)
δύω
(v. infr.), δῡνω:
I
1. causal Tenses, cause to sink, sink, plunge in; pres. only in Thphr. HP 5.4.8 οὐκ ἐν ἴσῳ βάθει πάντα δύοντες τῆς θαλάσσης: aor. 1 ἔδῡσα (ἐξ -) Od. 14.341; cf. the compds. ἀπο-, ἐκ-, ἐν-, κατα-δύω. non-causal, get or go into, c. acc.: pres. δύω (v. 1.4); more freq. δύνω Il. 17.202, Hes. Op. 616, S. Ph. 1331, etc.; impf. δῦνον Il. 11.268: aor. ἔδῡνα Batr. 245, part. δύνας Plb. 9.15.9, Paus. 2.11.7, Ael. VH 4.1, but ἔδῡσα Mark 1:32, etc.: more freq. Med. δύομαι Il. 5.140, E. Rh. 529 (lyr.), etc. (also in Att. Inscrr., as IG 22.1241): impf. ἐδυόμην Pl. Plt. 269a; δύοντο Il. 15.345: fut. δύσομαι [ῡ ] 7.298, E. El. 1271: aor. ἐδῡσάμην A.R. 4.865, (ἀπό) Nic. Al. 302; Ephesians 3:1-21 pl. δύσαντο Il. 23.739, opt. δυσαίατο prob. in 18.376 (Prose and Com. in Compds.); Hom. mostly uses the forms ἐδύσεο, ἐδύσετο, imper. δύσεο 19.36, Hes. Sc. 108, part. δυσόμενος (in pres. sense) Od. 1.24, Hes. Op. 384: more freq. aor. ἔδυν (as if from Δῦμι) Il. 11.63, etc.; 3 dual ἐδύτην [ῡ ] 10.254; 1 pl. ἔδῡμεν S. Fr. 367; ἔδῡτε Od. 24.106; ἔδῡσαν, ἔδυν Il. 11.263; Ion. 3 sg. δύσκεν 8.271; imper. δῦθι, δῦτε, 16.64, 18.140; subj. δύω [ῡ ] 6.340, 22.99, but δύῃ [ῠ ] Hes. Op. 728; opt. δύη [ῡ ] (for δυίη) Od. 18.348; inf. δῦναι Il. 10.221, Att., δύμεναι [ῡ ] 14.63, ἐκ-δῦμεν 16.99; part. δύς, δῦσα, Hdt. 8.8: pf. δέδῡκα Il. 5.811, Sapph. 52, Pl. Phd. 116e; Dor. inf. δεδυκεῖν [ῡ ] Theoc. 1.102: — Pass., fut. and aor. δῠθήσομαι, ἐδύθην [ῠ ], and a pf. δέδῠμαι only in compds., v. ἀπο-, ἐκ-, ἐν-δύω. [ῠ in δύω in pres. and impf. Act. and Med., Hom.; but A.R. has δῡομαι, δῡετο 1.581, part. δῡόμενος ib. 925, Call. Epigr. 22; δῡεται Nonn. D. 7.286; ἐκ-δέδῠκας AP 5.72 (Rufin.).] I of Places or Countries, enter, make one's way into, in Hom. the most freq. use, εἰ.. κε πύλας καὶ τείχεα δύω (aor. 2) Il. 22.99; πόλιν δύσεσθαι Od. 7.18; ἔδυ νέφεα plunged into the clouds, of a star, Il. 11.63; δῦτε θαλάσσης εὐρέα κόλπον plunge into the lap of Ocean, 18.140; γαῖαν ἐδύτην went beneath the earth, i.e. died, 6.19, cf. 411, etc.; πόλεμον δύμεναι plunge into.., 14.63; θεῖον δύσονται ἀγῶνα 7.298; ἐδύσετο οὐλαμὸν ἀνδρῶν 20.379; δύσεο δὲ μνηστῆρας go in to them, Od. 17.276; rarely in Trag., αἰθέρα δ. S. Aj. 1192 (lyr.), cf. E. El. 1271.
