Bible Commentaries
John 19

Introduction

Overview

John 19:1, Christ is scourged, crowned with thorns, and beaten; John 19:4, Pilate is desirous to release him, but being overcome with the outrage of the Jews, he delivers him to be crucified; John 19:23, They cast lots for his garments; John 19:25, He commends his mother to John; John 19:28, He dies; John 19:31, His side is pierced; John 19:38, He is buried by Joseph and Nicodemus.

Verse 1

Pilate: Matthew 27:26-31, Mark 15:15-20, Luke 23:16, Luke 23:23

scourged: Psalms 129:3, Isaiah 50:6, Isaiah 53:5, Matthew 20:19, Matthew 23:34, Mark 10:33, Mark 10:34, Luke 18:33, Acts 16:22, Acts 16:23, Acts 22:24, Acts 22:25, 2 Corinthians 11:24, Hebrews 11:36, 1 Peter 2:24

Reciprocal: Luke 18:32 - mocked Luke 23:24 - Pilate John 19:31 - their Acts 4:27 - Pontius Pilate Acts 5:40 - beaten

Verse 2

the soldiers: John 19:5, Psalms 22:6, Isaiah 49:7, Isaiah 53:3, Matthew 27:27-31, Mark 15:17-20, Luke 23:11

Reciprocal: Judges 8:26 - purple Matthew 26:68 - thou Matthew 27:28 - stripped Mark 10:34 - mock Hebrews 9:19 - scarlet

Verse 3

Hail: Matthew 26:49, Matthew 27:29, Luke 1:28

King: John 19:19-22, John 18:33

Reciprocal: Micah 5:1 - they Matthew 26:67 - and others Matthew 26:68 - thou Mark 10:34 - mock Mark 14:65 - General Luke 23:3 - the King Luke 23:38 - General John 19:14 - Behold

Verse 4

that ye: John 19:6, John 18:38, Matthew 27:4, Matthew 27:19, Matthew 27:24, Matthew 27:54, Luke 23:41, Luke 23:47, 2 Corinthians 5:21, Hebrews 7:26, 1 Peter 1:19, 1 Peter 2:22, 1 Peter 3:18, 1 John 3:5

Reciprocal: Leviticus 22:19 - General Joshua 2:3 - Bring Daniel 6:4 - but Mark 15:9 - Will Luke 23:13 - General Acts 13:28 - General

Verse 5

Behold: John 1:29, Isaiah 7:14, Isaiah 40:9, Isaiah 43:1, Lamentations 1:12, Hebrews 12:2

Reciprocal: Judges 8:26 - purple Psalms 52:7 - Lo Isaiah 53:2 - he hath no Zechariah 6:12 - behold Mark 15:9 - Will Luke 23:11 - arrayed John 19:2 - the soldiers John 19:14 - Behold Hebrews 9:19 - scarlet

Verse 6

the chief priests: John 19:15, Matthew 27:22, Mark 15:12-15, Luke 22:21-23, Acts 2:23, Acts 3:13-15, Acts 7:52, Acts 13:27-29

Take: Pilate neither did nor could say this seriously; for crucifixion was not a Jewish but a Roman mode of punishment. The cross was made of two beams, either crossing at the top, at right angles, like a T, or in the middle of their length like an X; with a piece on the centre of the transverse beam for the accusation, and another piece projecting from the middle, on which the person sat. The cross on which our Lord suffered was of the former kind, being thus represented on all old monuments, coins, and crosses. The body was usually fastened to the upright beam by nailing the feet to it, and on the transverse piece by nailing the hands; and the person was frequently permitted to hang in this situation till he perished through agony and lack of food. This horrible punishment was usually inflicted only on slaves for the worst of crimes. John 18:31, Matthew 27:24

Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 29:3 - found Psalms 64:4 - the perfect Isaiah 10:1 - them Isaiah 49:7 - to him whom man despiseth Daniel 6:5 - General Mark 15:3 - the chief Mark 15:14 - Why John 9:24 - we know John 18:35 - what John 18:38 - I find John 19:4 - that ye

Verse 7

We have: Leviticus 24:16, Deuteronomy 18:20

because: John 5:18, John 8:58, John 8:59, John 10:30-33, John 10:36-38, Matthew 26:63-66, Matthew 27:42, Matthew 27:43, Mark 14:61-64, Mark 15:39, Romans 1:4

Reciprocal: Psalms 64:6 - search Isaiah 53:4 - yet Isaiah 53:8 - General Jeremiah 26:11 - saying Daniel 3:25 - the Son of God Daniel 6:5 - General Daniel 6:14 - was sore Matthew 14:33 - Of Matthew 26:66 - He Matthew 27:54 - Truly Mark 9:7 - This Mark 14:64 - General Luke 22:70 - the Son Luke 23:47 - he John 1:34 - this John 8:53 - whom John 18:31 - Take Acts 9:20 - that Acts 24:6 - and 2 Corinthians 1:19 - the Son

Verse 8

heard: John 19:13, Acts 14:11-19

Reciprocal: Daniel 3:25 - the Son of God Jonah 1:10 - were Matthew 27:27 - common hall Acts 24:6 - and

Verse 9

Whence: John 8:14, John 9:29, John 9:30, Judges 13:6

But: Psalms 38:13-15, Isaiah 53:7, Matthew 27:12-14, Mark 15:3-5, Acts 8:32, Acts 8:33, Philippians 1:28

Reciprocal: Matthew 26:62 - Answerest Matthew 27:27 - common hall Mark 14:60 - General Mark 15:5 - Jesus Mark 15:16 - Praetorium John 8:25 - Who John 18:28 - unto James 5:6 - and he 1 Peter 2:23 - when he was

Verse 10

knowest: John 18:39, Daniel 3:14, Daniel 3:15, Daniel 5:19

Reciprocal: Genesis 31:29 - the power 2 Kings 9:3 - I have anointed 2 Kings 18:25 - Amos I now 2 Kings 18:29 - Let not 2 Chronicles 32:15 - much less Ecclesiastes 3:14 - nothing Mark 14:60 - General Mark 15:4 - Answerest

Verse 11

Thou: John 3:27, John 7:30, Genesis 45:7, Genesis 45:8, Exodus 9:14-16, 1 Chronicles 29:11, Psalms 39:9, Psalms 62:11, Jeremiah 27:5-8, Lamentations 3:37, Daniel 4:17, Daniel 4:25, Daniel 4:32, Daniel 4:35, Daniel 5:21, Matthew 6:13, Luke 22:53, Acts 2:23, Acts 4:28, Romans 11:36, Romans 13:1, James 1:17

he: John 11:49, John 11:50, John 18:3, Matthew 26:65, Matthew 27:2, Mark 14:44

the greater: John 9:41, John 15:22-24, Luke 7:41, Luke 7:42, Luke 10:11-14, Luke 12:47, Luke 12:48, Hebrews 6:4-8, James 4:17

Reciprocal: Genesis 31:29 - the power Judges 3:12 - and the Lord 1 Samuel 15:28 - hath given 2 Kings 5:1 - by him 2 Kings 9:3 - I have anointed 2 Kings 17:21 - a great sin 2 Kings 18:25 - Amos I now 2 Kings 18:29 - Let not 1 Chronicles 29:12 - power 2 Chronicles 32:15 - much less Ezra 6:22 - turned Job 1:12 - Behold Job 32:13 - God Ecclesiastes 3:14 - nothing Isaiah 54:16 - I have Daniel 2:37 - power Daniel 5:19 - whom he would he slew Micah 2:1 - because Matthew 4:5 - taketh Matthew 21:44 - but Mark 10:33 - deliver Luke 8:32 - besought Luke 9:44 - for Luke 23:34 - they know not John 10:18 - man John 18:35 - Thine Acts 12:3 - he proceeded Romans 2:12 - For 1 Timothy 6:13 - who before Revelation 6:4 - power Revelation 9:5 - it was Revelation 13:7 - and power