2. in less freq. with Preps., ἔδυν δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴσω Il. 11.263; δύσομαι εἰς Ἀΐδαο Od. 12.383; ἐς πόντον ἐδύσετο 5.352; δέρτρον ἔσω δύνοντες 11.579; δύσεθ' ἁλὸς κατὰ κῦμα Il. 6.136; ὑπὸ κῦμα θαλάσσης αὐτίκ' ἔδυσαν 18.145; κατὰ σταθμοὺς δύεται slinks into the fold, 5.140; καθ' ὅμιλον ἔδυ Τρώων 3.36 (rarely c. gen., κατὰ σπείους κοίλοιο δέδυκεν Od. 12.93); πάϊς ω[]ς ὑπὸ μητέρα δύσκεν εἰς Αἴαντα he got himself unto Ajax, i.e. got behind his shield, Il. 8.271; βέλος δ' εἰς ἐγκέφαλον δῦ ib. 85; ἀκίδες δεδυκυῖαι διὰ φλεβῶν Plu. Crass. 25; in Prose and Trag. mostly with a Pr (but δυόμενοι abs., diving, Th. 7.25), δῦναι ἐς θάλασσαν Hdt. 8.8; ἐς ἄντρον A. Fr. 261; ἁρμὸν.. πρὸς αὐτὸ στόμιον S. Ant. 1217; κατὰ βάθος Pl. Lg. 905a; κατὰ τῆς γῆς Id. Phd. 113c, etc.
3. abs., εἴσω ἔδυ ξίφος the sword entered his body, Il. 16.340; δύνει ἀλοιφή sinks in (where however βοείην may be supplied), 17.392: — Med., δύου πάλιν Ar. V. 148.
4. of Sun and Stars, sink into [the sea], set, ἠέλιος μὲν ἔδυ Il. 18.241, cf. Od. 3.329, etc.; ἔδυ φάος ἠελίοιο 13.35; δύσετό τ' ἠέλιος 2.388, cf. Il. 7.465, etc.; ἀελίω δύντος Sapph. Supp. 25.8; so Βοώτης ὀψὲ δύων late- setting Boötes, Od. 5.272; δείελος ὀψὲ δύων Il. 21.232; [ σελαναία] δύεν Bion Fr. 8.6; πρὸ δύντος ἡλίου Hdt. 7.149; πρὸ ἡλίου δύντος D. 15.22; δυσόμενος Υπερίων (to mark the West) Od. 1.24; ἐδύετο εἰς τόπον [ὁ ἥλιος ] Pl. Plt. 269a; πρὸς δύνοντος ἡλίου towards the West, A. Supp. 255: metaph., βίου δύντος αὐγαί Id. Ag. 1123 (lyr.); ἔδυ πρόπας δόμος ib. 1011 (lyr.); δεδυκὸς ζῆν live in retirement, Pl. Lg. 781c.
II
1. of clothes and armour, get into, Ἀρήϊα τεύχεα δ. Il. 6.340, etc.; κυνέην δ. put on one's helmet, 5.845; δῦ δὲ χιτῶν' 18.416: metaph., εἰ μὴ σύ γε δύσεαι ἀλκήν if thou wilt not put on strength, 9.231; so ἀνάγκας ἔδυ λέπαδνον A. Ag. 218 (lyr.): hence,
2. trans., put on, ἀμφ' ὤμοισιν ἐδύσετο τεύχεα Il. 3.328, etc.; ὤμοιϊν.. τεύχεα δῦθι 16.64; χιτῶνα περὶ χροΐ.. δῦνεν Od. 15.61; χρυσὸν.. ἔδυνε περὶ χροΐ Il. 8.43.
3. rarely abs. with a Pr, ὅπλοισιν ἔνι δεινοῖσιν ἐδύτην 10.272, cf. A.R. 1.638; ἐς τεύχεα δύντε Od. 22.201.