Verse 12

from: Mark 6:16-26, Acts 24:24-27

thou art: John 18:33-36, Luke 23:2-5, Acts 17:6, Acts 17:7

Reciprocal: Genesis 49:10 - until 1 Kings 21:13 - the king Ezra 4:14 - and it was Nehemiah 2:19 - will ye rebel Job 24:22 - draweth Proverbs 29:25 - fear Jeremiah 38:5 - for Jeremiah 38:19 - I Daniel 6:16 - the king Matthew 2:2 - born Matthew 14:9 - sorry Matthew 19:22 - he went Matthew 22:17 - Caesar Mark 15:3 - the chief Mark 15:14 - And Mark 15:32 - Christ Luke 23:20 - General John 11:50 - General John 18:30 - If John 19:19 - Jesus John 19:22 - What Acts 7:27 - Who Acts 8:33 - judgment Acts 13:28 - General

Verse 13

heard: John 19:8, Proverbs 29:25, Isaiah 51:12, Isaiah 51:13, Isaiah 57:11, Luke 12:5, Acts 4:19

and sat: Psalms 58:1, Psalms 58:2, Psalms 82:5-7, Psalms 94:20, Psalms 94:21, Ecclesiastes 5:8, Amos 4:7

Reciprocal: Nehemiah 6:6 - that thou mayest Psalms 55:13 - mine acquaintance Jeremiah 38:19 - I John 19:20 - in Acts 18:12 - the judgment Acts 21:40 - Hebrew Acts 25:6 - sitting Revelation 16:16 - the Hebrew

Verse 14

the preparation: John 19:31, John 19:32, John 19:42, Matthew 27:62, Mark 15:42, Luke 23:54

the sixth: Instead of וךפח [Strong's G1623], sixth, several manuscripts and fathers have פסיפח [Strong's G5154], third, as in the parallel place. Mark 15:25, Mark 15:33, Mark 15:34

Behold: John 19:3, John 19:5, John 19:19-22

Reciprocal: Isaiah 53:2 - he hath no Micah 5:2 - that is Zechariah 13:6 - I was Matthew 26:68 - thou Matthew 27:22 - What Mark 15:9 - Will Mark 15:12 - What Mark 15:18 - Hail John 18:28 - eat 1 Corinthians 5:7 - Christ

Verse 15

Away: John 19:6, Luke 23:18, Acts 21:36, Acts 22:22

We have: John 18:31, Genesis 49:10, Ezekiel 21:26, Ezekiel 21:27

Reciprocal: Deuteronomy 28:43 - General Psalms 62:9 - Surely Psalms 149:2 - let the Isaiah 49:7 - to him whom man despiseth Isaiah 53:2 - he hath no Ezekiel 19:14 - she hath Hosea 3:4 - without a king Hosea 10:3 - We have Zechariah 9:9 - behold Zechariah 11:6 - into the Matthew 21:5 - thy King Matthew 25:34 - the King Matthew 26:68 - thou Matthew 27:17 - or Matthew 27:20 - should Matthew 27:22 - What Mark 11:9 - Hosanna Mark 15:18 - Hail Luke 23:5 - they Luke 23:21 - General John 12:13 - the King Acts 3:13 - whom Acts 4:27 - the people Acts 7:35 - Moses

Verse 16

Matthew 27:26-31, Mark 15:15-20, Luke 23:24

Reciprocal: Job 16:11 - to the ungodly Matthew 27:20 - should Matthew 27:31 - and led Mark 15:20 - and led Luke 23:26 - they laid

Verse 17

he: Matthew 10:38, Matthew 16:24, Matthew 27:31-33, Mark 8:34, Mark 10:21, Mark 15:21, Mark 15:22, Luke 9:23, Luke 14:27, Luke 23:26, Luke 23:33

went: Leviticus 16:21, Leviticus 16:22, Leviticus 24:14, Numbers 15:35, Numbers 15:36, 1 Kings 21:13, Luke 23:33, Acts 7:58, Hebrews 13:11-13

Golgotha: Golgotha, of which סבםיןם [Strong's G2898] and Calvaria are merely translations, is supposed to have been a hill, or a rising on a greater hill, on the north-west of Jerusalem. Matthew 27:33, Matthew 27:34, Mark 15:21, Mark 15:22, Luke 23:33

Reciprocal: Genesis 22:6 - laid it John 12:32 - if Acts 21:40 - Hebrew Hebrews 13:12 - suffered Revelation 16:16 - the Hebrew

Verse 18

John 18:32, Psalms 22:16, Isaiah 53:12, Matthew 27:35-38, Matthew 27:44, Mark 15:24-28, Luke 23:32-34, Galatians 3:13, Hebrews 12:2

Reciprocal: Matthew 27:38 - General Mark 15:26 - The King of the Jews Mark 15:27 - General Luke 23:33 - when John 8:28 - When John 19:32 - of the first Hebrews 13:12 - suffered

Verse 19

wrote: Matthew 27:37, Mark 15:26, Luke 23:38

And the: The apparent discrepancy between the accounts of this title given by the Evangelists, which has been urged as an objection against their inspiration and veracity, has been most satisfactorily accounted for by Dr. Townson; who supposes that, as it was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, it might have slightly varied in each language; and that, as Luke and John wrote for the Gentiles, they would prefer the Greek inscription, that Matthew, addressing the Jews, would use the Hebrew, and that Mark, writing to the Romans, would naturally give the Latin.

Jesus: John 19:3, John 19:12, John 1:45, John 1:46, John 1:49, John 18:33, Acts 3:6, Acts 26:9

Reciprocal: Psalms 149:2 - let the Jeremiah 30:21 - governor Zephaniah 3:15 - the king Matthew 2:2 - born Matthew 2:23 - Nazareth Matthew 25:34 - the King Mark 10:47 - Jesus Mark 14:67 - Jesus Mark 16:6 - Jesus Luke 18:37 - Jesus John 12:13 - the King John 18:5 - Jesus John 19:14 - Behold Acts 2:22 - Jesus

Verse 20

in: John 19:13, John 5:2, Acts 21:40, Acts 22:2, Acts 26:14, Revelation 16:16

and Greek: Acts 21:37, Revelation 9:11

Reciprocal: Mark 16:6 - Jesus

Verse 21

Reciprocal: Luke 23:49 - the women John 18:38 - I find

Verse 22

What: John 19:12, Psalms 65:7, Psalms 76:10, Proverbs 8:29

Reciprocal: John 18:38 - I find

Verse 23

the soldiers: Matthew 27:35, Mark 15:24, Luke 23:34

now: Such was the קיפשם [Strong's G5509], or coat, of the Jewish high-priest, as described by Josephus.

woven: or, wrought, Exodus 39:22, Exodus 39:23

Reciprocal: Exodus 28:32 - that it be not rent 1 Kings 12:15 - that he might Psalms 22:16 - they pierced Psalms 22:18 - General

Verse 24

that: John 19:28, John 19:36, John 19:37, John 10:35, John 12:38, John 12:39

They parted: Psalms 22:18, Isaiah 10:7, Acts 13:27

Reciprocal: Exodus 28:32 - that it be not rent 1 Kings 2:27 - that he 1 Kings 12:15 - that he might 2 Kings 15:12 - And so 2 Chronicles 10:15 - that the Lord Matthew 26:24 - Son of man goeth Matthew 27:35 - parted Mark 15:24 - they parted Luke 23:34 - And they Luke 24:44 - that all Acts 2:23 - being Ephesians 4:10 - fill Revelation 17:17 - until

Verse 25

his mother: Luke 2:35

and his: Matthew 27:55, Matthew 27:56, Mark 15:40, Mark 15:41, Luke 23:49

Cleophas: or, Cleopas, Luke 24:18

and Mary: John 20:1, John 20:11-18, Mark 16:9, Luke 8:2

Reciprocal: Matthew 13:55 - and his Mark 9:41 - because Mark 16:1 - Mary Magdalene John 8:33 - and were John 16:20 - That Acts 1:14 - with the

Verse 26

whom: John 13:23, John 20:2, John 21:7, John 21:20, John 21:24

Woman: John 2:4

Reciprocal: 2 Samuel 9:1 - show him Proverbs 23:22 - despise Daniel 10:19 - O man Matthew 12:50 - and mother Matthew 25:40 - Inasmuch John 19:35 - he that John 20:13 - Woman Acts 1:14 - Mary Acts 4:13 - they took 2 Corinthians 8:4 - the ministering 1 Timothy 5:2 - elder 1 Timothy 5:4 - learn