III of sufferings, passions, and the like, enter, come over or upon, κάματος.. γυῖα δέδυκεν Il. 5.811; ὄφρ' ἔτι μᾶλλον δύη ἄχος κραδίην Od. 18.348; ἦτορ δῦν' ἄχος Il. 19.367; ὀδύναι δῦνον μένος 11.272; κρατερὴ δέ ἑ λύσσα δέδυκε madness is come over him, 9.239; δῦ μιν Ἄρης Ares, i.e. the spirit of war, filled him, 17.210; μιν ἔδυ χόλος 19.16.
δύνω, δύω; 2 aorist ἔδυν; 1 aorist (in Greek writings transitively) ἐδυσα (Mark 1:32 L Tr WH), cf. Alexander Buttmann (1873) Ausf. Spr. ii., p. 156f; Winers Grammar, p. 84 (81); Buttmann, 56 (49); (Veitch, see under the words); to go into, enter; go under, be plunged into, sink in: in the N. T. twice of the setting sun (sinking as it were into the sea), Mark 1:32; Luke 4:40. So times without number in Greek writings from Homer on; the Sept., Genesis 28:11; Leviticus 22:7, etc.; Tobit 2:4; 1 Macc. 10:50. (Compare: ἐκδύνω, ἀπεκδύνω (ἀπεκδύνομαι), ἐνδύνω, ἐπενδύνω, παρεισδύνω, ἐπιδύνω.)
STRONGS NT 1416: δύσις [δύσις, δύσεως, ἡ;
1. a sinking or setting, especially of the heavenly bodies;
2. of the quarter in which the sun sets, the west: Mark 16 WH (rejected) 'Shorter Conclusion.' (So both in singular and in plural: Aristotle, de mund. 3, p. 393{a}, 17; 4, p. 394^b, 21; Polybius 1, 42, 5 etc.)
STRONGS NT 1416: δύω δύω, see δύνω.
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δύνω ,
Ion, and trag. form of δύω ,
[in LXX chiefly for H935;]
to enter, sink into; of the sun (sc. όντον ), set: Mark 1:32, Luke 4:40
(cf. ἐκ -, ἀπ -εκ -, ἐν -, ἐπ -εν -, παρ -εισ -, ἐπι -δύνω ).†
δύω , see δύνω .
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
P Hib I. 27.52 (calendar—B.C. 301–240) ἄγουσιν κατ᾽ ἐνιαυτ [ὸν ] τῆι αὐτῆι ἡμέραι τ [ὰς ] πλείστας οὐθὲν πα [ραλ ]λάσσοντες ἐπ᾽ ἄστρω [ι ] ἢ δύνοντι ἢ ἀνατ [έλ ]λοντι, ";they (sc. the astronomers and sacred scribes) keep most of the festivals annually on the same day, without alterations owing to the setting or rising of a star"; (Edd.), P Oxy II. 235.15 (horoscope—A.D. 20–50) δύνει Σκορπίος οἷκος Ἄρεως. In the Eudoxus papyrus, P Par I.145 (c. B.C. 165) we have ἀεὶ δὲ φανερὸς ὁ μηδέποτε δύνων, ᾧ εἰσὶν αἱ ἄρκτοι, and.173 εἰ μὲν γὰρ ὁ πόλος ἀνανεύσει ἢ κατανεύσει, αἱ ἄρκτοι δύσονται καὶ ἐπιτελοῦσιν. P Hal I. 1.240 (c. B.C. 250) ὡς δὲ ἂν ἥλιος ] δύηι, μηδὲ εἷς ἐνεχυραζ [έ ]τω μηδὲ πρὶν ἥ [λιον ἀνατέλλειν has the strong aorist, as the sense shows. We might also quote an application to the sunset of life, from Kaibel 568.4 (Rome, iii/A.D.?) : ἥτις ἐνὶ ζωοῖσιν ὅκως ἀνέτελλεν Ἑῷος, νῦν δύνει δ᾽ ὑπὸ γῆν Ἕσπερος ἐν φθιμένοις. The daring versifier is adapting Plato’s gem, the epitaph of Aster.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