Verse 27

Behold: Genesis 45:8, Genesis 47:12, Matthew 12:48-50, Matthew 25:40, Mark 3:34, 1 Timothy 5:2-4

took: 1 John 3:18, 1 John 3:19

his: John 1:11, John 16:32

Reciprocal: 2 Samuel 9:1 - show him Proverbs 23:22 - despise Matthew 12:50 - and mother Matthew 27:31 - and led John 2:4 - Woman Acts 21:6 - they Romans 16:13 - his 2 Corinthians 8:4 - the ministering 1 Timothy 5:4 - learn

Verse 28

Jesus: John 19:30, John 13:1, John 18:4, Luke 9:31, Luke 12:50, Luke 18:31, Luke 22:37, Acts 13:29

that the: Psalms 22:15, Psalms 69:21

Reciprocal: Judges 15:18 - he was sore 1 Kings 2:27 - that he 1 Kings 12:15 - that he might Psalms 69:3 - my throat Ecclesiastes 3:14 - nothing Daniel 9:24 - seal up Matthew 2:15 - that Matthew 4:14 - it Matthew 12:17 - it Matthew 26:24 - Son of man goeth Matthew 27:34 - gave Matthew 27:46 - Jesus Mark 11:12 - he was Mark 14:21 - goeth Mark 15:23 - they Mark 15:36 - General Luke 23:36 - General John 4:7 - Give John 10:35 - the scripture John 19:24 - that Acts 1:16 - this Acts 13:25 - fulfilled Acts 13:27 - they have Ephesians 4:10 - fill Revelation 17:17 - until

Verse 29

was set: Matthew 27:34, Matthew 27:48, Mark 15:36, Luke 23:36

hyssop: This hyssop is termed a reed by Matthew and Mark; and it appears that a species of hyssop, with a reedy stalk, about two feet long, grew about Jerusalem. Exodus 12:22, Numbers 19:18, 1 Kings 4:33, Psalms 51:7

Reciprocal: 1 Kings 12:15 - that he might Psalms 69:21 - gall for my meat

Verse 30

It is: John 19:28,*Gr: John 4:34, John 17:4, Genesis 3:15, Psalms 22:15, Isaiah 53:10, Isaiah 53:12, Daniel 9:24, Daniel 9:26, Zechariah 13:7, Matthew 3:15, Romans 3:25, Romans 10:4, 1 Corinthians 5:7, Colossians 2:14-17, Hebrews 9:11-14, Hebrews 9:22-28, Hebrews 10:1-14, Hebrews 12:2

and he: John 10:11, John 10:18, Matthew 20:28, Matthew 27:50, Mark 15:37, Luke 23:46, Philippians 2:8, Hebrews 2:14, Hebrews 2:15

Reciprocal: Leviticus 1:17 - shall not Numbers 6:20 - and after Psalms 69:21 - vinegar Matthew 27:48 - and filled Luke 12:50 - and Luke 13:32 - I shall Acts 13:29 - when Colossians 2:15 - triumphing Hebrews 2:10 - perfect Hebrews 4:10 - hath Hebrews 5:9 - being Hebrews 7:28 - consecrated Revelation 11:7 - when Revelation 16:17 - It is

Verse 31

because: John 19:14, John 19:42, Matthew 27:62, Mark 15:42

that the: Deuteronomy 21:22, Deuteronomy 21:23

that sabbath: Leviticus 23:7-16

their: Lactantius says that it was a custom to break the legs of criminals upon the cross; which was done, we are told, at the instep with an iron mallet; and appears to have been a kind of coup de grace, the sooner to put them out of pain. John 19:1, Proverbs 12:10, Micah 3:3

Reciprocal: Matthew 27:38 - General Mark 15:44 - General Mark 16:1 - when Luke 23:54 - General Acts 2:23 - being

Verse 32

of the first: John 19:18, Luke 23:39-43

Reciprocal: 1 Kings 12:15 - that he might 2 Chronicles 10:15 - that the Lord Proverbs 12:10 - but Mark 14:8 - she is John 19:14 - the preparation

Verse 33

Reciprocal: Exodus 12:46 - neither 1 Kings 18:33 - Fill four Luke 8:53 - knowing

Verse 34

came: John 13:8-10, Psalms 51:7, Ezekiel 36:25, Zechariah 13:1, Matthew 27:62, Acts 22:16, 1 Corinthians 1:30, 1 Corinthians 6:11, Ephesians 5:26, Titus 2:14, Titus 3:5-7, Hebrews 9:13, Hebrews 9:22, Hebrews 10:19-22, 1 Peter 3:21, 1 John 1:6-9, 1 John 5:6, 1 John 5:8, Revelation 1:5, Revelation 7:14

Reciprocal: Leviticus 14:7 - sprinkle 1 Kings 18:33 - Fill four Zechariah 12:10 - they shall look John 13:5 - poureth Acts 4:27 - Pontius Pilate Hebrews 10:10 - we Hebrews 13:12 - sanctify Revelation 1:7 - and they

Verse 35

he that: John 19:26, John 21:24, Acts 10:39, Hebrews 2:3, Hebrews 2:4, 1 Peter 5:1, 1 John 1:1-3

that ye: John 11:15, John 11:42, John 14:29, John 17:20, John 17:21, John 20:31, Romans 15:4, 1 John 5:13

Reciprocal: Zechariah 13:1 - a fountain John 12:17 - bare Acts 20:26 - I take 2 Timothy 1:8 - the testimony 1 John 5:6 - is he 1 John 5:11 - this 3 John 1:12 - and we Revelation 1:2 - bare

Verse 36

that the: Exodus 12:46, Numbers 9:12, Psalms 22:14, Psalms 34:20, Psalms 35:10

Reciprocal: Numbers 9:11 - fourteenth 1 Kings 2:27 - that he 2 Kings 15:12 - And so Matthew 1:22 - that Matthew 2:15 - that Matthew 4:14 - it Matthew 21:4 - this Matthew 26:24 - Son of man goeth Mark 14:21 - goeth John 10:35 - the scripture John 12:38 - That John 15:25 - the John 19:24 - that Acts 1:16 - this Acts 13:27 - they have Acts 13:29 - when Ephesians 4:10 - fill

Verse 37

They: Psalms 22:16, Psalms 22:17, Zechariah 12:10, Revelation 1:7

Reciprocal: 1 Kings 2:27 - that he 2 Kings 15:12 - And so Matthew 1:22 - that Matthew 4:14 - it Matthew 21:4 - this Matthew 26:24 - Son of man goeth Mark 14:21 - goeth John 10:35 - the scripture John 12:38 - That John 19:24 - that Acts 13:27 - they have Acts 13:29 - when Galatians 3:8 - the scripture James 4:5 - the scripture

Verse 38

Joseph: Matthew 27:57-60, Mark 15:42-46, Luke 23:50

but: John 9:22, John 12:42, Proverbs 29:25, Philippians 1:14

Reciprocal: Isaiah 53:9 - made Mark 15:45 - he gave Mark 15:46 - and took Luke 23:52 - General John 3:2 - came John 7:13 - spake John 12:7 - against Acts 5:13 - of Acts 13:29 - they took Acts 17:34 - the Areopagite 1 Corinthians 1:26 - not many mighty 1 Corinthians 15:4 - that

Verse 39

Nicodemus: John 3:1-21, John 7:50-52, Matthew 12:20, Matthew 19:30

a: John 12:7, 2 Chronicles 16:14, Song of Solomon 4:6, Song of Solomon 4:14

Reciprocal: Genesis 50:2 - embalmed Judges 16:31 - his brethren Psalms 45:8 - All Song of Solomon 1:13 - bundle Matthew 26:12 - General John 3:2 - came 1 Corinthians 1:26 - not many mighty

Verse 40

wound: John 11:44, John 20:5-7, Acts 5:6

Reciprocal: Genesis 50:2 - embalmed 2 Chronicles 16:14 - sweet odours Matthew 26:12 - General Mark 16:1 - sweet

Verse 41

and in: John 20:15, 2 Kings 23:30, Isaiah 22:16, Matthew 27:60, Matthew 27:64-66, Luke 23:53

Reciprocal: 2 Chronicles 16:14 - his own sepulchres

Verse 42

laid: Psalms 22:15, Isaiah 53:9, Matthew 12:40, Acts 13:29, 1 Corinthians 15:4, Colossians 2:12

because: John 19:14, John 19:31

Reciprocal: Leviticus 2:6 - General 2 Chronicles 16:14 - his own sepulchres Matthew 27:62 - the day Luke 23:54 - General